List of companies involved in the Holocaust
Appearance
This list includes some of the corporations and their productions during World War II and that are documented to have collaborated for the execution of in the Holocaust. Most of these companies still operate to this day.
Company name | Year established | Place of origin | Activity |
---|---|---|---|
Accumulatoren-Fabrik AFA[1] | 1888 | Hagen, Germany | Provided batteries for several kind of vehicles such as the German U-boats and Panzer tanks. |
AEG[2] | 1883 | Germany | Supplied grips of the World War of the 2 P38 pistols manufactured by Walther Arms, Mauser, as well as on the Spreewerk P38s. |
Allianz[3] | 1890 | Berlin, Germany | A German insurance company. |
Associated Press | 1846 | New York, United States | Censorship and cooperation with Nazi Germany.[4][5] |
Audi (Auto Union)[6] | 1910 | Zwickau, Germany | Forced labour from concentration camps,[6] Zyklon B production. |
Barclays Bank[7][8] | 1690 | City of London | Officials of the bank in France volunteered information to the Nazis about their Jewish employees during the Vichy regime. |
BASF[9][10] | 1865 | Ludwigshafen, Germany | Collaborated with Degussa AG - now Evonik Industries - and IG Farben - to produce sodas used in Zyklon B - utilized in Concentration Camps to commit mass murder. The BASF built the chemical factory IG Auschwitz. |
Bayer[9][11] | 1863 | Barmen, Germany | Forced labour and medical experimentation in concentration camps,[12] production of the chemicals and pharmaceuticals supplies of Nazi Germany. |
BMW[9][13][14] | 1916 | Munich, Germany | Forced labour from concentration camps,[15] produced fighting sidecar motorcycles BMW R75 and aircraft engines. |
Carl Walther GmbH[citation needed] | 1886 | Zella-Mehlis, Germany | Produced Gewehr military carabines and Walther handguns. |
Chase National Bank[16][17][18] | 1877 | Manhattan, New York State, USA | Assisted in the sale of Nazi war bonds (Rueckwanderer Marks) to German Americans. |
Coca-Cola[19] | 1886 | Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Sold the eponymous drink from the brand to Nazi Germany. |
Degussa AG (now Evonik Industries)[20][21][9] | 1843 | Frankfurt, Germany | Zyklon B pesticide production used for executions in gas chambers. |
Dehomag (a subsidiary of IBM)[22][23][24] | 1896 | Germany | Provided data computers for the Gestapo state police notably for arrests. |
DEST[25] | 1938 | Berlin, Germany | SS owned stone works and later, armaments manufacturer. Used slave labour. |
Deutsche Bank[9][26] | 1870 | Berlin, Germany | Provided construction loans for Auschwitz. |
Deutsche Bergwerks- und Hüttenbau[27] | Late 1800s | Germany | Mine and quarries. |
Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe[citation needed] | 1940 | Germany | Holding company for SS-owned businesses. |
Dresdner Bank[9][28][29] | 1872 | Dresden, Germany | Major stakeholder in the construction company for Auschwitz. |
Eisenwerke Oberdonau[citation needed] | 1938 | Germany | Steel production. Part of Reichswerke Hermann Göring. |
Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark[30] | 1941 | Lower Austria | Engine production mainly for aircraft. |
Focke-Wulf[31]: 118 | 1924 | Bremen, Germany | Produced Focke-Wulf military planes. |
Ford Germany[32] | 1925 | Berlin, Germany | Produced turbines for V2 rockets and some other similar machine parts. |
Franz Eher Nachfolger[33] | 1887 | Munich, Germany | Produced books and the famous Mein Kampf under the control of the Nazi party. |
General Motors[34] | 1900 | Detroit, United States | Automotive industry, provided passenger vehicles for the SS, Wermacht and the Nazi party. |
Heinkel[31]: 118 | 1922 | Warnemünde, Germany | Produced Heavy and Medium eponymous Heinkel He bomber planes. |
Hoesch AG[9] | 1871 | Dortmund, Germany | Mines and steel productions. |
Hugo Boss[35] | 1924 | Metzingen, Germany | Produced propaganda items for Nazi State and Vichy Collaborating State. |
IBM[22] | 1911 | Armonk, New York, USA | Produced early computers utilized in the pursuit of the Holocaust by Nazi Germany. |
IG Farben[36] | 1925 | Frankfurt am Main, Germany | Zyklon B main manufacturer. |
ITT Inc.[37] | 1920 | Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA | Major stakeholder in Focke-Wolf. |
Jumo[31]: 118 | 1923 | Dessau, Germany | Engine building subsidiary of Junkers. |
Junkers[31]: 118 | 1895 | Dessau, Germany | Produced Junkers light dive bombers. |
Krupp[36][38][2] (now part of ThyssenKrupp) | 1811 | Essen, Germany | Zyklon B was produced by the company along with other ones. Some more of the productions were Panzer Tank Series, U-boats, military ships, artillery guns. |
Mercedes-Benz (as well as then-owner Daimler-Benz)[9][39][40] | 1926 | Stuttgart, Germany | Forced labour from concentration camps, produced turret for tanks. |
Messerschmitt[41] | 1938 | Augsburg, Germany | Produced fighter planes from the Messerschmitt Bf 110 plane family. |
Nestlé[42][43] | 1866 | Vevey, Switzerland | Benefited from slave labour. |
Porsche[44] | 1931 | Stuttgart, Germany | Forced labour,[45] created design for the first version of the outgunning heavy Tiger tank series: the Tiger I despite the trials it was not retained for further production. |
Reichswerke Hermann Göring[46] | 1937 | Berlin, Germany | State-owned steelworks. |
Siemens[9][47][2] | 1847 | Kreuzberg, Berlin, Germany | Forced labour,[48] Trucks possibly other productions as trains. |
Škoda Works[citation needed] | 1869 | Pilsen, Czechia | Produced artillery for the Wehrmacht. |
Standard Oil[49] | 1870 | Cleveland, Ohio | Provided fuel for U-boats. |
Steyr Arms[50] | 1864 | Steyr, Austria | Forced labour in the Steyr-Münichholz subcamp, production of weapons. |
Steyr-Daimler-Puch[51] | 1864 | Steyr, Austria | Constructed military facilities and military vehicles as the light RSO Raupenschlepper Ost (with cargo, selfpropelled antitank and traction versions). |
Sulzer[52] | 1834 | Winterthur, Switzerland | Sold marine diesel engines to the Wehrmacht. |
Swarovski[53][54] | 1895 | Wattens, Austria | Members of the executive board were members of the Nazi Party. |
Thyssen AG (now part of ThyssenKrupp)[9] | 1891 | Hamborn, Germany | Produced steel, machines, weapons and steelworks. |
Többens and Schultz[citation needed] | 1941 | Warsaw, General Government | Produced uniforms for the Wehrmacht. |
Topf and Sons[55] | 1878 | Erfurt, Germany | Designed, manufactured and installed crematoria for concentration and extermination camps. |
Volkswagen Group[9][44][56] | 1937 | Berlin, Germany | Forced labour from concentration camps,[57] produced V-1 flying bomb and Kubelwagen military buggies. |
Gallery
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A Wehrmacht Opel Blitz truck stationed in Yugoslavia.
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A Messerschmidt Me 110 fortress bomber.
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Zyklon B used at Dachau concentration camp. "Poison Gas! Cyanide preparation to be opened and used only by trained personnel" is found at the center of both labels. They were shown at Nuremberg Trial.
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A Focke-Wulf Fw 190 with a swastika at the rear of the plane.
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German football team Borussia Dortmund's uniforms display Evonik, one of the ex-producers of Zyklon B, as a main sponsor.
-
Dortmund's main rivals, Bayern Munich, whose stadium is sponsored by Allianz.
See also
References
- ^ Edmondson, Gail (2007-10-10). "BMW's Quandt Family Faces Its Nazi Past". Bloomberg Businessweek.
- ^ a b c Markham, James M. (1986-01-09). "Company Linked to Nazi Slave Labor Pays $2 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ^ Richard Sandomir (September 10, 2008). "Naming Rights and Historical Wrongs". New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
- ^ "The Associated Press Cooperated With The Nazis". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2021-04-19.
- ^ "Revealed: How Associated Press cooperated with the Nazis". 30 March 2016.
- ^ a b "German car maker Audi reveals Nazi past".
- ^ "Barclays to Compensate Jews". BBC News. BBC.com. December 17, 1998. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ "World: Europe US banks gave Jewish money to Nazis". BBC News. BBC. February 3, 1999. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "German industry unveils Holocaust fund". BBC News. 1999-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ "IG Farben to be dissolved". BBC. 2001-09-17. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2009). "Bayer". In Charles Wankel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. pp. 126–128.
- ^ "Bayer".
- ^ "MUNICH-ALLACH: WORKING FOR BMW". www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.
- ^ Kay, Anthony (2002). German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930–1945. Airlife Publishing. ISBN 9781840372946.
- ^ "BMW and the Holocaust".
- ^ "Thousands of Intelligence Documents Opened under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act" (Press release). National Archives and Records Administration. May 13, 2004. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
- ^ Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman; Naftali, Timothy; Wolfe, Robert (April 4, 2005). "Banking on Hitler: Chase National Bank and the Rückwanderer Mark Scheme, 1936–1941". U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–202. ISBN 978-0521617949. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Yeadon, Glen; Hawkins, John (June 1, 2008). The Nazi Hydra in America: Suppressed History of a Century. Joshua Tree, California: Progressive Press. p. 195. ISBN 9780930852436. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ "Coca-Cola collaborated with the Nazis in the 1930s, and Fanta is the proof". www.timeline.com. Josh O'Connor. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2005-11-16). "From Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich (review)". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 19 (3): 528–531. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci047. ISSN 1476-7937.
- ^ Bernstein, Richard (2003-11-14). "Berlin Holocaust Shrine Stays With Company Tied to Nazi Gas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ a b Edwin Black (2001). IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation. ISBN 0-316-85769-6.
- ^ Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray, "Computer a History of the Information Machine – Second Edition", Westview Press, p. 37, 2004.
- ^ See IBM during World War II
- ^ Rudolf A. Haunschmied; Jan-Ruth Mills; Siegi Witzany-Durda (2007). St. Georgen - Gusen - Mauthausen: Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 45. ISBN 978-3-8334-7440-8.
- ^ Schmid, John; Tribune, International Herald (1999-02-05). "Deutsche Bank Linked To Auschwitz Funding". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ Tuvia Friling (1 July 2014). A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival. Brandeis University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-61168-587-9.
- ^ Young, Marc (2006-02-18). "Dresdner Bank and the Third Reich: Hitler's Willing Bankers". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ "Report: German Bank Helped Build Auschwitz". Deutsche Welle. 2006-01-23. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
- ^ Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael (2017). The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 427. ISBN 9781440840845.
- ^ a b c d Vajda, Ferenc A.; Dancey, Peter (1998). German Aircraft Industry and Production, 1933-1945. McFarland. ISBN 9781853108648.
- ^ Wallace, Max. (2003). The American axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press.
- ^ Tavernaro, Thomas (2004). Der Verlag Hitlers und der NSDAP: die Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH. Wien: Edition Praesens. ISBN 978-3-7069-0220-5.
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/nov98/nazicars30.htm
- ^ Köster, Roman. "Hugo Boss, 1924-1945. A Clothing Factory During the Weimar Republic and Third Reich" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- ^ a b Göring, Hermann; Weinberg, Gerhard L.; International Military Tribunal. (1971). Trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946. Vol. IX. Nuremberg Ger. ISBN 978-0-404-53650-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kupferberg, Seth M. (1973-09-01). "The ITT Affair". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ^ "Krupp AG | German company". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ Services, From Times Wire (1988-06-12). "Daimler-Benz to Pay $12 Million for War Forced Labor". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ Klara, Robert (2015-09-13). "Hitler's car exerts grim fascination even if it just gave the Führer a lift to the airport". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ "Gusen". www.ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ^ Prinz, Deborah (2004-01-15). On the Chocolate Trail. ISBN 9781580234870. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ "Nestlé paid $14.6 million for using slave labor". The Independent. 2000-08-28. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ a b Hawranek, Dietmar (2009-07-21). "Designing Cars for Hitler: Porsche and Volkswagen's Nazi Roots". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ "The Dark Pre-History of the World's Favorite Sports Car".
- ^ Overy, R.J. (1995). War and economy in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820599-6.
- ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2012-10-30). "German Industry and the Third Reich: Fifty Years of Forgetting and Remembering". Braun Holocaust Institute. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2013-09-19.
- ^ "Siemens Offers $12 Million to WWII Slave Labor Victims". 24 September 1998.
- ^ Bruer, William (2002-06-18). "Standard Oil provided the Nazis with fuel for their U-boats, on some occasions even giving Germans the first pick of oil fields". ISBN 9780471207474. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ "Forced Labour in the Arms Industry - KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen".
- ^ Orth, Karin (2010). "Camps". In Peter Hayes; John K. Roth (eds.). The Oxford handbook of Holocaust studies. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211869.003.0025. ISBN 978-0-19-921186-9.
- ^ Switzerland, National Socialism and the Second World War: Final Report. Contributed to by Jean-François Bergier. Berghahn Books. 2003. ISBN 9783858426031.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Szigetvari, András (2018-12-23). "Swarovskis Kampf mit seiner NS-Vergangenheit". DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ^ Schreiber, Horst. "Im Einklang mit der NSDAP – Das Unternehmen Swarovski in der NS-Zeit" (in German). Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ^ Alan Rosenberg; Gerald Eugene Myers (2009). Echoes From The Holocaust: Philosophical Reflections on a Dark Time. Temple University Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-4399-0161-8.
- ^ Clairmont, Frederic F. (January 1998). "Volkswagen's history of forced labor". Le Monde Diplomatique. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Volkswagen".