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Sylvia Browne

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Sylvia Browne (born October 19, 1936) is a bestselling American author on the subject of spirituality who describes herself as a psychic and medium.[1] She is a weekly guest on The Montel Williams Show and hosts her own hour-long show on Hay House Radio, discussing paranormal issues and giving callers alleged psychic advice.

Critics such as James Randi insist her performances consist of nothing but cold reading, a technique used by mentalists to create the illusion of mind reading and clairvoyance.

Early life

Born Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker in Kansas City, Missouri she is the elder of two daughters of Bill and Celeste Shoemaker.[2]

Her father Bill was Jewish and Celeste was an Episcopalian.[3] Bill had many jobs including mail delivery and jewelry salesman, and served as vice president for a major freight line. Browne’s maternal grandmother, Ada Coil, who also claimed to be a psychic medium, was a devout Lutheran.[3] To establish stability, the family decided to convert to Catholicism and they were all baptised together when Browne was a young girl. She said that visions started appearing when she was three years old and that her grandmother Ada Coil, helped her understand why she had them. Browne also asserts that her great-uncle also claimed to be a psychic medium and was “rabid about UFOs”.[4]

Browne asserts that she received a masters degree in English/Literature, and taught English in a Catholic grammar School for a few years before working as a psychic full-time.[5]

In a March 2001 interview with Larry King, Browne stated that she is Jewish.[6]

Later life

Browne began giving psychic readings in 1974 and has attracted followings of supporters and detractors.[2] She has given thousands of one-on-one readings and with a wide variety of groups and individuals. Browne claims to have provided information to police departments and the FBI. [citation needed]

She is divorced from Gary Dufresne, and is divorced from Kenzil Dalzell Brown. Sylvia acquired the surname Brown during the third of her four marriages, and enhanced it with a final e for her stage name.[citation needed]

Paranormal claims

Browne says she knows what it is like in Heaven. In her book Life On The Other Side, she says the temperature is a constant 78 degrees F (25.6 C), that there are no insects (unless one wants there to be), that pets go to Heaven, and that one can build one's house wherever one wants it to be unless it obscures the view of a river or some trees, in which case one needs permission.[7] She asserts that the other side exists approximately three feet above ground level and at a "higher vibrational level" and so is difficult for humans to perceive. However, like other psychics, she claims to have been born able to perceive a wider range of "vibrational frequencies".

Browne declares that she can see angels and that they look similar to depictions in paintings, but have different traits depending on their "phylum". Her grand-daughter who is purportedly psychic claims to have witnessed the angels that Browne states come around humans.[8] She also once claimed on Montel to be able to tell people the time and method of their death, and will reveal it if a person wants to know; she claims most people simply do not want to know.[citation needed]

Browne professes the ability to speak with her spirit guide, "Francine," and has given details of fifty-four of her own former lives as divined by her.[9]

Her son Christopher also claims to be psychic, and Sylvia attributes this to a genetic predisposition. Her website says "if Sylvia is the best psychic around - then Chris is the second best."[10]

Television and radio

Browne is a frequent guest on US television and radio programs. She has appeared numerous times on Larry King Live as well as the Montel Williams Show and Coast To Coast AM. During these appearances she usually discusses her abilities with the host and then performs readings of audience members or callers.

On some occasions other guests at her appearances have included skeptics, with James Randi being one of the more frequent. These shows often feature verbal sparring between the two, with both trying to convince the audience that the other is wrong. In March 2004, their feud escalated on the popular St. Louis radio program, The Paul Harris Show, when Randi came out and called Browne a liar, referring to her claims about Randi's Million Dollar Challenge and other statements she had made about Randi.[11]

Browne has also appeared on The Young And The Restless as herself in December 2006.[12]

Books, business, and church

Browne has written a number of books. She is the head of the Sylvia Browne Corporation, and the founder of a church in 1986 in Campbell, California, known as the Society of Novus Spiritus. According to its website, the church employs forty ministers, and refers to itself as "Gnostic Christian."[10] It states that it follows the same traditions and teachings which Jesus himself followed, yet does not exclude Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, or Hinduism. The society teaches the Biblical works of Jesus Christ while also incorporating the Gnostic Gospels (ex: Gospel of Mary Magdalene), and says that while the Bible is a "marvelous book" and should be used as a teaching tool, it is not the "unaltered word of God".[13]

In April 1988 Browne declared bankruptcy[14] and in 1992, Browne and her estranged husband were indicted on several charges of investment fraud and grand theft.[15] The Superior Court of Santa Clara County, California, found that Browne and her husband sold securities in a gold-mining venture under false pretences.[15] In at least one instance, they told a couple their US $20,000 investment was to be used for immediate operating costs. Instead, the money was transferred to an account for their Nirvana Foundation for Psychic Research.[15] Browne pled no contest to securities fraud and was indicted on grand larceny in Santa Clara County, California on May 26th 1992.[14]

On June 6, 1992, the San Francisco Chronicle noted that "Sylvia Brown claimed to have strong psychic 'feelings' that the mine would pay off."[15] Browne excused her inability to foresee her own conviction by claiming that her psychic abilities do not work on herself and calling her critics 'ignorant'.[15]

Court documents show that Sylvia and her estranged husband Kenzil Dalzell Brown pleaded no contest to a felony charge of "sale of security without permit," made restitution, and received one year probation each.[15] Dalzell's disposition included "County Jail 4 months with credit for time served of 21 days," while Sylvia's included 200 hours of community service.[15]

Criticism and controversy

Browne has critics who assert she is a cold reader. She has had a long running feud with noted skeptic James Randi who has pointed out that her readings are indistinguishable from those achieved by mentalists using cold reading and hot reading techniques.

Although Browne has made many public "predictions", her accuracy rate has been no better than educated guessing.[16] Among her predictions, that Bill Clinton was falsely accused in the Lewinsky scandal (proved incorrect), that George H. W. Bush would defeat Bill Clinton in the 1992 U.S. presidential election (Bush lost), that Bill Bradley would win the 2000 U.S. presidential election with the Reform Party coming in second,[17] the "hiding in caves" of Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein (found in a spider hole in the ground), the death of bin Laden (later reported by the Central Intelligence Agency as incorrect), a verdict of "guilty" in the 2005 child molestation trial of Michael Jackson[18], and the cure and prevention of breast cancer by the end of 1999, [19]. Browne appeared on CNN's Larry King Live days before the September 11, 2001 attacks and failed to predict the event,[20] but after the fact claimed she had disturbing dreams involving a lot of fire in the week preceding the attack. She also stated on The Montel Williams Show's New Years Predictions that Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston would have a baby, that year.

Psychic detective

Browne has often spoken of working with the police and FBI as a psychic detective. The Skeptics Dictionary offers a rebuttal to this claim, [21] quoting an article which appeared in the media watchdog magazine, Brill's Content, which examined Browne's work as a psychic detective over a span of 35 cases.

In 21, the details were too vague to be verified. Of the remaining 14, law-enforcement officials or family members involved in the investigations say that Browne had played no useful role.

— Brill's Content

Sago Mine controversy

Many critics say an incident involving Browne on January 3, 2006, on the U.S. radio program Coast to Coast AM with George Noory, is evidence of her deception and fraud.[22] The incident, which was broadcast live, involved Browne making her predictions for 2006. Browne and Noory were discussing the nature of her psychic premonitions, when Noory brought up the topic of the then unfolding 2006 Sago Mine disaster. At the time it was believed, due to erroneous news reports, that 12 of the 13 trapped miners had been found alive. A transcript of the conversation follows:

Noory: Of course, this is after the fact, with the 12 or 13 coal miners they found successfully.
Browne: I know.
Noory: Had you been on the program today, and had they not been found, would you have felt as if, because they had heard no sounds, that this was a very gloomy moment, and they might have all died?
Browne: No, I knew they were going to be found. Uh, you know, I hate people who say something after the fact. It's just like I knew when the Pope was dead and I said it on, thank God I was on Montel's show, and I said, according to the time, it was 9-something and whatever Rome time was, and I said he's gone, and he was.
Noory: We're going to follow that story this hour when we're with you, Sylvia, taking phone calls and then…
Browne: Right.
Noory: For those of you who are with our affiliate stations, I will be live in that last hour of Coast to Coast.…
Browne: Yeah, I don't think there's, I don't think there's, I don't really think there's anybody alive. If there is, I think maybe only one, I just don't believe that there's… I haven't heard anything because I've been with you, but I just don't think they are alive.
Noory: That's frustrating.
Browne: It's terrible, isn't it?
Noory: O.K, let's go the phones.

Later in the program, Noory once again brought the issue up with Browne.

Noory: Sylvia, with the accuracy rate that you have, and it is very high, of the few that you get wrong, do they sometimes become right, maybe later on?
Browne: Yeah, but see I never… I didn't believe that they were alive
Noory: What's that? The miners?
Browne: Uhuh.
Noory: Oh, okay.
Browne: No, I think that they're… and see I've been on the show with you, so I don't know but I don't think that there's any that are gonna make it.
Noory: Well, that's not a good situation.
Browne: No.
Noory: Thirteen were in there, they said one had died, 12 were alive.
Browne: Well, there's 12 gone
Noory: I think the misunderstanding for you was that I was telling you, after the fact, that they were alive. Had that story not broken while we were on the air… what do you think would have happened ? And that's where I think we threw a curve ball at you.
Browne: Yeah, no, I just believed that they were gone.
Noory: Well, I think unfortunately you may be right.

Later in the program, Noory related a message from Browne, who was no longer on air, stating that her comment, "I knew they would be found", was, in fact, referring to the bodies of the miners and the affair had been caused by a simple misunderstanding. Noory was hesitant to accept this explanation but stated that he was "confused".

Not all commentators were as forgiving as Noory, however, with FOX News reporter, Roger Friedman, reporting the story in a highly critical piece entitled, "TV Psychic Misses mark on Miners".[23] Skeptic, James Randi, wrote on his website "For anyone not familiar with the methods of these charlatans, this would appear to be a calamitous failure, a blow-out, a total screw-up - but not to anyone familiar with the callous lies of Sylvia Browne".[24]

Montel Williams controversies

Critics, like Jon Donnis, have also highlighted several performances on the Montel Williams show[25] which, they say, show Browne making incorrect guesses about the subject of the reading.

Donnis writes about an incident in which parents in the crowd ask Browne how their daughter died and she responds that the daughter was shot. Donnis continues:

Astounded by this the parents are almost unable to speak, that is until they reveal that their daughter dropped down dead in her room. There was no bullets, not guns, nothing.

— Jon Donnis

Sylvia countered, "I don't care but it looks like something hit her in the chest".

The StopSylviaBrowne.com website has reported on another incident on the show (original airdate not known - rebroadcast on August 16 2006), when Browne gave a reading to a woman in the audience. The website provides this transcript:

Woman: I lost my boyfriend tragically, um… a few years ago. (choking back tears) They never found him, and I've had such a hard time since. Every day.
Browne: The reason why you didn't find him is 'cause he's in water. And, find him in water…

The woman looks confused.

Browne: (to Montel) it's like the girl that's missing in Aruba. [to woman] You can't find somebody…
Woman: (interrupting) Well, it was…September eleventh. There was no… He was a fireman, but…there was no…
Browne: Well no, you see, I keep seeing him in water.

The woman shakes her head angrily. There is a pause.

Browne: Is there any way he could have drowned in water, someway?
Woman: [shakes her head] They never found a piece of him. Nothing.
Montel: (to Sylvia) From 9/11.

Another pause.

Browne: 'Cause he's… he says he couldn't breathe and he was filled with water.

Another pause.

Montel: Hmm.
Browne: Well, if they were trying to put the fire out, Montel…

Montel points to another person in the audience, trying to move on.

Montel: They couldn't, you know, uh, yeah.

Another pause.

Browne: No, they won't find him, but honey that's okay, because it doesn't matter if they find him or not, he's still over there.[26]

Opal Jo Jennings

Six-year-old Opal Jo Jennings was abducted in March 1999 from her grandparents' front yard in Tarrant County, Texas, USA. Jennings' grandmother, Audrey Sanderford, appears on the Montel show to ask Browne's help. The episode was first broadcast on April 29th, 1999. Browne told Sanderford her granddaughter was not dead but that she had been sold into "white slavery" and taken to Japan, in a town called either "Kukouro" or "Kukoura". No such town exists. In August of that same year, convicted child molester Richard Lee Franks was arrested and charged with Jennings' abduction. He was convicted of the crime in September 2000 and sentences to life in prison.

In December 2003 the skeletal remains of a small child were found 13 miles away from Jennings' home. DNA determined it was the remains of Opal Jo Jennings and that she had been killed within hours after being abducted. The cause of death was trauma to the head.[27]

Shawn Hornbeck

11-year-old Shawn Hornbeck was reported missing from his Missouri home on October 6, 2002. On February 6, 2003, Browne appeared on the Montel Williams Show with the boy's parents during which Browne told Pam and Craig Akers their son "is no longer with us" but she had the impression his body was in a wooded area about 20 miles southwest of Richwoods. She said it would be near two large, jagged boulders that seem out of place in that area. She also described the man as being very tall, having long black dreadlocks, and being not "black, more like Hispanic" as well as describing his vehicle as an older model blue sedan with fins. Her claims led to a refocusing of search efforts of numerous people calling in with tips regarding possible spottings of the rock formations Browne had mentioned. [28] [29]

In January 2006 Anderson Cooper reported on Browne's 2003 claims and interviewed the Hornbeck parents, James Randi, and Robert Lancaster (Browne declined to be interviewed).[30] The Hornbeck parents reported that Browne offered to "tell them more" if they booked a private meeting at $700 for 20 minutes. Browne denied having ever asked such a thing of grieving parents.

Hornbeck was found alive four years later, having been abducted by a Caucasian man with short brown hair who drove a small white Toyota pickup. Browne told the Daily News, "I'm terribly sorry that this happened, But I think my body of work stands by itself. I've broken case after case."[31] She was scheduled to be a guest on the Larry King show to further address the issue. However, she was replaced at the last minute by fellow psychic Rosemary Altea and skeptic James Randi. King, a long-time supporter and promoter of Browne's work, was somewhat critical of the absent Browne, but he also remarked that Browne had described Devlin "pretty well." Randi disputed this, comparing her description (that mentioned dreadlocks) with an arrest photograph of Devlin (no dreadlocks).

Criticism by James Randi

File:RandiandBrowne.JPG

James Randi has been a frequent critic of Browne. On September 3, 2001, Browne stated on Larry King Live that she would accept the James Randi Educational Foundation's (JREF) $1,000,000 challenge to demonstrate supernatural abilities in a controlled scientific test.[32] However, as of 2007, Browne has failed to contact the Foundation or respond to Randi's enquiries.

Over subsequent years Browne has claimed several reasons for not taking part in the challenge:

  • She was unable to contact Randi.[33]
  • She does not need nor want the money. [34]
  • Neither Randi or the JREF has $1,000,000. [11][35]
  • Randi would not put the money in escrow. [35]

In support of her final claim, Browne often quotes Randi as saying that he'll never have to pay the money because "I always have an out." Randi, in turn, responds that this quote is taken out of context and his actual words were "I always have an out—I'm right", referring to his belief that no one can win the challenge because no one possesses any kind of paranormal ability.

Some have questioned the logical inconsistency of her statements that she is not interested in the money, yet at the same time requires proof of its existence.[34] In addition, Randi demonstrates that the money is held by an independent investment firm, Goldman Sachs, and proof of its existence [36] can be obtained by requesting a copy of the most recent account statement from the JREF, by telephone, fax, letter, or e-mail. Though a few persons have requested and received copies of the documentation, no request has ever come from Browne.

Browne retorts that the JREF refuses to put the money into escrow with the implication that this is because it doesn't exist. Randi originally defended the decision, highlighting the fact that the challenge rules clearly state the money will not be placed in escrow. However, as of November 2003, Randi decided to make an exception for Browne, and declared that the money will be placed in escrow, proposing either Larry King[37] or Montel Williams, both supporters of Browne, as suitable escrow agents. Though formal letters were mailed to both King and Williams notifying them of their nomination as possible escrow agents, neither person ever answered. And Browne never accepted nor acknowledged Randi's exception concerning the escrow matter.

After making this announcement, Randi stated on his website, "We have now met each and every objection made by Sylvia Browne, except that she does not like me."[38]

Browne's responses to Randi

Browne's website posted a message sometime after August 1, 2005, which appeared to be directed at Randi. It claimed that Browne has never seen confirmation of the existence of the million dollars (which Randi said he sent by certified mail), suggesting it may be due to Randi sending the package to a previous business address. However, Randi's May 30, 2003, weekly newsletter indicates the documents were mailed over two years before the date Browne said she relocated.[39] Randi said he has a certified mail receipt from the U.S. Postal Service (Certified Mail item #7003 0500 0002 3034 8133) to confirm the package was refused by Browne at 12:08 p.m. on May 22, 2003.

Books authored by Sylvia Browne

  • Browne, Sylvia; & Antoinette May (1990). Adventures of a Psychic Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 0-7394-0178-5
  • Browne, Sylvia; & Harrison Lindsay (1999). The Other Side and Back: A Psychic's Guide to Our World and Beyond New York, NY: Signet. ISBN 0-451-19863-8
  • Browne, Sylvia; & Harrison Lindsay (2000). Life on the Other Side: A Psychic's Tour of the Afterlife Dutton Adult. ISBN 0-525-94539-3
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2000). God, Creation, and Tools for Life Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-56170-722-8
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2000). Astrology Through A Psychic's Eyes Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-56170-720-1
  • Browne, Sylvia; & Harrison Lindsay (2000). Blessings From the Other Side New York, NY: New American Library. ISBN 0-525-94574-1
  • Browne, Sylvia; & Harrison Lindsay (2003). Visits form the Afterlife New York, NY: New American Library. ISBN 0-525-94756-6
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2003). Book of Angels Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0193-X
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2004). Mother God: The Feminine Principle to Our Creator Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0309-6
  • Browne, Sylvia; & Harrison Lindsay (2004). Prophecy: What the Future Holds for You New York, NY: Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94822-8
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2005). Contacting Your Spirit Guide Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0532-3
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2005). Secrets & Mysteries of the World Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0458-0
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2005). Phenomenon: Everything You Need to Know About the Paranormal New York, NY: Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94911-9
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2006). If You Could see What I See: The Tenets of Novus Spiritus Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0648-6
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2006). Exploring the Levels of Creation Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 1-4019-0891-8
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2006). Insight: Case Files from the Psychic World New York, NY: Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94955-0
  • Browne, Sylvia; (2006). The Mystical Life of Jesus New York, NY: Dutton. ISBN 0-5259-5001-X

References

  1. ^ Browne, Sylvia. "About Sylvia Browne". Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  2. ^ a b Dulin, Dann (December 2005). "Soul Advice". A&U Magazine. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  3. ^ a b Browne, Sylvia; & Antoinette May (1990). Adventures of a Psychic. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc. ISBN 0-7394-0178-5
  4. ^ Browne, Sylvia (2005). Secrets & Mysteries of the World. Hay House. pp. 94–96. ISBN 1401900852.
  5. ^ Browne, Sylvia. "About Sylvia". Retrieved 2007-01-28.
  6. ^ King, Larry (March 6, 2001). "Are Psychics for Real?". CNN/Larry King Live. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  7. ^ Browne, Sylvia (July 17, 2000). "Life on the Other Side: A Psychic's Tour of the Afterlife ISBN 0-525-94539-3". Dutton Adult . {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. ^ King, Larry (May 16, 2003). "Larry King Live: Interview With Sylvia Browne". CNN/Larry King Live. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  9. ^ Larsen, Claus (January 2003). "Sylvia Browne: Fast-Food Psychic". Skeptic Report. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  10. ^ a b "Novus Spiritus- FAQ". Novus Spiritus, Founder Sylvia Browne. 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b Browne vs Randi March 2003 The Paul Harris Show
  12. ^ Adams, Diane. "Young and the Restless Recap: December 18, 2006". Retrieved 2007-01-28.
  13. ^ "Novus Spiritus- The Bible". Novus Spiritus, Founder Sylvia Browne.
  14. ^ a b "NNDB:Sylvia Browne". NNDB. 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Nickell, Joe (2004). "Psychic Sylvia Browne once failed to foresee her own criminal conviction". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  16. ^ Randi, James (January 28, 2005). "Sylvia Browne's Clock-Update". James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Browne, Sylvia (2000). "Predictions for the year 2000". Sylvia.org. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  18. ^ Setoodeh, Ramin (January 14, 2005) Psychic Sylvia Browne's Predictions for 2005 (Jackson was acquitted), msnbc.com
  19. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/19990421191948/sylvia.org/1999.htm
  20. ^ King, Larry (September 3, 2001). "Are Psychics Real?". CNN/Larry King Live. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
  21. ^ Skeptics Dictionary. "psychic detective, blue sense". Retrieved 2007-02-01.
  22. ^ Noory, George et al (2006). "Coast to Coast AM." Radio Broadcast. Broadcast 3 January 2006.
  23. ^ "TV Psychic Misses Mark on Miners". FOX News. Retrieved 2006-08-01. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Unknown parameter |Last= ignored (|last= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ Randi, James (January 6, 2006). "In Conclusion". James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Nickell, Joe (August 8, 2006). "Sylvia Brown Screws Up Again - Tells Parents Girl Who Dropped Dead Was Shot". BadPsychics. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); External link in |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ http://www.stopsylviabrowne.com/articles/montel_911fireman.shtml
  27. ^ "Opal Jo Jennings: Reading on the Montel Williams Show". StopSylviaBrowne.com.
  28. ^ Sigman, Leroy (2003-02-27). "Psychic's clues lead to new searches, but no luck". Daily Journal Online. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  29. ^ "Transcript of converstation between Sylvia Browne and Craig & Pam Akers on the Montel Williams Show". CNN. 2007-01-20. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  30. ^ Psychic Powers Debunked in Shawn Hornbeck Case CNN'S Anderson Cooper January 19, 2007 (CNN Transcript)
  31. ^ "She told them boy was dead". New York Daily News. 2007-01-18. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  32. ^ Randi, James. "Sylvia Browne's Clock-Update". James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ Randi, James (2006-11-10). "In conclusion". James Randi's Swift. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ a b "Sylvia Browne: Psychic Guru or Quack?". Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  35. ^ a b Randi, James (2003-05-23). "Sylvia Emerges!". James Randi's Swift. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Copy of the Randi's Goldman Sachs account balance". Skeptic Report. 2005. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ Randi, James (December 19 2003). "Browne's Back!". James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Randi, James (November 7 2003). "Sylvia's Problem Solved!". James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Randi, James (May 30, 2003). "Sylvia Wriggles Away..." James Randi Educational Foundation. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |retrieved= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)

Official

Predictions

Media/transcripts

Critical of Browne

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