Ba (Mongolic)

Ba
Ba
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Ba is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: (12), 17, 22}^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212–213}
b	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠪ‍	Initial
‍ᠪ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠪ‍	Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠪ	Final

C-V syllables^[6]^: 16
ba, be	bi	bo, bu	bö, bü	Transliteration
ᠪᠠ^[a]	ᠪᠢ^[b]	ᠪᠣ	ᠪᠥ᠋	Alone
ᠪᠠ‍	ᠪᠢ‍	ᠪᠣ‍	ᠪᠥ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠠ‍	‍ᠪᠢ‍	‍ᠪᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠪᠠ	‍ᠪᠢ	‍ᠪᠣ		Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 2]}
‑ban, ‑ben	‑bar, ‑ber	Transliteration
ᠪᠠᠨ	ᠪᠠᠷ	Whole

Transcribes Chakhar /b/;^[10]^[11] Khalkha /p/, /w/, and /∅/.^[12]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter б.^[6]^[5]
For Classical Mongolian, Latin v is used only for transcribing foreign words, so most в (v) in Mongolian Cyrillic correspond to б (b) in Classical Mongolian.^{[citation needed]}
Derived from Old Uyghur pe (𐽼).^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[13]^{: 111, 115}^[14]^: 35
Produced with B using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, b comes after ng and before p.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.^[8]^: 64^[2]^: 22
^ As in ᠪᠢ bi (би bi) 'I'.^[8]^: 101^[2]^: 22

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[5]
^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter b include:  ᠪᠠᠨ ‑ban/‑ben (reflexive), and  ᠪᠠᠷ ‑bar/‑ber (instrumental).^[9]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[10] As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.^[8]^: 64^[2]^: 22

[11] As in ᠪᠢ bi (би bi) 'I'.^[8]^: 101^[2]^: 22

[6] Scholarly transliteration.^[5]

[13] Separated suffixes starting with the letter b include:  ᠪᠠᠨ ‑ban/‑ben (reflexive), and  ᠪᠠᠷ ‑bar/‑ber (instrumental).^[9]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Skorodumova2000-7] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[8] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-9] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[7]

[12] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-14] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-15] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-16] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Clauson2005-17] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[Janhunen2006-18] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[19] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[note 1]

[6]

[a]

[b]

[note 2]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[5]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[8]

[9]

[7]