18-Oxocortisol
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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18-Oxocortisol is an endogenous steroid,[1][2] a metabolite of cortisol.[3]
Clinical significance
18-Oxocortisol has been proposed as a biomarker for certain diseases. In humans, 18-oxocortisol has no biological activity on glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors. In healthy subjects, the biosynthesis of 18-oxocortisol is low. The highest synthesis of 18-oxocortisol was found in certain cases of hypertension like in type 1 familial hyperaldosteronism (glucocorticoid-curable hyperaldosteronism) and type 3 familial hyperaldosteronism, where the adrenal glands are enlarged up to six times their normal size. Increased synthesis is also found in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas. ACTH stimulation test increases urinary excretion of 18-oxocortisol, and dexamethasone inhibits the excretion.[3]
Biosynthesis
In patients with familial hyperaldosteronism type 1, there is a genetic crossover between specific regions of the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes. This crossover results in the expression of an additional gene in the zona fasciculata, which is regulated by ACTH. The additional gene plays a role in synthesizing 18-oxocortisol by 18-hydroxylation of cortisol.[3]
See also
- Cortisol
- 18-Hydroxycortisol
- 18-Hydroxycorticosterone
- Aldosterone synthase
- Steroid 11β-hydroxylase
- 6β-Hydroxycortisol
References
- ^ Mulatero P, di Cella SM, Monticone S, Schiavone D, Manzo M, Mengozzi G, Rabbia F, Terzolo M, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Veglio F (March 2012). "18-hydroxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and its subtypes". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97 (3): 881–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2384. PMID 22238407.
- ^ Chiba H (July 2010). "18-hydroxycortisol, 18-oxocortisol, and 6beta-hydroxycortisol". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine (in Japanese). 68 (Suppl 7): 339–43. PMID 20963880.
- ^ a b c Lenders J, Williams T, Reincke M, Gomez-Sanchez C (January 2018). "18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol: is there clinical utility of these steroids?". European Journal of Endocrinology. 178 (1): R1–R9. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0563. PMC 5705277. PMID 28904009.