Talk:Ruse, Bulgaria

Untitled

Isn't Rousse the 5th largest city in Bulgaria ? Sorted by number of citizens largest cities are: Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Bourgas (a lot of people moved there in 90s because of Neftochim)

Try these websites:

http://www.radio-propaganda.com

       http://www.port.bg/en/ruse.htm

http://www.econt.com/ http://www.infotech.bg/homepages/rousse_city/danube.htm http://www.rousse.bg/connection.htm http://www/novotika.com/rousse.html http://www.obce.be/en/Newsletters/flash5-index.html#comunication http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Resort/6006/danube.htm http://www.navbul.com/bmt1.htm http://www.infotech.bg/rousse/map/index.html http://b-info.com/places/Bulgaria/news/97-04/apr23.voa http://www.port.bg/en/portrSc.gif [Plan] http://www.port.bg/en/ruse_es.gif [Plan] http://www.port.bg/en/ruse_ws.gif [Plan] http://www.port.bg/en/dunavMenu/tz_ruse_f2.gif CARLOS TIBBETTS tibbettsm001@hawaii.rr.com

Reasons for deletion

I deleted the Romanian and Turkish names for Русе (Ruse) because the Romanian name nowadays is Ruse - try the Romana link. Rusciuc was older name and it is not used now. According to me, in English Wikipedia only English and national language should be in. Give your opinion.--Valkov 17:28, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

I think they have a place in the history section, and should be mentioned there. --Cameltrader 09:37, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Rousse or Ruse

Why Rousse: Tradition and momentum — this spelling has been widely used for decades. Less ambiguity — Rousse is less likely to get mispronounced. On the other hand, ruse is a meaningful English word. Local authorities, such as the municipality and the university prefer this spelling. A readable English spelling is more important for en.wikipedia than plain transliterations or other foreign spellings, such as in German or in Turkish. Consider other cities where transliteration is inappropriate — Moscow (Moskva), Jerusalem (Yerushalayim), Munich (München), etc. Preferring common English names over official names endorsed by governments is a Wikipedia policy (Wikipedia:Naming_policy_poll#Summary, Wikipedia:Naming_policy_poll/FAQ). Kiev/Kyiv, Calcutta/Kolkata, and Mecca/Makkah follow this policy. Googling for "Rousse Bulgaria" yields more than twice as much results as "Ruse Bulgaria" (as of September 2006). Note, that both "Rousse" and "Ruse" have other meanings, so the vanilla searches ([1] [[2]) only provide a bare majority for the former.

Why Ruse: It's the official spelling of the Bulgarian government [3], and present Wikipedia policy to use this transliteration (Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Cyrillic)#Bulgarian, Romanization_of_Bulgarian). Major encyclopedias prefer the government-endorsed spelling It's how it's spelled on the sign at the city limit (also valid for Rousse) and on all road signs leading to the city Uniformity through letter-by-letter transliteration BAN has recently created a database which gives Ruse when queried.

Hi. Why are we using "Rousse" as the English name. The Bulgarian name is Ruse (as is the Romanian name). Also, Ruse tends to be used quite commonly in English, and is probably the preferred version in modern English. Rousse sounds quite archaic and odd, even for English speakers. Ronline ✉ 12:11, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Yes, Ruse is the proper transliteration, while Rousse is a leftover from some old French-influenced transliteration attempts (like Bourgas and Shoumen). I'm personally for Ruse, Bulgaria, but Rousse also seems to be quite popular, especially among official sites of the city and its institutions, so I'm open to debate. → Тодор Божинов / Todor Bozhinov → 17:02, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Hmmm, I have been to the municipality's website and, yes, the English version endorsed by them is "Rousse". So, in a way, this can be seen as the official English version. On the other hand, a Google search of "ruse, bulgaria" and "rousse, bulgaria" yields similar results, with "Ruse" tending to be used more by the travel industry. I still think that the name Rousse sounds very artificial (as does Bourgas and Shoumen). In Romania, a lot of these archaic names ("Rumania", "Krajova", "Bistritz" and "Jassy") were phased out of English usage after WWII and are currently very little used. Ronline ✉ 01:43, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

A conversation moved from my talk page — here Todor is asking me (a newcomer) about the spelling dilemma:

Zdrasti Hello Todor,

I'm writing in English so that others can understand us. Glad to hear from someone with so many contributions to articles related to Bulgaria, I was also thinking about contacting you.

As for Rousse - yes, I think that should be the right spelling. Don't ask me why. That's the tradition, I studied in a language school there, and we've always spelt it like that. It's probably a relict from the French influence in the beginning of the century (the French spelling is in fact Roussé). You can see it in most local companies' logos, and on the traffic signs. A less frequently used spelling is the (German) Russe, whereas Ruse is just a formal transliteration, and is rarely used in translations. I also believe Rousse is more likely to be pronounced correctly by an English speaker (I could be wrong). The only reason we might avoid changing names related to the "Ruse oblast (province)" is that its web site is ruse.bg - not a serious argument IMO. The municipality's web site is, of course, rousse.bg. I find the reasoning above not strong enough, so I decided not to clutter the talk page — it looks biased towards the Rousse spelling anyway.

I am mainly contributing to locally significant articles (er, though I currently live in Sofia), but don't think I am not willing to help Portal:Bulgaria in general, or whatever I take interest in. Unfortunately, my spare time will soon become rather limited.

Thanks for mentioning the "Romanization", I'll try to follow it.

--Cameltrader 15:29, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I see... Rousse is as far as I know the only of these old French-influenced transliterations that has survived and is still widely in use. Then, if it's like that, we'll leave the article named Rousse, although we might organize a discussion and straw poll in the future to have some external feedback and see what the community thinks. Spare time is always an issue, unfortunately, but I hope you'd continue to help actively — we certainly need more editors contributing to Bulgaria-related articles. You can add your name to Wikipedia:WikiProject Bulgaria#Participants if you like, it's just an informal listing of users generally contributing to the topic, you won't obliged to do anything else :) Todor→Bozhinov 18:39, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. Please let me know if you start the poll, so that I can organize and publish my pros and cons before everyone votes blindly. As you saw above, I'm moderately biased to the Rousse spelling. Btw, other cities do have the same problem — I don't believe citizens of Nesebar/Nessebar will let the s be pronounced [z]; Tarnovo looks more weird and error-prone than Turnovo; consider also: Shumen/Shoumen (even Schoumen) and Burgas/Bourgas. And Sandanski is known as St Dancekey (just joking). It's not about uniformity. Even if we (wikipedians) and an official institution enforce straightforward transliteration, I'm sure many will still use the traditional spelling(s), and it will remain a mess for long. --Cameltrader 13:30, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

I usually prefer using a uniform transliteration scheme, even if it has serious flaws like the current official one. My best choice is the Serbo-Crotian-and-Romanian-influenced scheme (ž, š, č, ǎ, j, etc.), since ъ can be only properly presented using diacritics, and I don't particularly like the way letters like ж, ш and ч are transliterated using two letters (zh, sh, ch). But that's just my opinion.

Will notify you in case I decide to organize the straw poll. Todor→Bozhinov 14:25, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

I tried to sort out the reasons for which spelling to choose and I put them in a table at the beginning of this section. Feel free to add more. After some research, I am now strongly convinced that Rousse is more appropriate. --Cameltrader 12:05, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

The Wikipedia policy for transliteration of Bulgarian is that the official Bulgarian transliteration is used (unless there is a conventional English spelling, which apparently there isn't, or it concerns a linguistic article), so it's Ruse until after a new consensus has been reached about transliteration on the talk page of Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Cyrillic). Also, have a look at the sign at the city limit and see what's written there below the Cyrillic (unless of course the old signs in Cyrillic only haven't been stolen and replaced yet :-). Preslav 17:48, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Which government policy? Bulgarian government may recommend transliteration, but English spelling is beyond their jurisdiction. And I'll check your argument about Wikipedia's policy. Which road sign? I clearly remember seeing a relatively new road sign spelt "Rousse", I should even have a picture of it, but I cannot provide it now — it remained on another PC, so maybe later this week... I'm afraid the article will have to stay as is, before we both do some more research. I hope your motivation to oppose is not a blind "let's make them all look the same" approach. To me, the spelling issue is about preserving tradition. Sure, I could be wrong. --Cameltrader 20:03, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Ladies and gentlemen,

Here is the official government policy which is obligatory as of 2006. http://transliteration.mdaar.government.bg/trans.php It is true that local residents of Ruse are bound to continue to use mostly the old spelling Rousse, mainly due to tradition, or even inertia, for years to come. What is more, they are proud people who are hard to subdue and who love their city and its traditions. Still, this obstinacy has led to nothing but ambiguity since as many as four different spelling variants exist - Rousse, Ruse, Russe, Rouse. This can be ploblematic in official documents, maps, translations, etc. Therefore, I welcome the efforts to make it unified and I am sure the Ruse spelling will gradually sink in, regardless of die-hard traditionalists. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Elshitsa (talk • contribs) 20:07, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

I must admit I've never been to Ruse, but I travel regularly from Sofia to Pleven and meet nothing but "Ruse" signposts on the way so I assumed this would continue all the way to the city limit. The municipality does seem to have a preference for "Rousse", though, but strictly speaking this is illegal according to the site of the Ministry of State Administration and Administrative Reform, which says that "The transliteration of the names of geographical objects and the names of the objects in the modern city space has an obligatory character. The proposed transliteration of the names of people has an optional character."[4] Whether the English Wikipedia should follow the official Bulgarian transliteration is open for discussion, though. What is important is that someone who wants to know more about the city can find the information he is looking for; if its under "Ruse" or "Rousse" is insignificant to me. Preslav 17:55, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Right. So we are criminals then, we who break the law and can't read road signs? I'm scared, I just heard a police car pass by :) "Comprehensible Bulgaria" is a relatively new effort, as far as I know, and BAN's DB is part of it, so basically they are the same thing. I believe that'll pass after we join the EU, no matter which spelling they favour. Yes, unfortunately it's a mess, and will probably stay this way. We should have had this discussion a hundred years ago. And (you may criticize me) I think the Serbs once made a better choice — writing "и тако", "i vako".

I do have a bias, based on the way most English-speaking people from Ruse/Rousse say it should be spelt, you don't seem to really care, there's a redirect, so I'd prefer not to waste time on this now. It is hard to influence the way people spell, even if BAN scientists get payed as much as a taxi driver earns. I'm sure there is space for better reasoning here (e.g. do research, ask teachers of English, cite a law or prove actual usage) for both opinions. --Cameltrader 20:04, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

One of the few road signs which use the Rousse spelling, at Obraztsov Chiflik, near the exit to Varna

I travelled the Sofia-Rousse route today, and I paid some attention to the road signs. Indeed, all signs on the Hemus highway read Ruse, and until Pleven I could only spot two Russe-s near Strelkite — the place where the road splits into two: to Rousse and to Varna. At Pleven however, the majority of signs turns into Russe, and their appearance changes from new green boards, to older blue boards (I mean most of them). I counted a dozen of Russe-s near Pleven and Obnova. This goes all the way to near Byala, where segments of Ruse-s remind of the recent road reconstruction. What surprised me, was that the first Rousse appeared (incorrectly) in the name "Roussenski Lom" (referring Rusenski Lom, a river; rusenski is a Bulgarian adjective, not a translatable name). Then comes the one at the city limit, which obviously follows the municipality's preference. I handn't really paid much attention to that before, except knowing that road signs are spelt differently, and I have no observation of what the state is on roads other than the road to Sofia, but I was too "short-sighted" to notice that the Rousse signs are only in the proximity of the city... Nevertheless, here it's Rousse, and I give you, as promised, my old picture of another city exit — the one near Obraztsov Chiflik.

So, to sum up, Russe-s are the older signs; Rousse-s are, I believe, the result of the municipality's effort to move them from German to English; Ruse-s are the government's efforts to use uniform transliteration. Phew, that's it. --Cameltrader 23:32, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

I was wrong, wrong, wrong... In my previous message I said "[it] obviously follows the municipality's preference" (meaning Rousse) about the sign at the city limit, though I missed it this time. I said that because I'd seen the sign about half a year ago (it was Rousse and was vandalized with the name of some football team), but yesterday I saw it's been replaced with Ruse. So, Preslav, your argument about the road signs is correct: no road sign (I saw) between Rousse and Sofia is Rousse. It would be interesting to e-mail the municipality and get their opinion on the matter... --Cameltrader 04:35, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

E-mailing the municipality — now that is a great idea, I'd be happy to hear what they think about this issue and how they would resolve it. Todor→Bozhinov 11:30, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Sent. --Cameltrader 21:12, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

No reply yet. --Cameltrader 10:42, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

It won't happen this way... I don't know if they chose to remain silent or just don't check their email. If anybody there can make a face-to-face contact with a municipality representative, please do. --Cameltrader 09:04, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

LOL, I am reading this debate from 3 years ago and I don't understand why all of it was necessary at all. I am from Ruse myself and I find it ridiculous to even think of spelling it "Rousse". The fact that the website of the municipality once used to have it that way was in no way indicative of it being "the official English version" or anytning like that. It was indicative of the fact they just didn't care cause they apparently had more important things to do than fixing the spelling of the name of their own city. But I am happy to see that even they have come to their senses and started thinking about such "little unimportant details", so no one ever spells it that stupid way any more. Couldn't you people see from the very beginning that "Rousse" was nothing more than the French spelling? It was imposed upon the city by the pre-1989 totalitarian communist state government - they prefered French-speaking to English-speaking influence in Bulgaria, in order to minimize the ties to the USA (the arch-enemy), so they even issued all passports with people's names printed in 3 languages - Bulgarian, Russian and French, but not English! --Christomir (talk) 03:30, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

Ruzo

The interwiki for the Ido artificial language looks wrong. I believe ruzo means a dirty trick, a ruse. If anyone is an expert, please help. --Cameltrader 18:45, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

I remove the Ido language interwiki, see io:User_talk:Joao_Xavier#"Ruzo". --Cameltrader 10:27, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Nuke plant in Ruse

(And yes, you can see my preference for spelling the name)

Isn't there a nuclear power plant in or near Ruse? And shouldn't this be mentioned in the article? +ILike2BeAnonymous 19:23, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Not exactly... our only active nuclear plant, the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, is quite a lot to the west, and the Belene Nuclear Power Plant, construction of which is to begin soon, is somewhat closer, but still not really near. In fact, I think the Romanian nuclear plant in Cernavodă is the closest currently active one. All three are situated on the Danube, because it is used to supply them with nuclear fuel. Todor→Bozhinov 19:34, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Reasons for deleting a statement about pollution

I deleted the text "Rousse is being threatened by considerable air pollution" and the links (all of them in Bulgarian):

• http://standartnews.com/archive/2002/04/20/business/index.htm
• http://www.brjag.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2957&Itemid=2
• http://www.actualno.com/news_66780.html

because it puts undue weight to a hardly existing problem. The first link dates back to 2002, and since then measures have been implemented to reduce pollution, including eco-filters and digital monitoring (just google for "ТЕЦ Русе" and scan the first dozen of results).^{[5] [6] [7]} The second link describes a perceived "pollution" because of trash and automobile tyres set on fire. The third link mentions a local (perhaps several hundred meters) and brief leakage of ammonia without serious consequences.

It looks that the above statement was part of a campaign by User:Groser to prove that all cities in Bulgaria face ecological problems along with Stara Zagora.^{[8] [9] [10]} In my view, more weight should be given to the long-term trans-border pollution by a Giurgiu-based factory during the Communist rule of Bulgaria, and to the events which led to the 1989 coup d'état. The current environmental threat is disproportional to that. --Cameltrader 18:20, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Az sam protiv da dobavqm takiva negativni neshta za gradovete, no TodorBojinov me prinudi. Ne znam kakva zloba tai kam Stara Zagora, no tipichno po balkanski mantalitet se opitva da ocherni vsichko hubavo. Po negovo vina beshe zakliuchena statijata. Nadjavam se skoro da bade otvorena za redaktirane i otnovo da bade mahnata nevjarnata informacija, togava az lichno shte mahna informatsijata za obgazjavane ot vsichki gradove. No trjabva da ima balans v statiite. Vidno e, che vav vsicki golemi industrialni gradove ima zamarsjavane na vazduha. Ne moje edin grad da bade ochernen s gnusna statija, a v sahtoto vreme mnogo po-zamarsen grad kato Ruse, da ne se spomene i duma. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Groser (talk • contribs)

Tires set on fire have nothing to do with constant air pollution. It's not our fault that Stara Zagora has serious ecological problems. Vandalizing this page will not help you stop the pollution of your town.--Botam 13:14, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Name

There are no reasons for Romanian name, so please stop. --Gligan (talk) 17:10, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

No way. There is very important to have alternative Romanian names. Anton Tudor (talk) 17:14, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

HAHAHA It is important to have the Bulgarian name for Bucharest too, what would you say? And what do u mean with "no way" that you can't give reasons? Of course you can't because there are none. --Gligan (talk) 17:32, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Don't say HAHAHA, it means you have dull explanation or better said no explanation for non inclusion of Romanian alternative names. You prove to be nationalistic and anti-turkish person. Anton Tudor (talk) 17:33, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Easy: never been in Romania. Now you tell me reasons to include romanian name. --Gligan (talk) 17:36, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

And you prove to be anti-Bulgarian person. --Gligan (talk) 17:37, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Not at all. But you really prove to be anti-Romanian person. Anton Tudor (talk) 17:40, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

And how exactly??? --Gligan (talk) 17:42, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Anton, could you give your reasons why the Romanian names are relevant? --Cameltrader (talk) 17:39, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

As per Wikipedia:Naming conventions name conventions. Anton Tudor (talk) 17:43, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Cite them here.--Gligan (talk) 17:44, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

No, you have to prove that I can't. Anton Tudor (talk) 17:45, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

You are the one who has to give reasons.--Gligan (talk) 17:47, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

NO, because you can't prove not to include. Go and learn to exams.Anton Tudor (talk) 17:49, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

I prefer to fail the exams than to have you vandalise Bulgarian articles. Stop it. --Gligan (talk) 17:51, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

So, you as a poor wage GDP bulgar will fail 2 times in front of a rich Romanian. First the names and second the exams. Bad choice of you.Anton Tudor (talk) 17:53, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Are you trying to insult me? --Gligan (talk) 17:55, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Please stop. Anton, you are doing the change, so you have to provide the reasons for including non-native names. If you don't, of course your edit will be reverted. Gligan, I think the recommended behaviour in such cases is to wait for a certain period for the edit war to cool down, then revert (unless the edit is clearly explained and substantiated), and maybe warn the user and report the abuse. --Cameltrader (talk) 18:07, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

I think that judging from Anton's comments reporting abuse and personal attacks would be the wisest thing. --Laveol ^T 21:29, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Name (again)

'Ruse' in an early application of the Streamlined System.

I'd like to give another go of the naming issue. We all know the proper transliteration of the name is "Ruse" and it is seen as such by all BG authorities, which gives it kinda official status. And official status is what we aim for. Anyone having anything against a "Ruse" rename? --Laveol ^T 15:49, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Okay with me. After all, that's been my recorded opinion for some 19 years now, as seen from the picture on the right. Apcbg (talk) 21:21, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

I've also always supported that generally. The only problem is that it would have to be Ruse, Bulgaria because ruse is a generic English word and it has a couple of other meanings in addition. Otherwise, I'm all for dropping that old-fashioned spelling. Todor→Bozhinov 21:33, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Not necessarily I reckon; none of the other articles is titled just 'Ruse' (and anyway the city is more important than any existing or possible other meanings/articles), so we could use that name with a standard note "For other meanings see Ruse (disambiguation)" inserted. Apcbg (talk) 21:59, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Count me in! In fact, the occasion of the Transliteration Law becoming effective [11] would be a good one to make the translation used in it an official one recommended for Wikipedia (here). We should wait for Cameltrader's opinion, though (going to leave a message on his talk). Preslav (talk) 18:19, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Cameltrader didn't react, so shall we go for it and move the page to Ruse, Bulgaria? Preslav (talk) 05:43, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

I'd say we should go ahead. We'll need some bot help for all the Rousse links and redirects though. Todor→Bozhinov 06:58, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

I moved the page and repaired redirects to it. There are plenty of Rousse's left to repair... Preslav (talk) 15:08, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Architecture in Rousse

The article states: Rousse is known for its 19th- and 20th-century Neo-Baroque and Neo-Rococo architecture. However, the link neo-rococo goes to rococo. The rococostyle was to my knowledge of the 18th century. Can anyone that knows Rousse tell me what is the correct category? I'm going to Rousse in September, but surely I would like to be prepared (and make sure that Wikipedia is correct)! Trygve W Nodeland (talk) 09:47, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Well, we cannot classify late-19th century architecture simply as Rococo because that style belongs to the 18th century. Late 19th-century architecture in Rousse and many other Bulgarian cities emulates Western and Central European architecture of prior centuries, i.e. it belongs to the revival styles: Neoclassicism, Neo-Baroque and such. I hope you have some great time in Rousse! If you need any advice do drop a line over at WikiProject Bulgaria, we have some contributors from the city who might be able to provide you with some valuable information :) Todor→Bozhinov 10:27, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Rousse

What about moving Rousse Province as well? There is a current discussion about renaming related categories to use Ruse. Occuli (talk) 16:22, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Of course, everything should be moved to Ruse now. Todor→Bozhinov 21:57, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Category Divided Cities

Dear contributors, we should discuss adding this article to the category "Divided Cities". This categorization would refer to the ~6€ per car per crossing toll tax instituted by the Bulgarian and Romanian governments at the Friendship Bridge that terminates within the city limits of Ruse and very close to the city limits of Giurgiu. As a citizen of Ruse, I do not feel going to Giurgiu as going to another city but I do feel that the 12€ in toll taxes (back and forth) limit my freedom of movement. --TAfricanski (talk) 15:08, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

I agree that this toll is scandalous, but the two cities have never been considered a single city which was divided by a national border, which is the criteria for inclusion in this category. Kostja (talk) 12:43, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion

The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion:

• Prirodonauchen-muzei-ruse2.jpg

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:52, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

Name: Finnish etymology?

The article claims that the name, Ruse, may be derived from the Finnish word 'ruskea', which is said to mean 'blonde'. Nevertheless, 'ruskea' actually means 'brown' in modern Finnish, and in the past 'ruskea' has also referred to 'reddish brown' or 'red'. The root of the word 'ruskea' may be indigenous to the Uralic languages, but loan etymologies from Baltic, Slavic and Germanic sources have also been proposed, so it entirely is possible that the name, Ruse, could be derived from an Indo-European language instead. 81.175.145.78 (talk) 21:30, 21 February 2022 (UTC)