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Johann Hari

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Johann Hari
Hari in 2011
Born
Johann Eduard Hari

(1979-01-21) 21 January 1979 (age 45)
Glasgow, Scotland
Citizenship
  • United Kingdom
  • Switzerland
Alma materKing's College, Cambridge
Occupation
  • Writer
Notable workChasing the Scream
Websitejohannhari.com

Johann Eduard Hari (born 21 January 1979) is a Scottish writer and journalist who wrote for The Independent and The Huffington Post. In 2011, Hari was suspended from The Independent and later resigned, after admitting to plagiarism and fabrications dating back to 2001 and making malicious edits to the Wikipedia pages of journalists who had criticised his conduct.[1][2] He has since written books on the topics of depression, the war on drugs, the effect of technology on attention span, and anti-obesity medication which have attracted criticism for inaccuracies and misrepresentation.

Early life

Hari was born in Glasgow, Scotland to a Scottish mother and Swiss father,[1] before his family relocated to London when he was an infant.[3] Hari states he was physically abused in his childhood while his father was away and his mother was ill.[4]

He attended the John Lyon School, an independent school affiliated with Harrow, and then Woodhouse College, a state sixth form in Finchley.[5] Hari graduated from King's College, Cambridge in 2001 with a double first in social and political sciences.[6]

Early career

In 2000, Hari was joint winner of The Times Student News Journalist of the Year award for his work on the Cambridge student newspaper, Varsity.

After university, he joined the New Statesman, where he worked between 2001 and 2003, and then wrote two columns a week for The Independent. At the 2003 Press Gazette Awards, he won Young Journalist of the Year.[7] A play by Hari, Going Down in History, was performed at the Garage Theatre in Edinburgh, and his book God Save the Queen? was published by Icon Books in 2002.[7]

Hari supported the Iraq War.[8] In 2005, Hari wrote an article in The Independent entitled "Pinter does not deserve the Nobel Prize", arguing that Harold Pinter, due to a misguided and misinformed anti-imperialist and anti-war stance, should not have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Pinter's official, authorised biographer, Michael Billington, commented that Hari "dismissed (Pinter's) Lecture in advance [of its broadcast on Channel 4 in the UK] as a 'rant' and falsely claimed that Pinter would have refused to resist Hitler."[citation needed] In addition to being a columnist for The Independent, Hari's work also appeared in The Huffington Post, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, The Nation, Le Monde, El País, The Sydney Morning Herald, and Haaretz, and he reported from locations around the world, such as Congo and Venezuela.[9] He appeared regularly as an arts critic on the BBC Two programme The Review Show and was a book critic for Slate. In 2009, he was named by The Daily Telegraph as one of the most influential people on the left in Britain.[10]

2011 plagiarism, fabrication and misconduct scandal

Plagiarism

In June 2011, bloggers at Deterritorial Support Group, as well as Yahoo! Ireland editor Brian Whelan, asserted that Hari had plagiarised material published in other interviews and writings by his interview subjects.[11][12][13] For example, a 2009 interview with Afghan women's rights activist Malalai Joya included quotations from her book Raising My Voice in a manner that made them appear as if spoken directly to Hari.[14] A piece entitled "How Multiculturalism Is Betraying Women" which Hari submitted when entering the Orwell Prize was plagiarised from Der Spiegel.[15]

Hari initially denied any wrongdoing, stating that the unattributed quotes were for clarification and did not present someone else's thoughts as his own.[16][17] However, he later said that his behaviour was "completely wrong" and that "when I interviewed people, I often presented things that had been said to other journalists or had been written in books as if they had been said to me, which was not truthful".[18] Hari was suspended for two months from The Independent[19][2] and in January 2012 it was announced that he was leaving the newspaper.[20]

The Media Standards Trust instructed the council of the Orwell Prize, who had given their 2008 prize to Hari, to examine the allegations.[21][22] The council concluded that "the article contained inaccuracies and conflated different parts of someone else's story" and did not meet the standards of Orwell Prize-winning journalism.[23][24] Hari returned the prize,[25] though he did not return the prize money of £2,000.[26] He later offered to repay the sum, but Political Quarterly, which had paid the prize money, instead invited him to make a donation to English PEN, of which George Orwell had been a member. Hari arranged with English PEN to make a donation equal to the value of the prize, to be paid in installments when he returned to work at The Independent, but he did not return to work there.[27]

Fabrication and misrepresentation

In addition to plagiarism, Hari was found to have fabricated elements of stories.[28] In one of the stories for which he won the Orwell Prize, he reported on atrocities in the Central African Republic, stating that French soldiers told him that "Children would bring us the severed heads of their parents and scream for help, but our orders were not to help them." However, an NGO worker who translated for Hari said that the quotation was invented and that Hari exaggerated the extent of the devastation in the CAR.[29][30] In his apology after his plagiarism was exposed, Hari said that other staff of the NGO had supported his version of events.[31][32]

In an article about military robots, Hari falsely claimed that former Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi was attacked by a factory robot and was nearly killed.[33][34][35] Hari falsely claimed that a large globe erected for the Copenhagen climate summit was "covered with corporate logos" for McDonald's and Carlsberg, with "the Coke brand ... stamped over Africa".[35] Private Eye's Hackwatch column also suggested that he pretended to have used the drug ecstasy and misrepresented a two-week package tour in Iraq as a one-month research visit, in order to bolster support for the Iraq war by stating that Iraqi civilians he spoke to were in favour of an invasion.[36]

While Hari was working at the New Statesman, the magazine's deputy editor, Cristina Odone, doubted the authenticity of quotations in a story he wrote. When she asked to see his notebooks, he said that he had lost them. She also found out that Hari had been fired from a position at the Cambridge student newspaper for allegedly unethical behaviour. Odone subsequently found that her Wikipedia entry had been altered by Hari, using his sock puppet account of "David Rose", to falsely accuse her of homophobia and anti-Semitism.[37]

Hari has been accused of misrepresenting writing by George Galloway, Eric Hobsbawm, Nick Cohen and Noam Chomsky.[38][35]

Malicious editing of Wikipedia

In September 2011, Hari admitted that he had edited articles on Wikipedia about himself and journalists with whom he had had disputes. Using a sock puppet account under the name "David r from meth productions", he added false and defamatory claims to articles about journalists including Nick Cohen, Cristina Odone, Francis Wheen, Andrew Roberts, Niall Ferguson[39] and Oliver Kamm,[40] and edited the article about himself "to make him seem one of the essential writers of our times".[39]

In July 2011, Cohen wrote about the suspicious Wikipedia editing in The Spectator,[39] prompting the New Statesman journalist David Allen Green to publish a blog post collecting evidence.[41] Hari used the fake identity "David Rose" to pretend to be a subeditor who was qualified in environmental science, and David Allen Green noticed that an 'methuselahproductions' email address associated with the David Rose identity had also been used to post incest erotica. [42][43] [44]

This led to an investigation by the Wikipedia community and "David Rose" was blocked from Wikipedia.[41] Hari published an apology in The Independent, admitting that he had been "David Rose" and writing: "I edited the entries of people I had clashed with in ways that were juvenile or malicious: I called one of them anti-Semitic and homophobic, and the other a drunk. I am mortified to have done this, because it breaches the most basic ethical rule: don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. I apologise to the latter group unreservedly and totally."[45]

Use of libel law to suppress criticism

Hari used threats of suing for libel to prevent critics revealing his misrepresentations.[46] British bloggers criticised his critique of Nick Cohen's What's Left: How Liberals Lost Their Way for factual and interpretive errors. Hari used libel law against a blogger who wrote that "a reputation for making things up should spell career death", leading to the blogger removing the post in question.[38]

Later career

Chasing the Scream (2015)

Main article: Chasing the Scream

Hari's book about drugs, Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs, was published in 2015.[47][48] Hari also gave a TED Talk on the subject that same year. Hari argued that most addictions are functional responses to experiences and a lack of healthy supportive relationships, rather than a simple biological need for a particular substance.[49]

Lost Connections (2018)

In January 2018, Hari's book Lost Connections, which deals with depression and anxiety, was published, with Hari citing his childhood issues, career crisis, and experiences with antidepressants and psychotherapy as fuelling his curiosity in the subject. Kirkus Reviews praised the book.[50]

Stolen Focus (2022)

In January 2022, Hari published a book called Stolen Focus: Why You Can't Pay Attention, arguing that elements of modern lifestyles, including social media, are "destroying our ability to concentrate".[51] The book debuted at number seven on The New York Times nonfiction best-seller list for the week ending 12 February 2022.[52]

Magic Pill (2024)

Magic Pill: The Extraordinary Benefits and Disturbing Risks of the New Weight Loss Drugs, Hari's first-person account of taking the weight loss drug semaglutide, was published in 2024.[53] Private Eye magazine lambasted Hari's book for its false claims and dubious references. [54]

Criticism of inaccuracy and misrepresentation in books

Due to the previous scandals, Hari put the audio of some interviews conducted for Chasing the Scream online. Writer Jeremy Duns criticised instances where quotes were inaccurately transcribed or misrepresented, stating that out of a sample of dozens of clips, "in almost all cases, words in quotes had been changed or omitted without being noted, often for no apparent purpose, but in several cases to subtly change the narrative."[55][56] In a review for New Matilda, Michael Brull expressed reservations about Hari's citational practices and highlighted contradictions between the narrative in Chasing the Scream and a 2009 article by Hari.[57]

The journalist Zoe Stavri criticised Lost Connections for a lack of citations for key claims like "between 65 and 80% of people on antidepressants are depressed again within a year", reliance on the work of a single researcher, treating research on a single class of antidepressants as if it applies to all antidepressants, and conflating stress and depression.[58][59] The psychologist and science writer Stuart Ritchie criticised Hari for repeatedly stating that "between 65 and 80% of people on antidepressants are depressed again within a year" without a clear citation. He traced the source to a pop science book rather than a review of the scientific literature.[60]

Ritchie and the neuroscientist Dean Burnett both criticised Stolen Focus for failing to cite strong evidence for the existence of shrinking attention spans, as well as for presenting mainstream psychological concepts as niche ideas that Hari had discovered.[61] Writer/broadcaster Matthew Sweet investigated some of the statements in the book and found that Hari had failed to cite the primary sources for some studies, and misrepresented the results of studies that suggested multitasking could have benefits in certain conditions.[62][63]

Restaurant critic Jay Rayner criticised Hari for incorrectly stating, in Magic Pill, that Rayner had taken Ozempic (semaglutide), which had "robbed him of his pleasure in food" in even "great restaurants in Paris" as a result. Rayner stated this was "utter bollocks"[64] – he had written in The Observer that he would not take semaglutide, because "being a big man who loves his dinner is a profound part of me". He also did not make any mention of Paris.[65] Hari apologised on X,[66] saying that he had confused the article by Rayner with an article by Leila Latif in the same paper,[67] although Latif's appetite loss was not caused by semaglutide but a different medication.[68]

Personal life

Hari is gay.[69][70] In a 2002 article, he stated that he had had sex with men who were members of homophobic far-right and Islamist groups.[71]

Awards

See also

Books

  • Johann Hari (2002). God Save the Queen?. Icon Books. ISBN 978-1-84046-401-6.
  • Johann Hari (2015). Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-890-2.
  • Johann Hari (2018). Lost Connections: Uncovering the Real Causes of Depression – and the Unexpected Solutions. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-63286-830-5.
  • Johann Hari (2021). Stolen Focus: Why You Can't Pay Attention. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-5266-2022-4.
  • Johann Hari (2024). Magic Pill: The Extraordinary Benefits and Disturbing Risks of the New Weight Loss Drugs. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-52667015.

References

  1. ^ a b "Johann Hari: 'I failed badly. When you harm people, you should shut up, go away and reflect on what happened'". amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b Deans, Jason (13 July 2011). "Journalist suspended over plagiarism row". The Guardian. p. 10. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  3. ^ "About the Author". Chasing The Scream. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  4. ^ Anthony, Andrew (7 January 2018). "Johann Hari: 'I was afraid to dismantle the story about depression and anxiety'". The Observer.
  5. ^ Hari, Johann. "A simple lesson on schools: Money works". Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
  6. ^ Adkins, T. S.; Bulmer, N. S. D.; Jones, P. M.; Langley, H. C. (2018). A Register of Admissions to King's College Cambridge, 1934–2010. King's College Cambridge. p. 988.
  7. ^ a b Spanner, Huw (November 2004). "Let The Fiery Columns Glow". Third Way Magazine. pp. 16–19.
  8. ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/johann-hari/the-case-for-war-we-must-fight-to-end-the-iraqis-suffering-119054.html
  9. ^ Hari, Johann (2015). Chasing The Scream. Bloomsbury USA, New York. p. 180.
  10. ^ Dale, Iain; Brivati, Brian (27 September 2009). "Top 100 most influential Left-wingers: 100-51". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  11. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (28 June 2011). "Johann Hari denies these accusations of plagiarism". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
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  44. ^ https://www.nifty.org/nifty/gay/incest/little-brother-learned-to-be-a-whore
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