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Tropical cyclones in 2024

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Tropical cyclones in 2024
Year boundaries
First systemAnggrek
FormedJanuary 10, 2024
Strongest system
NameDjoungou
Lowest pressure922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg
Longest lasting system
Name05F
Duration29 days
Year statistics
Total systems34 (1 unofficial)
Named systems23 (1 unofficial)
Total fatalities146 (3)
Total damage$624.88 million (2024 USD)
Related articles
Other years
2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026
Satellite photo of the five tropical cyclones worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale during 2024, from Anggrek in January to Olga in April. Among them, Djoungou (second one) was the most intense with a minimum central pressure of 922 hPa.

In 2024, tropical cyclones will form in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). So far, thirty systems have formed, with nineteen of them being named. The most intense storm of the year so far is Djoungou, with a minimum pressure of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg).[citation needed] Among this year's systems, so far, five have intensified into major tropical cyclones, with no tropical cyclones intensifying into Category 5 tropical cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2024 (seven basins combined) so far, as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU), is 131.7 units overall.[citation needed]

Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers around the world, which are designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These centers are: National Hurricane Center (NHC), Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service (PNGNWS), Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), and New Zealand's MetService. Unofficial, but still notable, warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

After the New Year, the MJO's amplitude weakened, with its eastward propagation slowing down due to the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and an equatorial Rossby wave. Despite that, the MJO briefly caused El Niño-like wind anomalies to become easterly at the Date Line. There was also a significant increase in convection across the eastern Indian Ocean in January as the Dipole began weakening.[1] However, in the middle of January, the MJO began steadily intensifying, enhancing convection across the Maritime Continent. Despite that, intra-seasonal activity persevered,[2] although the MJO produced convection in the Western Pacific.[3] In Australia, the monsoonal trough's arrival was delayed until January 10, possibly due to the El Niño event.[4] On April 16, the dominant El Niño event ended.[5]

Summary

Tropical Storm Alberto (2024)Cyclone RemalTyphoon Ewiniar (2024)Cyclone KirrilyTropical Storm Alvarotropical cyclone basins

North Atlantic Ocean

Main article: 2024 Atlantic hurricane season

Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans

Main article: 2024 Pacific hurricane season

Western Pacific Ocean

Main article: 2024 Pacific typhoon season

North Indian Ocean

Main article: 2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

After months of inactivity, on 21 May, a low-pressure area started to develop due to an Upper-air circulation over the Bay of Bengal. The LPA got strengthened by favourable conditions like Rossby waves, Madden–Julian oscillation and beginning of the Monsoonal flow in the Indian Ocean. Hence, IMD (India Meteorological Department) began monitoring the cyclonic circulation. Later that day, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also began tracking the system, nothing that the system could become a monsoon depression. On 23 May, the IMD upgraded the system to a well-marked low, stating that it was rapidly coalescing. The system then intensified into a depression (BOB 01/Invest 99B) on 24 May. Owing to favourable conditions and high Sea surface temperature over Northern Bay of Bengal, the depression intensified into a cyclone named Remal.

South-West Indian Ocean

January - June

Main article: 2023–24 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The first system of the season, Tropical Storm Alvaro, formed on December 30, 2023 and persisted into 2024. Before becoming post-tropical on January 3,[6] it made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar,[7] killing nineteen people. After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Belal formed on January 11.[8] severely affecting Mauritius and Réunion, with the latter suffering the brunt of the storm, causing six deaths in the process.[9][10] On January 22, Moderate Tropical Storm Candice formed.[11] Eight days later, Tropical Depression 05 formed.[12]

Australian Region

January - June

Main article: 2023–24 Australian region cyclone season

After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Anggrek would form northwest of the Cocos Islands on January 10.[13] The next day, Tropical Low 03U would form in the southern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf.[14] The day after that, Tropical Cyclone Kirrily would form.[15] On 30 January, Subtropical Low 06U formed.

South Pacific Ocean

January - June

Main article: 2023–24 South Pacific cyclone season

After a significant lull in activity, Tropical Disturbance 04F formed on January 25 and dissipated the next day.[16] On February 1, 06U entered the South Pacific basin and was designated 05F by the FMS.[17] After the system exited to the Australian region and struggled against moderate wind shear, 05F re-entered on February 7 and JTWC designated it tropical storm 12P.[18] On February 3, the FMS designated 06F and was later named Nat on February 5. The FMS upgraded Nat to a Category 2 tropical cyclone the next day before wind shear led to the system's demise.[19] Simultaneously, Tropical Disturbance 07F formed on February 5 before dissipating.[20] 08F quickly developed and the FMS named Osai on February 7 before an increase in wind shear caused the storm to dissipate.[21] On February 11, 09F developed and was short-lived due to high wind shear. On February 14, the FMS designated 10F and soon the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 15P. However, 10F was short-lived due to increasing wind shear.[22]

South Atlantic Ocean

Main article: South Atlantic tropical cyclone

On February 16, the CHM stated that a subtropical depression had formed in the Rio de Janeiro basin.[23] Two days later, the cyclone acquired tropical characteristics and became a tropical depression. In the early hours of 19 February, the depression developed into a tropical storm, thus receiving the name Akará.

Systems

January

Cyclone Anggrek

January was slightly active featuring eight systems forming with four of them being named.[24] Tropical Storm Alvaro from the South-West Indian Ocean persisted into 2024 and made landfall in Madagascar, killing nineteen and causing some damages. Cyclone Belal affected Reunion and Mauritius, causing six fatalities. In the Australian region, Cyclone Kirrily affected Queensland while Cyclone Anggrek formed in the basin, entered the South-West Indian Ocean on January 25, and became a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on January 28, making it the strongest storm of the month, as well as the first major tropical cyclone of the year.

Tropical cyclones formed in January 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Anggrek January 10–30 185 (115) 950 None None None
03U January 11–23 Un­known 991 Northern Territory, Western Australia None None
Belal January 11–18 140 (85) 969 Mascarene Islands Unknown 6 [25][26]
Kirrily January 12–February 5 120 (75) 978 Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales Unknown None [27]
Candice January 23–27 95 (60) 985 Mauritius None None [28]
04F January 25–26 Un­known 1002 None None None
05 January 28–February 2 55 (35) 999 None None None
05F January 30–February 28 55 (35) 996 New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji None None

February

Cyclone Djoungou

February was above-average, featuring nine systems with six of them being named.[29] In the South Pacific, Cyclones Nat and Osai affected Samoa, with the former peaking as a Category 2 tropical cyclone before dissipating on February 10. In the South-West Indian ocean, Cyclone Djoungou is the strongest system this month. Cyclone Eleanor affected sparsely over the Mascarene Islands. In the South Atlantic, Tropical Storm Akará affected Southern Brazil. In the Australian region, Cyclone Lincoln crossed through the Northern Territory inland just after making landfall in that particular area.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Nat February 3–10 95 (60) 985 Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia None None
07F February 5–8 Un­known 1002 French Polynesia None None
Osai February 6–12 85 (50) 991 Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands None None [30]
09F February 11–13 Un­known 1004 French Polynesia None None
10F February 14–17 55 (35) 995 None None None
Lincoln February 13–25 75 (45) 993 Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia None None
Djoungou February 13–19 215 (130) 922 None None None
Akará February 16–22 85 (50) 994 Southern Brazil None None
Eleanor February 17–24 100 (65) 984 Mauritius, Réunion None None [31]

March

Cyclone Neville

March was near-average, featuring seven systems, with four of which have been named. The month began in the South-West Indian Ocean with Tropical Storm Filipo, which recently affected Madagascar and Mozambique as a severe tropical storm. On the other side of the basin, Cyclone Megan made landfall in Borroloola, Australia just after reaching its peak as a Category-3 cyclone, bringing destructive winds and heavy rain in the area. Cyclone Neville, is the strongest tropical cyclone so far in this month. Before the end of the month, Cyclone Gamane made landfall in the northeastern tip of Madagascar as a Category-2 cyclone before it dissipated on March 28.

Tropical cyclones formed in March 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Filipo March 2–14 100 (65) 989 Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, Eswatini, South Africa Unknown 2 [32][33]
Neville March 4–24 175 (110) 952 Cocos Islands, Christmas Island None None [34]
11F March 8–15 65 (40) 1000 Vanuatu None None
Megan March 13–21 165 (105) 955 Northern Territory, Queensland None None [35]
10U March 14 Un­known 1003 Cape York Peninsula None None
12F March 19–20 Un­known 1005 None None None
Gamane March 25–28 150 (90) 970 Madagascar Unknown 19 [36]

April

Cyclone Olga

April was an unusually inactive month, featuring four systems, with three getting named. The month started with Cyclone Olga, which formed over the open waters of Western Australia and peaked as a Category 4-equivalent major cyclone as it remains over the Indian Ocean. Shortly after Olga degenerated into a tropical low, short-lived Cyclone Paul would also form in the Coral Sea. 12U formed on April 12 and dissipated 2 days later. On the last day of April, Cyclone Hidaya formed near Seychelles and made a rare landfall in Tanzania.

Tropical cyclones formed in April 2024
Storm name Dates Active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Olga April 4-11 205 (125) 933 Lesser Sunda Islands, Western Australia None None
Paul April 10–13 95 (60) 994 None None None
12U April 12–14 Un­known 1006 Lesser Sunda Islands, East Timor None None
Hidaya April 30–May 4 140 (85) 975 Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Tanzania, Kenya None 5 [37]

May

Cyclone Remal

May was an average month, featuring five cyclones, with four receiving names, the month started with Tropical Storm Ialy, which formed near Comoros and intensified into a compact tropical cyclone. On May 22, Typhoon Ewiniar formed southeast of Palau, traversing the Philippines, and bringing heavy rains over the country. Cyclone Remal formed in the Bay of Bengal on May 24. In the latter part of May, Tropical Storm Maliksi formed in the South China Sea and made landfall in Guangdong Province as a weak tropical storm.

Tropical cyclones formed in May 2024
Storm name Dates Active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
16U May 4–5 Un­known 1004 None None None
Ialy May 16–22 120 (75) 983 Seychelles, Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia None 2 [38]
Ewiniar (Aghon) May 22–30 130 (80) 980 Philippines, Japan, Alaska $20.88 million 6 [39][40]
Remal May 24–28 110 (70) 973 Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bangladesh, Northeast India, Myanmar. $594 million 84 [41][42]
Maliksi May 30–June 2 65 (40) 998 South China, Taiwan None None [43]

June

Hurricane Beryl

So far in June, two storms has formed, all of which has been named. This month started very late, with no storms developing until June 19, when Tropical Storm Alberto formed in the Bay of Campeche and made landfall in Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas as a mild tropical storm. On June 28, Hurricane Beryl formed south of Cabo Verde and is expected to brush over the Lesser Antilles as a major hurricane.

Tropical cyclones formed in June 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Alberto June 19–20 85 (50) 993 Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana <$10 million 4
Beryl June 28 – present 140 (85) 986 None None None

July

Tropical cyclones formed in July 2024
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs

Global effects

There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in. In this table, data from all these basins are added. [44]

Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Hurricane-force
tropical cyclones 		Damage
(2024 USD) 		Deaths Ref
North Atlantic Ocean[a] Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana 2 2 1 <$10 million 1 (3)
Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean[a] — — — — Un­known —
Western Pacific Ocean[b] Philippines, Japan, South China, Taiwan, Alaska 2 2 1 $20.88 million 6 [citation needed]
North Indian Ocean[c] Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bangladesh, Northeast India, Myanmar 1 1 — $594 million 84 [citation needed]
South-West Indian Ocean January – June[d][e] Mascarene Islands, Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, Eswatini, South Africa, Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia 9 8 5 Un­known 53 [citation needed]
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
Australian region January – June[d] Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Cape York Peninsula, Lesser Sunda Islands 10 7 5 Un­known — [citation needed]
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
South Pacific Ocean January – June[d] Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia 9 2 0 Un­known 2 [citation needed]
July – December[b] — — — — Un­known —
South Atlantic Ocean Rio de Janeiro 1 1 — — — [citation needed]
Worldwide (See above) 34[f] 23 10 $624.88 million 146 (3)
  1. ^ a b The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
  2. ^ a b c d Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
  3. ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
  4. ^ a b c Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
  5. ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France, which uses wind gusts.
  6. ^ The sum of the number of systems in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/14)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-14. Archived from the original on 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
  2. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/17)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-17. Archived from the original on 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  3. ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/23)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-24. Archived from the original on 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  4. ^ "Tropical Climate Update". Bureau of Meteorology. January 16, 2024. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
  5. ^ bbc.com/news/science-environment-68826152
  6. ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (20/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  7. ^ Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  8. ^ "TC Map". January 11, 2024. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  9. ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
  10. ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". AP News. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  11. ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-22. Archived from the original on 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  12. ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-30. Archived from the original on 2024-01-30. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  13. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 11:54 pm UTC 10 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  14. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 08:36 am UTC. 11 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  15. ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 12:16 am UTC 12 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W". Fiji Meteorological Service. 2024-01-25. Archived from the original on 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  17. ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W ISSUED FROM RSMC NADI Feb 02 00:30 UTC". www.met.gov.fj. February 2, 2024. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  18. ^ Tropical Cyclone 12P (Twelve) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  19. ^ Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A7 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  20. ^ Tropical Disturbance Summary February 5, 2024 10z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  21. ^ "NWPS01 NFFN 071200". www.met.gov.fj. February 7, 2024. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  22. ^ Tropical Cyclone 15P (Firteen) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024. Alt URL
  23. ^ "Hidrografia da Marinha - Special Warning". 16 February 2024.
  24. ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "January 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  25. ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". Associated Press News. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  27. ^ "Coral Sea: Tropical Cyclone Kirrily tracking westward toward the north-central Queensland coast Jan. 24 /update 1". Coral Sea: Tropical Cyclone Kirrily tracking westward toward the north-central Queensland coast Jan. 24 /update 1 | Crisis24. Archived from the original on 2024-01-27. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  28. ^ Moderate Tropical Storm 04 (Candice) Warning Number (20/4/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 27 January 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  29. ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "February 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  30. ^ Tropical Disturbance Summary February 12, 2024 21z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 12, 2024. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  31. ^ "La tempête tropicale Eleanor affecte l'île Maurice" [Tropical storm Eleanor affects Mauritius.]. www.catnat.net (in French). February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  32. ^ OCHA (2024-03-15). Mozambique - Tropical Storm Filipo - Flash Update No. 2 (15 March 2024). reliefweb.int (Report). Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  33. ^ "Tempête tropicale Filipo". MeteoSwiss (in French). 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  34. ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Neville (Report). Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  35. ^ "Cyclone weakens to a tropical low while bringing rain and wind to Australia's northern coast". ABC News. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  36. ^ United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2024-03-28). "Madagascar: Tropical Cyclone Gamane Flash Update No. 1, 28 March 2024". reliefweb.int. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  37. ^ "Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline". The Citizen. The East African. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  38. ^ Jurgen Nambeka; Maureen Ongala (May 22, 2024). "Two dead in Coast region in aftermath of Cyclone Ialy". The Nation (Kenya). Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  39. ^ "Typhoon leaves at least seven people dead and thousands displaced in the Philippines". Washington Post. 2024-05-28. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-05-28.
  40. ^ Situational Report No. 12 for TC AGHON (2024) (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. June 6, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  41. ^ "Cyclone Remal slams into Bangladesh coast as hundreds of thousands evacuate". Al Jazeera. 2024-05-26. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  42. ^ "Cyclone Remal causes death and damage in Bangladesh, India". dw.com. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  43. ^ "Typhoon Maliksi wanes upon landing in Guangdong". ChinaDaily. 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  44. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Seven Basins". NOAA. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
Tropical cyclone year articles (2020–present)
2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, Post-2024

Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers

Other Warning Centres

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