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List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

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A table summarizing features of the planets, dwarf planets, largest small Solar System bodies and largest natural satellites in the Solar System.

Planets

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Astronomical symbol Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Mean distance
from Sun 		km
AU 		57,909,175
0.38709893 		108,208,930
0.72333199 		149,597,870
1 		227,936,640
1.52366231 		778,412,010
5.20336301 		1,426,725,400
9.53707032 		2,870,972,200
19.19126393 		4,498,252,900
30.06896348
Mean radius km
:E[1] 		2,439.64
0.3825 		6,051.59
0.9488 		6,378.15
1 		3,397.00
0.53226 		71,492.68
11.209 		60,267.14
9.449 		25,557.25
4.007 		24,766.36
3.883
Surface area km²
:E[1] 		75,000,000
0.1471 		460,000,000
0.9010 		510,000,000
1 		140,000,000
0.2745 		64,000,000,000
125.5 		44,000,000,000
86.27 		8,100,000,000
15.88 		7,700,000,000
15.10
Volume km3
:E[1] 		6.083×1010
0.056 		9.28×1011
0.87 		1.083×1012
1 		1.6318×1011
0.151 		1.431×1015
1,321.3 		8.27×1014
763.59 		6.834×1013
63.086 		6.254×1013
57.74
Mass kg
:E[1] 		3.302×1023
0.055 		4.8690×1024
0.815 		5.9742×1024
1 		6.4191×1023
0.107 		1.8987×1027
318 		5.6851×1026
95 		8.6849×1025
14 		1.0244×1026
17
Density g/cm3 5.43 5.24 5.515 3.940 1.33 0.70 1.30 1.76
Equatorial gravity m/s2 3.70 8.87 9.81 3.71 23.12 8.96 8.69 11.00
Escape velocity km/s 4.25 10.36 11.18 5.02 59.54 35.49 21.29 23.71
Rotation period days[2] 58.646225 -243.0187[3] 0.99726968 1.02595675 0.41354 0.44401 -0.71833[3] 0.67125
Orbital period years[2] 0.2408467 0.61519726 1.0000174 1.8808476 11.862615 29.447498 84.016846 164.79132
Mean orbital speed km/s 47.8725 35.0214 29.7859 24.1309 13.0697 9.6724 6.8352 5.4778
Eccentricity 0.20563069 0.00677323 0.01671022 0.09341233 0.04839266 0.05415060 0.04716771 0.00858587
Inclination deg. 7.00487 3.39471 0.00005 1.85061 1.30530 2.48446 0.76986 1.76917
Axial tilt[4] deg. 0.0 177.3 23.45 25.19 3.12 26.73 97.86 29.58
Mean surface temp. K 440 730 288-293 186-268 152 134 [5] 76 [5] 72 [5]
Mean air temp.[6] K 288 165 135 76 73
Atmospheric composition He  Na+  P+  CO2  N2 N2  O2 CO2  N2  Ar H2  He H2  He H2  He  CH4 H2  He  CH4
Number of known moons 0 0 1 2 63 60 27 13
Rings? No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Planetary discriminant[7] 9.1×104 1.35×106 1.7×106 1.8×105 6.25×105 1.9×105 2.9×104 2.4×104

Dwarf planets

Note: Haumea is included in the next list.

Ceres Pluto Haumea Makemake Eris
Astronomical symbol Ceres Pluto
Mean distance
from Sun 		km
AU 		413.7 million 
2.766 		5,906 million 
39.482 		6,484,000,000
43.335 		6,850 million 
45.792 		10,210 million 
67.668
Mean radius km
:E[1] 		471
0.0738 		1,148.07
0.180 		980
0.1537 		750+200
−100
0.12 		1,200
0.19
Volume km3
:E[1] 		4.37×108
0.0005 		6.33×109
0.007 		3.9×109
0.004 		1.8×109
0.002 		7.23×109
0.008
Surface area km²
:E[1] 		2,800,000
0.0055 		17,000,000
0.0333 		12,06,300
0.0236 		7,000,000
0.015 		18,000,000
0.0353
Mass kg
:E[1] 		9.5×1020
0.00016 		1.3×1022
0.0022 		4.2 ± 0.1×1021
0.0007 		4×1021
0.0007 		1.7×1022
0.0028
Density g/cm3 2.08 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.25
Equatorial gravity m/s2 0.27 0.60 0.44 0.5 ~0.8
Escape velocity km/s 0.51 1.2 0.44 0.8
Rotation period days[2] 0.3781 -6.38718[3] 0.167 >0.33?
Orbital period years[2] 4.599 247.92065 285.4 309.9 557
Mean orbital speed km/s 17.882 4.7490 4.484 4.4 3.436
Eccentricity 0.080 0.24880766 0.18874 0.159 0.44177
Inclination deg. 10.587 17.14175 28.19 28.96 44.187
Axial tilt[4] deg. 4 119.61
Mean surface temp. K 167 40 32±3 30 30
Mean air temp.[6] K
Atmospheric composition H2O, O2 N2, CH4 N2, CH4 N2, CH4
Number of known moons No 3 2 No 1
Rings No No No No No
Planetary discriminant[7] 0.33 0.077 0.023 0.02 0.10

Largest small Solar System bodies

4 Vesta 2 Pallas 90482 Orcus 28978 Ixion 20000 Varuna (55636) 2002 TX300 Haumea 50000 Quaoar (55565) 2002 AW197 90377 Sedna
Astronomical symbol 4 Vesta 2 Pallas
Semi-major axis km
AU 		353,268,000
2.361 		414,784,000
2.773 		5,896,946,000
39.419 		5,935,999,000
39.680 		6,451,398,000
43.129 		6,453,572,000
43.139 		6,484,000,000
43.335 		6,493,296,000
43.607 		7,073,647,000
47.284 		78,668,000,000
525.86
Mean radius km
:E[1] 		289
0.0453 		285
0.0447 		473.15
0.0742 		411
0.0644 		294.75
0.0462 		437
0.0685 		980
0.1537 		625
0.0980 		350
0.0550 		745
0.0117
Surface area km²
:E[1] 		1,049,000
0.002 		1,020,000
0.002 		2,812,000
0.0055 		2,122,000
0.00415 		1,091,000
0.00214 		2,399,000
0.00469 		12,06,300
0.0236 		4,906,000
0.0096 		1,359,000
0.0030 		6,971,000
0.0136
Volume km3
:E[1] 		630,000,000
0.00006 		630,000,000
0.00006 		443,506,000
0.0004 		290,689,000
0.0002 		107,217,000
0.0001 		349,420,000
0.0003 		3,940,771,000
0.004 		1,022,217,000
0.0009 		179,518,000
0.0001 		1,731,298,000
0.0016
Mass kg
:E[1] 		2.7×1020
0.000045 		2.2×1020
0.00004 		6.2×1020
0.0001 		6×1020
0.0001 		2.65×1020
0.00004 		5.9×1020
0.0001 		4.2 ± 0.1×1021
0.0007 		2×1021
0.0003 		5.2×1020
0.00009 		3 ×1021
0005
Density g/cm3 3.4 2.8 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.6–3.3 2.0 2.0
Equatorial gravity m/s2 0.22 0.18 0.2 0.23 0.39 0.15–0.20 0.44 0.28–0.38 0.22 0.33–0.50
Escape velocity km/s 0.35 ~0.32 ~0.44 <0.4346? 0.39 0.28–0.37? 0.44 0.276-0.376 0.2216? 0.62-0.95
Rotation period days[2] 0.2226 0.32555 0.55 ? 0.13216 0.33 or 0.66 0.167 ? ? 0.42
Orbital period years[2] 3.63 4.62 247.492 249.95 283.20 283.35 285.4 287.97 325.15 12,059.06
Mean orbital speed km/s 19.34 17.65 4.68 4.66 4.53 4.52 4.484 4.52 4.31 1.04
Eccentricity 0.08917 0.231 0.22552 0.242 0.051 0.124 0.18874 0.0384 0.132 0.855
Inclination deg. 7.135 34.838 0.22552 19.584 17.2 25.856 28.19 7.988 24.410 11.934
Axial tilt[4] deg. 78 ± 13
Mean surface temp. K 85–255 ~164–265 ~45 ~44 ~43–41 <41 32±3 ~43 ~39–40 <33
Number of known moons 0 0 1 ? ? ? 2 1 ? ?
Rings? No No No No No No No No No No
Planetary discriminant[7] 0.09 0.077 0.003 0.003 0.0013 0.003 0.023 0.01 0.003 ?

Largest satellites

The orbital statistics refer to the satellite's orbit around its parent planet

Satellite Equatorial
diameter
(Earth) 		Mass
(Earth) 		Orbital
circumference
(km) 		orbital period
(days) 		Satellite of
The Moon 0.273 0.0123 2,413,402 27.321 66155 Earth
Io 0.286 0.015 2,649,600 1.769137786 Jupiter
Europa 0.245 0.008 4,216,100 3.551181041 Jupiter
Ganymede 0.413 0.025 6,725,500 7.15455296 Jupiter
Callisto 0.378 0.018 11,829,000 16.6890184 Jupiter
Rhea 0.1198 0.00039 3 311 917.24 4.518212 Saturn
Titan 0.404 0.0225 7 677 618.91 15.94542 Saturn
Titania 0.1237 0.00059 2 738 903.31 8.706 Uranus
Oberon 0.1194 0.0005 3 666 364.29 13.463234 Uranus
Triton 0.2122 0.00359 2 229 274.15 -5.877
(retrograde) 		Neptune

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l relative to Earth.
  2. ^ a b c d e f sidereal.
  3. ^ a b c retrograde orbit.
  4. ^ a b c The inclination of the body's equator from its orbit.
  5. ^ a b c At pressure of 1 bar
  6. ^ a b At sea level.
  7. ^ a b c Used to distinguish between planet and dwarf planet.

See also

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