Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history
| Timeline of Islamic history: 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th | 21st century |
- 803: Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.
- 805: Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cyprus.
- 809: Death of Harun al-Rashid. Accession of al-Amin.
- 810: Muhammad al-Taqi, the 9th Shia Imam was born.
- 811: Battle of Rayy in Persia.
- 814: Civil war between Amin and al-Ma'mun. Amin killed and Ma'mun becomes the Caliph.
- 815: Shi'a revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
- 816: Shi'a revolt in Mecca; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.
- 817: Harthama killed.
- 818: Ali al-Rida is poisoned in Mashhad. Muhammad al-Taqi becomes Imam. The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Ibiza, Majorca, and Sardinia.
- 820: Tahir ibn Husayn establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.
- 822: Death of al-Hakam I in Spain; accession of Abd-ar-rahman II.
- 823: Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani.
- 827: Ali al-Hadi, the 10th Shia Imam is born. Ma'mun declares the Mu'tazili creed as the state religion.
- 833: Death of Ma'mun. Accession of al-Mutasim.
- 835: Muhammad al-Taqi is poisoned. Ali al-Hadi becomes Imam.
- 836: Mutasim moves the capital to Samarra.
- 837: Revolt of the Jats.
- 838: Revolt of Babak in Azarbaijan suppressed.
- 839: Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.
- 842: Death of Mutasim, accession of al-Wathiq.
- 843: Revolts of the Arabs.
- 846: Hasan al-Askari, the 11th Shia Imam is born.
- 847: Death of Wathiq, accession of al-Mutawakkil.
- 850: Al-Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
- 849: Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani; accession of Tahir II.
- 852: Death of Abd-ar-rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.
- 856: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.
- 858: Al-Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.
- 860: Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.
- 861: Murder of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil; accession of al-Muntasir.
- 862: Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of al-Musta'in.
- 864: Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan ibn Zayd.
- 866: Al-Musta'in flees from Samarra, his deposition and accession of al-Mu'tazz; Muhammad ibn Yusuf Al-Ukhaidhir, a descendent of Ali, establishes an independent kingdom in Yamamah.
- 867: Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.
- 868: Ali al-Hadi is poisoned. Hasan al-Askari becomes Imam. Muhammad al-Mahdi, the last Imam of shiite is born. Ahmad ibn Tulun finds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
- 869: The Abbasid Caliph Mu'tazz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of al-Muhtadi. Beginning of Zanj Revolt in Basra.
- 870: Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of al-Mu'tamid.
- 873: Tahirid rule extinguished.
- 874: Hasan al-Askari is poisoned. Muhammad al-Mahdi becomes Imam. He has gone into hiding by the order of Allmighty Allah and will emerge to save mankind and establish Islamic Law all over the world as shiite and muslims believe. Up to 939 only 4 men could communicate with him. Zanji state established at al-Muktara during Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr I.
- 877: Death of Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari in Sistan, accession of Amr bin Layth.
- 883: End of Zanj Revolt
- 885: Death of Ahmad ibn Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khumarawaih ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun.
- 886: Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of al-Mundhir. Death of Abdullah ibn Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.
- 888: Death of Mundhir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi.
- 891: The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.
- 892: Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid death. al-Mu'tadid becomes Caliph. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail I.
- 893: Zaidi Imamate is established in Yemen by al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim
- 894: The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.
- 896: Death of Khumarawaih ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.
- 897: Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.
- 898: Qarmatians sack Basra. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 3 per cent of the total.