Jump to content

Codex Gigas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Robk6364 (talk | contribs) at 19:55, 12 November 2008. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The codex is the largest medieval manuscript in the world.

The Codex Gigas (Template:Lang-en) is the largest extant medieval manuscript in the world[1]. It was created in the early 13th century in the Benedictine monastery of Podlažice in Bohemia, and is now preserved at the National Library of Sweden in Stockholm[2], where two librarians are needed to lift it. It is also known as the Devil's Bible due to a large illustration of the devil on the inside and the legend surrounding it's creation.

Appearance

The codex is richly illuminated throughout.

The codex is contained in a wooden folder, covered with leather and ornamented with metal. At 92 cm (36.2in.) tall, 50 cm (19.7in.) wide and 22 cm (8.6in.) thick it is the largest known medieval manuscript[3]. It initially contained 320 vellum sheets, though eight of these were subsequently removed[4]. It is unknown who removed the pages or for what purpose but it seems likely that they contained the monastic rules of the Benedictines. The codex weighs nearly 75 kg (165 lbs.), the vellum used being calf skin (or donkey say some sources) from 160 animals.

History

The codex was created in the Benedictine monastery of Podlažice near Chrudim, which was destroyed during the 15th century. Records in the codex end in the year 1229. The codex was later pledged to the Cistercians Sedlec monastery and then bought by the Benedictine monastery in Břevnov. From 1477-1593 it was kept in the library of a monastery in Broumov until it was taken to Prague in 1594 to form a part of the collections of Rudolf II.

Swedish plunder

At the end of the Thirty Years' War in the year 1648, the entire collection was taken by the Swedish army as plunder. From 1649 to 2007 the manuscript was kept in the Swedish Royal Library in Stockholm. The site of its creation is marked by a maquette in the town museum of Chrast.

Return to Prague

On September 24 2007, after 359 years, Codex Gigas returned to Prague on loan from Sweden until January 2008 (on display previously at the Czech National Library).[5][6][7]

Content

The Codex includes the entire Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, except for the books of Acts and Revelation, which are from a pre-Vulgate version. Also included are Isidore of Seville's encyclopedia Etymologiae, Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, Cosmas of Prague's Chronicle of Bohemia, various tractates (from history, etymology and physiology), a calendar with necrologium, a list of brothers in Podlažice monastery, magic formulae and other local records. The entire document is written in Latin.

Illustration of the devil, page 290. Legend has it the codex was created by a monk who sold his soul to the devil.

The manuscript includes illuminations in red, blue, yellow, green and gold. Capital letters are elaborately illuminated, frequently across the entire page. The codex has a unified look as the nature of the writing is unchanged throughout, showing no signs of age, disease or mood on the part of the scribe. This may have led to the belief that the whole book was written in a very short time (see Legend).

Page 290, otherwise empty, includes a unique picture of the devil, about 50cm tall. Several pages before this are written on a blackening vellum and have a very gloomy character, somewhat different from the rest of the codex.

Legend

According to legend the scribe was a monk who breached his monastic code and was sentenced to be walled up alive. In order to forbear this harsh penalty he promised to create in one single night a book to glorify the monastery forever, including all human knowledge. Near midnight he became sure that he could not complete this task alone, so he sold his soul to the devil for help. The devil completed the manuscript and the monk added the devil's picture out of gratitude for his aid.

Despite this legend the codex was not forbidden by the Inquisition and was studied by many scholars.

See also

  • Codex Gigas — Official Codex Gigas site at the National Library of Sweden.
  • Browse Codex Gigas — Browse the complete Codex Gigas in high resolution.
  • Codex Gigas - Czech.cz, official portal of the Czech Republic

References

Notes

  1. ^ Codex Gigas - Kungl. biblioteket, Stockholm
  2. ^ Codex Gigas - Kungl. biblioteket, Stockholm
  3. ^ Boldan, Kamil (2007). The Devil’s Bible - Codex Gigas. The Secrets of the World’s Largest Book. NKP. p. 15. ISBN 978-80-7050-532-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Boldan, Kamil (2007). The Devil’s Bible - Codex Gigas. The Secrets of the World’s Largest Book. NKP. p. 17. ISBN 978-80-7050-532-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Canadian Press, Return of the Devil's Bible to Prague draws crowds of curious Czechs
  6. ^ Raising the devil - A legendary work returns to Prague
  7. ^ Borrowing the Devil's Bible
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Codex_Gigas&oldid=251400881"