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Sideshow Bob

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Template:Simpsons character Robert Underdunk Terwilliger, better known by his stage name Sideshow Bob, is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Kelsey Grammer and first appeared briefly in the episode "The Telltale Head". Bob is Yale educated, a self-proclaimed genius, a Republican, and a highbrow snob. He began as a sidekick on Krusty the Clown's television show, but grew tired of Krusty's abuse and framed him for armed robbery in "Krusty Gets Busted". However, Bob's plan was foiled by Bart Simpson, and he was sent to prison. With his true character revealed, Bob assumed the role of evil genius in The Simpsons. Episodes centered on Sideshow Bob typically involve Bob being released from prison and acting out a cunning revenge plan, which is foiled by Bart and Lisa. Frequently such plans involve attempting to kill someone, usually Bart or, less often, Krusty.

Sideshow Bob has been described as "Frasier pickled in arsenic", Frasier Crane being Grammer's character on the sit-coms Cheers and Frasier. Grammer, who based Bob's voice on Ellis Rabb, has since been praised for his portrayals of the character. In 2006, he won an Emmy for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance in the episode "The Italian Bob". Several parallels have been drawn in the show between Bob and Frasier Crane: Bob's brother Cecil and his father were played by David Hyde Pierce and John Mahoney respectively, echoing the roles they played in Frasier.

Bob made his second major appearance in season three's "Black Widower"; the writers echoed the premise of the Coyote chasing the Road Runner by having Bob unexpectedly inserting himself into Bart's life. As of 2008, Bob has featured in ten episodes, with the most recent, "Funeral for a Fiend", airing during the nineteenth season. In addition to his recurring role in the series, Sideshow Bob has made several appearances in other The Simpsons media, including appearances in the Simpsons Comics, a cameo in the 2007 video game The Simpsons Game, a role as the main antagonist in The Simpsons Ride and several of Grammer's musical performances have been included in The Simpsons musical compilations.

Appearances

The Simpsons

Bob began his career as Krusty the Clown's non-speaking sidekick.[1] It was revealed in "Brother from Another Series" (season eight, 1997) that he had only been given the job because Krusty considered him to be a better comic foil than his younger brother Cecil Terwilliger, who was auditioning for the role.[2] As the years went on, the Yale-educated Bob became increasingly angry at Krusty's continual abuse. Bob finally snapped and in "Krusty Gets Busted" (season one, 1990) framed Krusty for armed robbery at the Kwik-E-Mart. He took over Krusty's television show, introducing elements of higher culture. Although the program was accepted by children, Bob's reign was short-lived: Bart Simpson exposed the plan, and Bob was sent to jail.[3]

In "Black Widower" (season three, 1992), Bob's first major appearance after his failed framing of Krusty, he was released from prison and married Bart's aunt Selma Bouvier. This was part of a scheme to gain access to her stock shares, and Bob planned to blow Selma up on their honeymoon. Once again, Bart foiled Bob's plan and Sideshow Bob returned to prison.[4] After being paroled from prison in "Cape Feare" (season five, 1993), he targeted Bart, threatening him repeatedly and forcing the Simpsons to move to Terror Lake as part of the Witness Relocation Program. Bob followed them to their houseboat and, after subduing the rest of the family, attempted to kill Bart. He allowed Bart a final request, and Bart asked him to sing the entire score of H.M.S. Pinafore. The delaying tactic led to Bob's arrest.[5] In "Sideshow Bob Roberts" (season six, 1994), Bob was released from prison and ran for Mayor of Springfield on a Republican Party ticket. He defeated liberal incumbent Joe Quimby in a landslide, but Bart and Lisa discovered that Bob had rigged the election, and he is again returned to prison.[6] In "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" (season seven, 1995), Bob escapes from jail for the first time and threatens to blow Springfield up with a nuclear bomb unless the city stopped broadcasting television; he is once again thwarted and returned to prison.[7] After this escapade, Bob was genuinely redeemed, and in "Brother from Another Series" was released from prison into the care of his brother Cecil. However, Cecil harbored resentment because his brother had become Krusty's sidekick instead of him, and tried to frame Bob for embezzlement by sabotaging the Springfield Dam. Bob and Bart together stopped Cecil and saved the town, but both brothers ended up in prison due to Chief Wiggum's stupidity.[2]

In "Day of the Jackanapes" (season 12, 2001), Bob discovers that Krusty had taped over all his old shows featuring Sideshow Bob. Once again, Bob is released from prison and develops a plot to kill Krusty using Bart as a suicide bomber. After hearing Krusty talk about how he regrets mistreating him, Bob decides not to go through with his plan, although he is again returned to prison.[8] The episode "The Great Louse Detective" (season 14, 2002) saw Bob paired with Homer Simpson. Someone had tried to murder Homer, and Bob was released from prison so he could help find the culprit. After the mystery was solved, he returned to murder Bart. However, found he was "accustomed to [Bart's] face" and could not do it.[9] Bob was not returned to prison and it was revealed in "The Italian Bob" (season 17, 2005) he moved to Italy, looking for a fresh start. There, he was elected mayor of a village in Tuscany and married a local woman named Francesca, with whom he had a son named Gino. The Simpson family, while in Italy picking up a car for Mr. Burns, ran into him by chance. At first, Bob welcomes them with hospitality on the condition that they not reveal his felonious past; however a drunken Lisa does just that, alienating Bob from his citizens. He, his wife and son swear a vendetta on the Simpsons.[10] The entire Terwilliger family returned in "Funeral for a Fiend" (season 19, 2007) in which Bob's father, Robert, and mother, Dame Judith Underdunk, make their first appearances. Bob fakes his own death and attempts to burn Bart alive at his funeral. Instead Bob and his entire family were foiled and thrown in prison, where Bob went completely insane.[11]

Other appearances

Alongside his appearances in the series, Sideshow Bob has made several appearances in other The Simpsons media. Kelsey Grammer recorded lines for Bob for The Simpsons Movie, but the scene in which he was to appear was cut.[12] In The Simpsons Game, released in November 2007, Bob has a speaking cameo appearance at the end of the "Invasion of the Yokel-Snatchers" chapter.[13] Bob was also included as a level boss in the 1991 video game Bart vs. the Space Mutants.[14] Sideshow Bob has also made appearances in the monthly Simpsons Comics.[15] Several of Kelsey Grammer's singing performances have been included in The Simpsons CD compilations: his performance of the H.M.S. Pinafore in "Cape Feare" was later included on the album Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons;[16] and the song "The Very Reason That I Live" from "The Great Louse Detective" was included in The Simpsons: Testify.[17] A previously unaired song, "Hullaba Lula", was also included in The Simpsons: Testify.[17]

Sideshow Bob plays a large role in The Simpsons Ride, which opened at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood in May 2008. Voiced by Grammer, he is the main villain in the ride, having escaped from prison to get revenge on Bart and the other Simpsons.[18][19]

Character

Creation

Sideshow Bob in his brief first appearance in "The Telltale Head"

Sideshow Bob first appeared in the background of a scene in "The Telltale Head", the eighth episode of season one. Compared to later appearances, his design was simpler and his hair was round in shape.[20] His first major appearance was in season one's twelfth episode "Krusty Gets Busted", written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky.[21] Bob's design was updated for "Krusty Gets Busted"; as the episode's animation progressed director Brad Bird made Bob sleeker and more urbane and refined as he worked with Grammer's voice.[22] Following the re-design, the animators tried to redo his scenes in "The Telltale Head", but did not have enough time.[20] An early version of the script for "Krusty Gets Busted" called for James Earl Jones to voice Bob, but the producers instead selected Kelsey Grammer.[23] Bob did not say anything during the first half of "Krusty Gets Busted" and the character always spoke with a slide whistle so that when he finally did speak, it would be a shock to hear Grammer's refined voice.[24] For Bob's voice, Grammer used his impression of theatre actor and director Ellis Rabb. Grammer had once worked for Rabb, whose "lamenting tones became [the] foundation for Sideshow Bob."[25]

Despite common fan belief that Bob was named after Terwilliger Boulevard in Portland, Oregon, he was actually named after the character Dr. Terwilliker from the film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.[26] Bob's full name is Robert Underdunk Terwilliger.[27] His last name was first revealed in "Cape Feare"[5] while his middle name was first mentioned in "Sideshow Bob Roberts".[6]

Development

Kelsey Grammer based Bob's voice on Ellis Rabb.

For season three's "Black Widower", the writers decided to have Bob return to get revenge on Bart for foiling his plan in "Krusty Gets Busted". They echoed the premise of the Coyote chasing the Road Runner from Looney Tunes cartoons by having Bob unexpectedly inserting himself into Bart's life. Executive producer Al Jean has compared Bob's character to that of Wile E. Coyote, noting that both are intelligent yet are always foiled by what they perceive as an inferior intellect.[28] A rule for the earlier episodes that featured Bob was that there had to be a recap of his evil deeds in case the viewers did not remember them. This was dropped following season eight's "Brother from Another Series".[29] Another rule is that Bob must always return to prison at the end of the episode, although this did not happen in "The Great Louse Detective" or "The Italian Bob".[29] For "Black Widower", director David Silverman updated the character model to reflect the animation of Bird.[22] Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein, the showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons, believed that every season of the show should contain an episode featuring Sideshow Bob. However, by the seventh season Bob had already been in four episodes and the writers were having a difficult time coming up with new ways to include him.[30] A large part of the reason why he does not appear in every season is because the writers are not always able to think of reasons to bring him back.[31] Weinstein describes Bob as a difficult character to write dialogue for since he speaks in a highbrow way and such jokes are challenging to write.[32] Despite the challenges, the production staff on The Simpsons are usually excited about "Sideshow Bob episodes" as the writers consider them enjoyable to write,[33] and the directors think they are always crazy and fun for them to animate.[34]

Kelsey Grammer initially thought that Bob would be a one-time character, and calls him "the most popular character I've ever played".[25] Grammer usually comes in for table readings[35] and former executive producer David Mirkin found Grammer a joy to direct as he was very funny and capable of perfect readings, but noted that he hates doing the evil Sideshow Bob laugh.[36] In a 2007 interview, Simpsons executive producer Al Jean listed Grammer as his second favorite guest star, saying "his voice is so rich".[37] Writer George Meyer commented that "writing for Kelsey is great, he can give the kind of purple, florid, melodramatic speeches that most of the characters would never give. And he can sing."[27]

The writers believe that Grammer has a great voice and try to create something for him to sing each time he appears.[35] Alf Clausen, composer for The Simpsons, commented that "[Grammer] is so great. He's just amazing. You can tell he has this love of musical theater and he has the vocal instrument to go with it, so I know whatever I write is going to be sung the way I've heard it."[38] Sideshow Bob's theme, which is played whenever Bob gets out of prison, was first used in "Cape Feare". It is based on the score of the movie Cape Fear, which was composed by Bernard Herrmann.[35] The musical score for "Cape Feare" earned Clausen an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Dramatic Underscore - Series in 1994.[39]

Bob's prisoner number is often 24601, which is Jean Valjean's prisoner number in Les Miserables.[40] Another trademark for Bob is to step on rakes, a joke that first appeared in "Cape Feare". In that episode, Bob stepped on nine consecutive rakes: a joke the writers added to fill up time.[35] The sequence has become known as the "rake joke" and has been referred to as being "genius in its repetitive stupidity".[41]

Family

Sideshow Bob and Cecil in "Brother from Another Series". Cecil was designed to resemble voice actor David Hyde Pierce but still look like Bob.

The episode "Brother From Another Series" introduces Bob's brother Cecil. It was written by Ken Keeler, who had been assigned to write a Sideshow Bob episode and was watching a lot of Frasier at the time. Keeler thought it would be a good idea to mix the two.[33] Cecil is voiced by David Hyde Pierce, who also played Frasier Crane's brother Niles in Frasier. Many of Bob and Cecil's interactions were based on Niles' and Frasier's.[33] Pierce commented, "Normally, I would not do something like this. But how often do you get a chance to work with an actor like Kelsey Grammer and, more importantly, play his brother?"[42] The original script was run by some of the Frasier producers to make sure they were satisfied with it. The only problem they had was with a very brief scene in which Cecil talks to a visible character and refers to her as "Maris". In Frasier, Maris Crane is an unseen character, and the producers of Frasier said the scene should go.[33] Cecil was drawn to resemble David Hyde Pierce, but still look similar to Bob.[43] According to director Pete Michels, it was difficult to draw Bob and Cecil standing together because their feet are both so big.[43]

Cecil returned in "Funeral for a Fiend" in season 19, along with their previously unseen father, Dr. Robert Terwilliger, who was played by John Mahoney.[44] Mahoney had also played Martin Crane, the father of Grammer and Pierce's characters in Frasier.[45] However, the dynamic of the characters was changed: in Frasier, Mahoney played the "down-to-earth, average guy" to Grammer and Hyde Pierce's "uppity snobs"; but Robert Terwilliger was portrayed as being just as highbrow as Bob.[46] Bob also has a wife named Francesca (voiced by Maria Grazia Cucinotta) and a son named Gino, both of whom were introduced in the season 17 episode "The Italian Bob" and returned for "Funeral for a Fiend".[10]

Reception

Commendations

Sideshow Bob has become a popular character from the series. In 2006 IGN listed him as the second best "peripheral character" on The Simpsons following Troy McClure. They commented that Bob is "a man of contradictions; his goofy appearance, complete with palm tree like hair, doesn't seem to match up to the well spoken and even musically talented maniac."[47] Wizard Magazine rated Bob as the 66th greatest villain of all time.[48] Adam Finley of TV Squad wrote that "that baritone voice, the Shakespearean delivery, and the ability to go from calm and collected to stark raving mad all within the same second make Sideshow Bob one of the best reocurring [sic] characters on the show."[49]

Kelsey Grammer has consistently received praise for his voicework, and has been described as "brilliant",[50] "inimitable"[51] and "a feast of mid-Atlantic anglophilia".[52] In 2006, Grammer won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Bob in the episode "The Italian Bob"; he had previously won four in the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series category for his portrayal of Frasier Crane on Frasier.[53] In 2008, Grammer was included in Entertainment Weekly's list of the sixteen best guest stars; Hyde Pierce was also included in that list.[54] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Kelsey Grammer's grand voice-performance as Sideshow Bob is Frasier pickled in arsenic."[55] In her book My Life as a 10-year-old Boy, Nancy Cartwright (the voice of Bart) wrote that "Kelsey Grammer scores big-time by injecting caustic, bitter, contemptuous and deliciously vile energy into his rendition of Sideshow Bob. Springfield just wouldn't be the same without him."[56]

Several episodes featuring Bob have been well received by fans and critics. "Cape Feare" is generally regarded as one of the best episodes of The Simpsons[57] and was placed third on Entertainment Weekly's 2003 list of the top 25 episodes of The Simpsons.[41] IGN also called it the best episode of the fifth season.[58] In 2007, Vanity Fair called it the show's fourth best episode, because of its "masterful integration of filmic parody and a recurring character".[59] Ben Rayner of the Toronto Star listed "Cape Feare", "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" and "Brother From Another Series" as being among the best episodes of the series, writing "forget Frasier, these are Kelsey Grammer's best roles."[60] The season seventeen episode "The Italian Bob" and its writer John Frink won a Writers Guild of America Award in 2007 in the animation category.[61]

Analysis

In Planet Simpson, author Chris Turner writes that Bob is built into a highbrow snob and conservative Republican so that the writers can continually hit him with a rake and bring him down. He represents high culture while Krusty represents low culture, and Bart, stuck in between, always wins out.[52] In the book Leaving Springfield, David L. G. Arnold comments that Bart is a product of a "mass-culture upbringing" and thus is Bob's enemy.[62] The first time Bob appears, he is a sidekick on The Krusty the Clown Show. Frustrated by his role in "Krusty's cheap gags", Bob frames Krusty and takes over the show. He changes contents of the show to readings of classic literature and segments that take a look at the social and emotional issues of pre-teens. He believes that by exposing the kids to high culture he will improve their lives.[63] Arnold writes that "Bob's own conscience and morality are clearly unaffected by the high culture he represents." He tries to "manipulate the tastes of the masses" by becoming a criminal mastermind.[63] Arnold believes that this is most apparent in "Sideshow Bob Roberts", in which he rigs the election to become the mayor of Springfield. When later accused of election fraud he rants, "Your guilty consciences force you to vote Democratic, but secretly you yearn for a cold-hearted Republican who’ll cut taxes, brutalize criminals, and rule you like a king! You need me, Springfield!" He considers himself a part of the social elite and has no problem using nefarious methods to acquire and utilize power.[64]

Bob is more intellectual than most of the residents in Springfield. His intelligence can sometimes be a plus such as in "Cape Feare". A Parole Board asks Bob why he has a tattoo that said "Die, Bart, Die" and he replies that it is German for "The, Bart, The". However, his love of high culture can sometimes be used against him. For example, in the same episode, Bob is about to kill Bart and asks if he has any last requests. Bart asks that Bob perform the operetta H.M.S. Pinafore in its entirety. Bob readily agrees and the tactic stalls him long enough for the police to save Bart.[65]

Notes

  1. ^ Jean, Al; Reiss, Mike; Groening, Matt; Simon, Sam; Moore, Rich (1990-02-25). "The Telltale Head". The Simpsons. Season 1. Episode 8. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Keeler, Ken; Michels, Pete (1997-02-23). "Brother from Another Series". The Simpsons. Season 8. Episode 169. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Kogen, Jay; Wolodarsky, Wallace; Bird, Brad (1990-04-29). "Krusty Gets Busted". The Simpsons. Season 1. Episode 12. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Vitti, Jon; Silverman, David (1992-04-09). "Black Widower". The Simpsons. Season 3. Episode 56. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b Vitti, Jon; Moore, Rich (1993-10-07). "Cape Feare". The Simpsons. Season 5. Episode 83. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh; Kirkland, Mark (1994-10-09). "Sideshow Bob Roberts". The Simpsons. Season 6. Episode 108. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Feresten, Spike; Polcino, Dominic (1995-10-26). "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming". The Simpsons. Season 7. Episode 137. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Jean, Al; Marcantel, Michael (2001-02-18). "Day of the Jackanapes". The Simpsons. Season 11. Episode 261. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Frink, John; Payne, Don; Moore, Steven Dean (2002-12-15). "The Great Louse Detective". The Simpsons. Season 14. Episode 297. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b Frink, John; Kirkland, Mark (2005-12-11). "The Italian Bob". The Simpsons. Season 17. Episode 364. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Price, Michael; Oliver, Rob (2007-11-25). "Funeral for a Fiend". The Simpsons. Season 19. Episode 408. Fox. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Roberts, Sheila. "The Simpsons Movie Interviews". Movies Online. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  13. ^ Ahearn, Nate (2007-11-08). "The Simpsons Game Review". IGN. Retrieved 2008-05-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  14. ^ "The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants". IGN. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  15. ^ "Simpsons Comics Beach Blanket Bongo". HarperCollins. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
  16. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Go Simpsonic with the Simpsons". allmusic.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  17. ^ a b "Dozens Of 'Simpsons' Songs Bundled For 'Testify'". Billboard. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  18. ^ MacDonald, Brady (2008-04-09). "Simpsons ride features 29 characters, original voices". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-05-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Belcher, Walt (2008-05-01). "Woo Hoo! Itchy For Fun? Ride With The Simpsons". Tampa Tribune. Retrieved 2008-04-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b Moore, Rich. (2001). Commentary for "The Telltale Head", in The Simpsons: The Complete First Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  21. ^ Richmond, pp. 28–29
  22. ^ a b Silverman, David. (2003). Commentary for "Black Widower", in The Simpsons: The Complete Third Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  23. ^ Bird, Brad. (2001). Commentary for "Krusty Gets Busted", in The Simpsons: The Complete First Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  24. ^ Jean, Al. (2001). Commentary for "Krusty Gets Busted", in The Simpsons: The Complete First Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  25. ^ a b Grammer, Kelsey. (2006). Commentary for "Brother From Another Series", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eighth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  26. ^ Carroll, Larry (2007-07-26). "'Simpsons' Trivia, From Swearing Lisa To 'Burns-Sexual' Smithers". MTV. Retrieved 2007-07-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ a b Rhodes, Joe (2000-10-21). "Flash! 24 Simpsons Stars Reveal Themselves". TV Guide. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  28. ^ Jean, Al. (2003). Commentary for "Black Widower", in The Simpsons: The Complete Third Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  29. ^ a b Weinstein, Josh. (2006). Commentary for "Brother From Another Series", in The Simpsons: The Complete First Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  30. ^ Oakley, Bill. (2005). Commentary for "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming", in The Simpsons: The Complete Seventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  31. ^ Groening, Matt. (2001). Commentary for "Krusty Gets Busted", in The Simpsons: The Complete First Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  32. ^ Weinstein, Josh. (2005). Commentary for "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming", in The Simpsons: The Complete Seventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  33. ^ a b c d Keeler, Ken. (2006). Commentary for "Brother From Another Series", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eighth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  34. ^ Polcino, Dominic. (2005). Commentary for "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming", in The Simpsons: The Complete Seventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  35. ^ a b c d Jean, Al. (2004). Commentary for "Cape Feare", in The Simpsons: The Complete Fourth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  36. ^ Mirkin, David. (2005). Commentary for "Sideshow Bob Roberts", in The Simpsons: The Complete Sixth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  37. ^ "Producer speaks out on cartoon cameos". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  38. ^ Leopold, Todd (2007-09-21). "The man who makes 'The Simpsons' sing". CNN Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  39. ^ *"Primetime Emmy Awards Advanced Search". Emmys.org. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
  40. ^ Reiss, Mike. (2003). Commentary for "Black Widower", in The Simpsons: The Complete Third Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  41. ^ a b "The Family Dynamic". Entertainment Weekly. 2003-01-29. Retrieved 2007-10-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ "TV Tidbits". The Hamilton Spectator. 1997-02-20. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  43. ^ a b Michels, Pete. (2006). Commentary for "Brother From Another Series", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eighth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  44. ^ "The Simpsons". Entertainment Weekly. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2009-01-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ Dadds, Kimberley (2007-09-14). "Frasier cast to reunite for Simpsons". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2007-10-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ Canning, Robert (2007-11-26). "The Simpsons: "Funeral for a Fiend" Review". IGN. Retrieved 2009-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ^ Eric Goldman, Dan Iverson, Brian Zoromski (2006-09-06). "Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters". IGN.com. Retrieved 2007-06-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ McCallum, Pat (2006). "100 Greatest Villains Ever". Wizard (177). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  49. ^ Finley, Adam (2006-06-20). "The Five: Great Simpsons guest stars". TV Squad. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  50. ^ McCollum, Charlie (2003-04-24). "300 reasons to love The Simpsons". The Courier-Mail. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  51. ^ Keveney, Bill (2000-01-24). "Woo hoo! - Even past it's prime 'The Simpsons' is still prime comedy". Chicago Tribune. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  52. ^ a b Turner, pp. 129–131.
  53. ^ "Grammer nets early Emmy for Simpsons villain portrayal". CBC Arts. 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2007-10-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ Wook, Kim (2008-05-11). "Springfield of Dreams: 16 Great 'Simpsons' Guest Voices". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-05-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ Tucker, Ken (2003-02-07). "The Family Dynamic - At 300 episodes and counting, the Simpsons--TV's answer to the great American novel--continues to be a show about everything". Entertainment Weekly (694): pp. 28–43. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |pages= has extra text (help)
  56. ^ Cartwright, Nancy (2000). My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy. New York City: Hyperion. p. 264. ISBN 0-7868-8600-5.
  57. ^ Groening, Matt. (2004). Commentary for "Cape Feare", in The Simpsons: The Complete Fifth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  58. ^ Goldman, Eric; Dan Iverson, Brian Zoromski (2006-09-08). "The Simpsons: 17 Seasons, 17 Episodes". IGN. Retrieved 2007-10-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ Orvted, John (2007-07-05). "Springfield's Best". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2007-10-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ Rayner, Ben. "Eye on Springfield". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  61. ^ "2007 Awards Winners". wga.org. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  62. ^ Arnold, pp. 2–3.
  63. ^ a b Arnold, pp. 12–13.
  64. ^ Arnold, p. 17
  65. ^ Arnold, p. 16

References

Template:Simpsons characters

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