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Barack Obama Sr.

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For his son, the United States President, see Barack Obama.
Barack Obama, Sr.
Born1936
Kanyadhiang village, Rachuonyo District, Kenya[1]
Died24 November 1982 (aged 46)
Nairobi, Kenya
Resting placeNyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya, Kenya[2]
NationalityKenya
Alma materUniversity of Hawaii
Harvard University
OccupationEconomist
Known forFather of US President Barack Obama
Partner(s)Kezia Obama
Ann Dunham
Ruth Nidesand
Jael[3][4][5]
Children1. (with Kezia): Abongo (Roy) Obama, Auma Obama,
Abo Obama, Bernard Obama
2. (with Ann Dunham): Barack Obama II
3. (with Ruth Nidesand): Mark Ndesandjo,[6] David Ndesandjo
4. (with Jael): George Obama
Parent(s)Hussein Onyango Obama and Akumu Habiba

Barack Hussein Obama (1936 − 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist, and father of the current President of the United States, Barack Obama. He is a central subject in his son's memoir, Dreams from My Father.

Biography

Early years

Barack Obama Sr. was born in kendu bay, karachuonyo[1] on the shores of Lake Victoria just outside Kendu Bay, Kenya, at the time a colony of the British Empire, and raised in the village of Nyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya District.[8] His family are members of the Luo ethnic group. He was the son of Onyango Obama (c. 1895-1979) who had at least three wives; Barack Obama Sr. was the son of Akumu Habiba, the second wife. However, he was raised by Onyango's third wife, Sarah, after Akumu left her family and separated from her husband in 1945.[2][9] Before working as a cook for missionaries in Nairobi, Onyango had travelled widely, enlisting in the British colonial forces and visiting Europe, India, and Zanzibar, where he converted from Roman Catholicism to Islam and took the name Hussein Onyango Obama. Although Obama Sr. was born into a Muslim family, he was an atheist before he came to the United States.[7] Obama Sr. was married in 1954 at the age of eighteen, in a tribal ceremony to Kezia, with whom he had four children.

Education and fatherhood

While still living near Kendu Bay, Obama Sr. went to Gendia Primary School and shifted to Ng’iya Intermediate School once his family relocated to Siaya District.[1] From 1950 to 1953, he studied at Maseno National School, an exclusive Christian boarding school in Maseno that is run by the Anglican Church of Kenya. The head teacher, B.L. Bowers, described Obama Sr. in his records as "very keen, steady, trustworthy and friendly. Concentrates, reliable and out-going."[10]

Obama Sr. received a scholarship in economics through a program organized by nationalist leader Tom Mboya. The program offered Western educational opportunities to outstanding Kenyan students. [11] President Obama said of his father's scholarship, "The Kennedys decided: 'We're going to do an airlift. We're going to go to Africa and start bringing young Africans over to this country and give them scholarships to study so they can learn what a wonderful country America is. This young man named Barack Obama [Sr.] got one of those tickets and came over to this country.'"[12] An article by Michael Dobbs in The Washington Post, however, states that the Kennedy family did not become associated with the educational airlift until 1960, a year after Obama Sr. was studying in the United States. Initial financial supporters of the program included Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Jackie Robinson, and Elizabeth Mooney Kirk, a literacy advocate who provided most of the financial support for Obama Sr.'s early years in the United States, according to the Tom Mboya archives at Stanford University.[11]

At the age of 23, Obama Sr. enrolled at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, leaving behind a pregnant Kezia and their infant son. He had already turned away from Islam and become an atheist by the time he moved to the United States.[7] On 2 February 1961, Obama Sr. married fellow student Ann Dunham in Maui, Hawaii[13] though she would not find out that her new husband was already married until much later.[14] Obama Sr.'s and Dunham's son, Barack Obama II, was born on August 4, 1961. Dunham left school to care for the baby, while Obama Sr. completed his degree. He graduated from the University of Hawaii in June 1962, leaving shortly thereafter to travel to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he would begin graduate study at Harvard University in the fall.[14] Later that summer, Dunham and the year-old baby Barack stopped to visit her friends in Mercer Island, Washington, the Seattle suburb where she had grown up,[14][15][16] before joining Obama Sr. in Cambridge. However, mother and son soon returned to Seattle, where she enrolled at the University of Washington.[15][14] Dunham, missing her family, then moved back to Hawaii[15] and filed for divorce in Honolulu in January 1964. Obama Sr. did not contest, and the divorce was granted.[13] He visited his son only once, in 1971, when Barack was 10 years old.[14]

While at Harvard, Obama Sr. met an American-born teacher named Ruth Nidesand. She followed him to Kenya when he returned there after he received a master's degree (AM) in economics from Harvard in 1965.[17] Nidesand eventually became his third wife and had two children with him before they divorced.[18]

Return to Kenya

On his return to Kenya, Obama Sr. was hired by an oil company and then served as an economist in the Ministry of Transport, and later became senior economist in the Kenyan Ministry of Finance.[19] In 1965 Obama Sr. wrote a paper titled "Problems Facing Our Socialism," published in the East Africa Journal, harshly criticizing the blueprint for national planning, "African Socialism and Its Applicability to Planning in Kenya", which had been produced by Tom Mboya's Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.[20] As President Barack Obama describes in his memoir, his father's conflict with President Kenyatta destroyed his career.

Obama Sr.'s life then took a tailspin into drinking and poverty, from which he never recovered. His friend, Kenyan journalist Philip Ochieng, has described Obama Sr.'s difficult personality and drinking problems in the Kenya newspaper The Nation.[11] Obama Sr. lost both legs in an automobile collision, and subsequently lost his job. He died in 1982, at the age of 46, in a car crash in Nairobi.[11]

Obama Sr. is buried in at the village of Nyang’oma Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya. His funeral was attended by ministers Robert Ouko, Oloo Aringo and other prominent political figures.[1]

Bibliography

Otieno jarieko. By Barack H Obama; Kenya. Education Dept. Adult Literacy Section.; Kampala : East African Literature Bureau, 1959-

For more information regarding western-educated Kenyans, see: Western-Educated Elites in Kenya, 1900-1963: The African American Factor by Jim C. Harper

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d The Standard, November 14, 2008: Obama’s dad and his many loves Cite error: The named reference "loves" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Kimberly Powell (2008). "Ancestry of Barack Obama". About.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  3. ^ Scott Fornek (9 September 2007). "The Obama Family Tree". The Chicago Sun Times. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |~url= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Rob Crilly (22 August 2008). "Life is Good in My Nairobi Slum, Says Barack Obama's Younger Brother". The Times. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  5. ^ Mike Pflanz (21 August 2008). "Barack Obama is My Inspiration, Says Lost Brother". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  6. ^ Michael Sheridan (27 July 2008). "Barack Obama's Brother Pushes Chinese Imports on US". The Times Online. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  7. ^ a b c Obama, Barack. "My Spiritual Journey". TIME. Retrieved 2008-09-26. My father was almost entirely absent from my childhood, having been divorced from my mother when I was 2 years old; in any event, although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition.
  8. ^ Ombuor, Joe (2008-11-04). "Obama's father and the origin of Muslim name". The Standard. Retrieved 2008-11-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  9. ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Barack Obama". Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  10. ^ Oywa, John (2008-11-04). "Tracing Obama Snr's steps as a student at Maseno School". The Standard. Retrieved 2008-11-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b c d Michael Dobbs (30 March 2008). "Obama Overstated Kennedy's Role in Helping His Father". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  12. ^ Rice, Xan (6 June 2008). "'Barack's Voice was Just Like His Father's — I Thought He had Come Back from the Dead'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  13. ^ a b Ripley, Amanda (2008-04-09). "The Story of Barack Obama's Mother". Time. Retrieved 2007-04-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ a b c d e Maraniss, David (2008-08-22). "Though Obama Had to Leave to Find Himself, It Is Hawaii That Made His Rise Possible". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-10-27. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ a b c Martin, Jonathan. Obama's mother known here as "uncommon", Seattle Times (2008-04-08).
  16. ^ Montgomery, Rick. “Barack Obama’s mother more than just a Kansas girl”, The Lawrence Journal-World (2008-06-01).
  17. ^ Harvard University (1986). Harvard University 350th Anniversary Alumni Directory. Vol. vol. I (seventeenth edition ed.). Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College. p. p. 904. OCLC 17963336. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |page= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help)
  18. ^ Ochieng, Philip (1 November 2004). "From Home Squared to the US Senate". The East African. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  19. ^ Scott Fornek (9 September 2007). "Barack Obama Sr.: Wrestling with . . . a Ghost". The Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  20. ^ Obama, Barak H. (1965). "Problems Facing Our Socialism" (.PDF). East Africa Journal: pp. 26-33. Retrieved 2008-09-26. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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