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2009 swine flu pandemic in South America

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Main article: 2009 flu pandemic
See also: 2009 flu pandemic by country and 2009 flu pandemic timeline

The 2009 flu pandemic in South America, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 9 June 2009) afflicted at least 2,000 people in South America, with at least 4 confirmed deaths. On 3 May 2009, the first case of the flu in South America was confirmed in a Colombian man who recently travelled from Mexico -- since then, it has spread throughout the continent, excluding French Guiana. By far, the most affected country has been Chile, with more than 9,100 confirmed cases, 21 deaths, and the highest per capita incidence in the world.

The World Health Organization warned about the arrival of the winter in the southern hemisphere, where there are seasonal peaks of flu, that could increase the number of infections.[1]

Overview

Community Outbreaks in South America:
  Community Outbreaks
Outbreak evolution in South America:
  Confirmed cases followed by death
  Confirmed cases
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases
Outbreak evolution in South America:
  5000+ cases
  500+ cases
  50+ cases
  5+ cases
  1+ cases

Template:WebSlice-begin

Cases by country
Country Cases Deaths
Laboratory confirmed Estimated Cases Confirmed
Totals 22,329 265,040 447
 Chile 11,641 85,000 79
 Peru 3,292 30,000 24
 Brazil 3,170 25,000 56
 Argentina 3,056 100,000 219
 Bolivia 910 5,000 6
 Uruguay 550 10,000 22
 Ecuador 477 3,000 17
 Venezuela 426 3,000 2
 Colombia 245 2,000 9
 Paraguay 214 2,000 14
 Suriname 14 25 0
 Guyana 5 15 0

Affected countries

Argentina Argentina

Outbreak evolution in Argentina
  Confirmed cases
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases
Outbreak evolution in Argentina
  1+ death
  10+ deaths
  50+ deaths
Outbreak evolution in Argentina
  50+ cases
  10+ cases
  <5 cases
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Argentina

According to an Epidemic Alert order issued by the Ministry of Health, Airlines have been required to report passengers with influenza symptoms arriving from Mexico and United States. Passengers from these countries must fill out a form to be located should they experience any symptoms.[2] In addition, the government has also stepped up safety checks, and thermal scanners are being used on airports to detect passengers with fever and other influenza symptoms. As of April 28, the Government has suspended all flights originated from Mexico until May 15 as a precautionary measure.[3]

On May 7, Health Authorities confirmed the first case, a tourist that had recently returned from Mexico. 55 other suspected cases continue to be studied under isolation.[4]

On June 15, there were 89 new confirmed cases, increasing the number of cases to 733. The first confirmed death was registered. [citation needed]

A case of human-to-swine transmission was discovered in Buenos Aires province, on June 25. The hog farm where it occurred has been interdicted. [5]

On July 2, the newly appointed Minister of Health Juan Luis Manzur estimated the number of affected people to be as many as 100,000, as well as 52 confirmed deaths. [6] [7]

As of July 14, the number of officially recognised cases has skyrocketed, with 137 deaths, [8] making the death toll in Argentina the second highest in the world, only behind the United States and surpassing that of Mexico.

Bolivia Bolivia

H1N1 in Bolivia
H1N1 in Bolivia

As of July 29, according to Asociación Boliviana de Información the number of cases is 910.[9] The department with more cases is Santa Cruz with more than 550 cases. Due to the increasing amount of cases Bolivian authorities have given students two additional weeks of vacations. Viru Viru International Airport (Santa Cruz) authorities are checking every international and national passenger arriving. Due to the increasing amounts of cases Bolivian authorities are canceling concerts and other big events. The Daddy Yankee concert is already suspened and expected for august. The only departament with no cases is Pando, and it is the least populated departament. Two deaths have been confirmed on july 10, One from a six years old girl and one from a 50 year old man both from Santa Cruz. Most Museums, Cinemas and theaters are closed in Santa Cruz. Most restaurants are open and the biggest cinema in Bolivia, Cine Center are open. The third death has been confirmed on july 16. It was the first confirmed death in the departament of La Paz. Pando, the only departament in Bolivia without the flu has now some suspected cases. As july 21st bolivia has 5 confirmed deaths. The number of cases and deaths are increasing every day. A death has been confirmed in Tarija Departament making Bolivia have 6 deaths.

Brazil Brazil

Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Brazil
  Confirmed deaths
  Confirmed cases
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases
  0 deaths
  1+ death
  5+ death
  10+ deaths
  50+ cases
  5+ cases
  1+ cases

Two people who had arrived in Brazil from Mexico with symptoms of an undefined illness were hospitalized in São Paulo on April 25. It was initially suspected that they were suffering from the swine flu virus.[10] The Brazilian Ministry of Health later issued a press release stating that while the exact cause of the two patients illnesses remained unknown, they "did not meet the definition of suspected cases of swine influenza because they did not have signs and symptoms consistent with the disease: fever over 39 °C, accompanied by coughing and/or a headache, muscle and joint pain."[11]

The press release also stated that airports would monitor travelers arriving from affected areas, under the direction of the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Air crews were trained on signs and symptoms of swine influenza so that passengers displaying symptoms would receive guidance from ANVISA upon arrival.

On May 30, the Minister sayed that the country has 20 confirmed cases, 8 in São Paulo, 5 in Rio de Janeiro, 4 in Santa Catarina, 1 in Minas Gerais, 1 in Rio Grande do Sul and 1 in Tocantins. Three of the 5 cases in Rio are of transmission inside the country and two of the four in Santa Catarina are two.

On June 2, 3 more cases were confirmed, one in São Paulo and two in Rio de Janeiro, increasing the number of cases to 23.

On June 4, the number of confirmed cases increase to 28 with another 3 in São Paulo and 2 in Mato Grosso do Sul.

On June 19, the total number of confirmed cases was 131[12], being 55 in São Paulo, 26 in Santa Catarina, 19 in Minas Gerais, 15 in Rio de Janeiro, 4 in Tocantins, 3 in Distrito Federal, 2 in Espírito Santo, 2 in Goiás, 2 in Mato Grosso, 1 in Bahia, 1 in Rio Grande do Norte and 1 in Rio Grande do Sul.

Chile Chile

Outbreak evolution in Chile:
  Confirmed cases followed by death
  Confirmed cases
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases
File:H1N1 Confirmed Cases Chile Map.svg
Outbreak evolution in Chile:
Confirmed Cases
  50+ cases
  5+ cases
  1+ cases
  no cases
Main article: Flu pandemic in Chile

On April 27, the Assistant Secretary of Health Jeanette Vega, confirmed that there are eight suspected cases of swine influenza in the country, which are being examined at the Hospital del Tórax in Santiago. Five other cases have been dismissed by the authorities.[13]

On April 28 the Health Ministry announced 26 cases under investigation: 16 in Santiago; 2 in Atacama; 2 in Valparaíso; 4 in O´Higgins Region; 1 in Biobío and 1 in Araucanía. 16 other cases have been dismissed.[14]

On May 1, the Health Ministry announced that it continued to investigate 4 suspected cases: 2 in Santiago, 1 in Valparaíso and 1 in Araucanía. To date, 80 suspected cases have been examined by the Health Ministry; 76 of those have been dismissed.[15] Another suspected case was identified on May 2, bringing the number of cases under investigation to 5.[16]

On May 10, the Health Ministry announced that 116 cases have been dismissed, and there are no cases pending test results.[17]

On May 17, the Chilean Health Minister confirmed, the first case of A(H1N1) flu in Chile,[18] the same day two more cases were confirmed.[19]

On May 29, the Chilean Health ministry confirmed the number of cases of A-H1N1 had risen to 224,[20] the same day two more cases were confirmed.[21]

On June 3 Chile suffered its first confirmed death of swine flu. A 37 year old man from Puerto Montt.[22]

On June 9, the Ministry confirmed the number of cases had risen to 1694 and the number of deaths to 2. In this report, the minister stated that 1.7% of the cases have required hospitalization, 0.12% have resulted in death, 35,3% are being isolated in their residences while the remaining 63% are said to be in full recovery.[23]

On June 12, the Ministry confirmed the number of cases had risen to 2335. In the report, the minister stated that 2.4% of the cases have required hospitalization, 0.08% (2 cases) have resulted in death, 53% of the cases are men and 66% is from 5 to 19 years old.[24]

Colombia Colombia

Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Colombia
File:H1N1 Colombia Map.svg
H1N1 in Colombia
H1N1 in Colombia

The Minister of Social Protection, Diego Palacio Betancourt, announced on April 26, 2009, that 12 suspect cases had been detected, 9 in Bogotá and 3 on the Caribbean coast. Samples of the virus have been sent to the USA for comparisons and analysis. Results of the testing were expected within few days. On April 27, the Government declared a "national disaster" state[25] in order to face the emergency, which allowed health authorities to have a special budget to do so.[26] As of April 28, most of the suspect cases were excluded, with only four remaining: three Mexican teachers in Bogotá, and one person in Cartagena.[27] Another 38 suspect cases were under observation.[28] On April 29, the suspect cases raised to 49, with 10 of them "highly" suspect.[29] The government purchased 400,000 oseltamivir(Tamiflu) doses, which will be distributed through the Social Protection ministry to the affected if there are confirmed cases.[30]

On May 3, 2009, Minister Palacio confirmed the first case of A(H1N1) in Colombia,[27] in a 42-year-old person from Zipaquirá, who recently travelled to Mexico.[31] According to Palacio, only one out of 18 tests sent to Atlanta was positive. The patient was isolated and put under medical treatment. On the same day, Palacio stated there were 108 suspect cases in the country. On June 9, first death of H1N1 was confirmed.[31] Ten days later, a local newspaper El Tiempo annunced a new death on Bogota, reported at June 21.[32] On July 17, El Tiempo reported the first death of swine flu outside of Cundinamarca, which is also the seventh in all of Colombia.[33]

Ecuador Ecuador

File:H1N1 Ecuador Map.svg
Outbreak evolution in Ecuador:
  Confirmed cases
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Ecuador

Health officials are carrying out checks on people with flu symptoms entering the country from sea or air.[34] On April 29, Ecuador closed its borders to Mexican citizens and foreigners of other nationalities arriving from Mexico for a period of 30 days.[35] On May 15, Health officials confirmed the first case of AH1N1 flu in Ecuador.[36] On May 20, the Health Department confirmed 7 more new cases of AH1N1, raising the total number of infected people to 8,[37] the number has now risen to 41.[38]

Paraguay Paraguay

Outbreak evolution in Paraguay
Main article: 2009 swine flu outbreak in Paraguay

On June 1, the Minister of Health confirmed the first 5 cases in the country but stated that the situation was under control.[39]

On June 8, twenty more cases were confirmed by the Ministry of Health raising the total number to 25.[40]

On July 21, 214 cases were confirmed by the Ministry of Health and 13 deads.

Peru Peru

Outbreak evolution in Peru
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Peru

The Governor of Callao, Alex Kouri, ordered that all passengers from any infected country, mainly Mexico, Canada and USA, must be checked before their arrival on Peruvian territory. Also, the Peruvian government must be warned of any case or symptom of fever. This step is in order to prevent any infections, since the main port and airport of Peru are located in Callao. Also, the government has prepared a special area at the Hospital "Daniel Alcides Carrión" to treat cases of this disease.[41]

The first suspicious case has been detected in the morning of April 27, 2009. It was a Peruvian woman who returned from Mexico.[42]

In Peru 5 people were considered suspects with the virus, but as of April 28 have been confirmed to be healthy and not carrying the H1N1 virus. The government has stated that the country is clean, but efforts are being made to examine slaughterhouses and they are screening incoming passengers from problem areas.[43]

On April 29, Peru's Health Minister Oscar Ugarte confirmed one case of swine flu. On April 30, he said the case is not entirely confirmed. Having recently visited Mexico, the patient was flying in a Copa Airlines airplane from Panama to Buenos Aires on April 28, but the flight was diverted to Lima due to her illness. The crew only notified of the suspicion of swine flu only after the passenger had checked in the airport. Three more suspected cases were being investigated. Ugarte also announced the suspension of all commercial flights from Mexico to Peru.[41] On May 14, Ugarte totally confirmed a case of swine flu from a peruvian woman who returned from New York, plus another suspected case in Trujillo from another woman in the same flight. On May 17, the second case was confirmed, an American born man residing in Arequipa. He had returned from the US on May 12, not showing any symptoms until two days later.[44]

On May 18 a new case was confirmed, a scholar returning from a trip to Dominican Republic, that studied in the Altair school. Classes for her class in that school had being suspended until May 25. 19 May, another case of a scholar from the same trip to Dominican Republic. Student had contact with 3rd victim and both studied in the same school.[45]

Suriname Suriname

On June 15, the first case of flu was confirmed in the country.[46] On June 25, 13 more cases were confirmed.

Uruguay Uruguay

Outbreak evolution in Uruguay
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Uruguay

Uruguay confirmed its first two cases on May 27 in a 27 year old man and a 15 year woman who recently arrived from Argentina.[47]

On June 8, two private schools in Montevideo were closed in order to prevent an increase in the number of infected people.[48]

On June 11, the number of cases on Uruguay increased to 36.

As of June 12, the Ministry of Health won't give anymore information about new cases, since the flu has entered into a pandemic phase, arguing that it's no longer needed. However, they will start studying possible outbreaks inside the country. To date, there are 1500 suspected cases.[49]

As of June 22, the Ministry of Health confirmed 195 cases present in the country.[50]

On June 29, the first death due to A H1N1 Influenza happens.

As of July 3, four persons died because of this flu.

On July 14 the Ministry of Health confirmed 15 deaths as caused by this flu.

Venezuela Venezuela

Outbreak evolution in Venezuela
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic in Venezuela

Controls have been raised at airports to prevent contagion from spreading. Travellers from the United States and Mexico with flu symptoms are being isolated until they are given the all clear. Pig farms in the country are being "closely inspected" and stockpiles of medicines built up.[34]

On May 28 the Health Minister, Jesús Mantilla, confirmed the first case of the A/H1N1 flu in a Venezuelan citizen who arrived in a flight from Panama four days ago. He was isolated to the place he is receiving treatment and his condition is stable.[51] The following day, a second case was confirmed from another person who also arrived from the same flight.[52]

On June 1 another case was tested positive and was also linked to the previous two cases.[53]

On June 3 a fourth case was confirmed from a male citizen who arrived from Brazil. The Minister of Health confirmed that all the patients are stable and there is no need to alarm the population.[54]

On June 8, the number of confirmed cases increased to 12 also from citizens who arrived from Panama, France and the U.S.A.[55] Later that day a 13th case was confirmed, this time an 9 year old boy who recently came from Colombia.[56]

On June 9, one more case was confirmed again in the Andean region.[57]

On June 14, The number of venezuelans infected with the virus AH1N1 rose to 44 this day, reported in statements to the Bolivarian News Agency (ABN) the Deputy Minister of Health Networks of the Ministry of People's Power for Health Nancy Perez. In this way, 44 cases of the virus AH1N1 in the country are divided into the following Federal Entities: 17 Miranda, Anzoategui 10; Táchira 4 Aragua 4; Merida 2; Vargas 2; Bolivar 2; Zulia 1; Carabobo 1 and Nueva Esparta 1.[58]

Timeline

2009 A(H1N1) Outbreak and Pandemic Milestones in South America
3 May Colombia First case confirmed in Colombia.
7 May Argentina First case confirmed in Argentina.
Brazil First case confirmed in Brazil.
14 May Peru First case confirmed in Peru.
15 May Ecuador First case confirmed in Ecuador.
17 May Chile First case confirmed in Chile.
19 May Paraguay First case confirmed in Paraguay.
27 May Uruguay First case confirmed in Uruguay.
28 May Bolivia First case confirmed in Bolivia.
Venezuela First case confirmed in Venezuela.
Argentina Community outbreaks confirmed in Argentina.
30 may Chile Community outbreaks confirmed in Chile.
2 June Chile First death confirmed in Chile.
9 June Colombia First death confirmed in Colombia.
12 June Uruguay Community outbreaks confirmed in Uruguay.
15 June Argentina First death confirmed in Argentina.
16 June Suriname First case confirmed in Suriname.
20 June Venezuela Community outbreaks confirmed in Venezuela.
25 June Argentina First human-to-animal transmission of the virus in Argentina.
28 June Brazil First death confirmed in Brazil.
29 June Uruguay First death confirmed in Uruguay.
1 July Paraguay First death confirmed in Paraguay.
5 July Peru First death confirmed in Peru.
7 July Guyana First case confirmed in Guyana.
10 July Ecuador First death confirmed in Ecuador.
Bolivia First death confirmed in Bolivia.
16 July Brazil Community outbreaks confirmed in Brazil.
Colombia Community outbreaks confirmed in Colombia.
18 July Venezuela First death confirmed in Venezuela.
22 July Peru Community outbreaks confirmed in Peru.
23 July Bolivia Community outbreaks confirmed in Bolivia.
25 July Ecuador Community outbreaks confirmed in Ecuador.
26 July Paraguay Community outbreaks confirmed in Paraguay.

Top 5 in South America

Rank Countries with the most number of Confirmed Cases. Rank Countries with the most number of Confirmed Deaths.
1st Chile Chile 1st Argentina Argentina
2nd Argentina Argentina 2nd Chile Chile
3rd Brazil Brazil 3rd Brazil Brazil
4th Peru Peru 4th Uruguay Uruguay
5th Uruguay Uruguay 5th Peru Peru

References

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