Bill Clinton

**Bill Clinton**

File:Clinton.jpg
Rank:	42nd (1993-2001)
Predecessor:	George Bush
Successor:	George W. Bush
Date of Birth:	August 19, 1946
Place of Birth:	Hope, Arkansas
First Lady:	Hillary Rodham
Occupation:	lawyer
Political Party:	Democrat
Vice President:	Albert Gore, Jr.

William Jefferson Clinton (August 19, 1946 -) was the 42nd President of the United States, a Democrat who served from 1993-2001.

He was born in Hope, Arkansas and raised in Hot Springs, Arkansas. He was named William Jefferson Blythe IV after his father, William Jefferson Blythe III, who had been killed in a car accident just three months before his son was born. Clinton was raised by his mother and stepfather George Clinton, rising from poverty to graduate from Georgetown University, attending England's prestigious Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship, and receiving a law degree from Yale Law School. Bill Clinton was governor of the state of Arkansas for six terms, from 1978 to 1980 and from 1982 to 1992.

Clinton was the first Democrat to serve two full terms as President since Franklin Delano Roosevelt. His election ended an era in which the Republican party had controlled the Presidency for 12 consecutive years, and for 20 of the previous 24 years. That election also brought the Democrats full control of the political branches of the federal government, including both houses of Congress as well as the Presidency, for the first time since the administration of Jimmy Carter.

Clinton won the 1992 election largely on a platform focussing on domestic issues, notably the economic recession of the pre-election period - using the line "It's the economy, stupid!" in his campaigning. Throughout the 1990's, Clinton presided over continuous economic expansion, reductions in unemployment, and growing wealth through the massive rise in the share market. Clinton's role in promoting this prosperity is a matter of considerable debate: some substantial credit can be apportioned to groups such as the Congress and Federal Reserve head Alan Greenspan, as well as the congruence of technological and global economic conditions which had little to do with Clinton.

After two years of Democratic party control under the leadership of President Clinton, the mid-term elections in 1994 proved disastrous for the Democrats. They lost control of both houses of Congress for the first time in 40 years. This result was in large part the result of a failed attempt to create a comprehensive government-controlled health care system under a plan developed by the first lady, Hillary Rodham Clinton.

He was impeached in 1998 by the House of Representatives, and acquitted by the Senate in the following year. The impeachment cited abuse of powers and for perjury -- lying under oath to a Grand Jury regarding matters related to his sexual affair with Monica Lewinsky (uncovered by an investigation into the unrelated Whitewater Scandal). Clinton lied under oath about his affair with Lewinsky to gain advantage in a sexual harassment case brought by Paula Jones, a case he later settled paying Paula Jones $850,000. Clinton was also found to be in contempt of court for lying under oath, and ordered to pay a $90,000 fine. This contempt citation led to disbarment proceedings similiar to Richard Nixon's. To avoid these Clinton surrendered his law license.

Most of Clinton's presidency was overshadowed by numerous scandals including the Ken Starr-led Whitewater investigation. The investigation, which originally dealt with a failed land deal years earlier, eventually expanded to include the alleged suicide of his friend Vince Foster, an alleged sexual encounter with a woman named Paula Jones (who later admitted to taking money from conservative political groups, but received a settlement from Clinton), "Troopergate"- in which an Arkansas State Trooper claimed to have arranged sexual encounters for then Governor Clinton (claims the State Trooper later recanted among admissions he had taken money from the conservative tabloid "American Spectator") and his sexual encounters with Monica Lewinsky.

He developed a close working relationship with Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, when he was elected in 1997.

He paid a personal interest in The Troubles in Northern Ireland and paid three visits there while he was president in order to encourage peace. This helped both sides in the divided community there to begin to talk, setting in motion the process that lead to the Provisional Irish Republican Army commencing disarmament on October 23rd 2001.

In 1999, in conjunction with a Congress controlled by the Republican party he balanced the US budget for the first time since 1969.

Major legislation he signed

Creation of the Americorps volunteer program
1994 Crime Bill Expansion - as part of an omnibus crime bill, the federal death penalty was expanded to some 60 different offenses
Brady bill
Telecom bill, which eliminated major ownership restrictions for radio and television groups.
Communications Decency Act
Welfare Reform
NAFTA
Minimum Wage increase
Defense of marriage act, allowed states the power to not recognize gay marriages granted in other states, among other things

Supreme Court appointments

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, 1993
Stephen Breyer, 1994

Major legislation he vetoed

Republican 1996 national budget (leading to a temporary government shutdown)
H.R. 1833, partial birth abortion ban
Twice vetoed Welfare Reform before signing the identical act. ( An act which radically lowered welfare roles. )

Major legislation he failed to get passed through Congress

Healthcare Reform - appointed a committee headed by Hillary Rodham Clinton to come up with a universal health care plan. Complexity, poor design, and resistance from the insurance and the medical establishment resulted in lack of support, although some view the plan as groundbreaking it failed to get a single vote.

Initiatives

Social Security Reform - appointed a committee on Social Security Reform and then dismissed their recommendations without ever proposing legislation.
Tried to get Ehud Barak of Israel and Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Council to agree to a final settlement agreement.
Initiated the Don't ask, don't tell policy toward gays in the military, 1993.

Timeline

April 19, 1993 - government siege on the Branch Davidian coumpound at Waco, Texas results in the death of 80 people - Republicans blame Clinton and Attorney General Janet Reno, rather than cult leader David Koresh
July 20, 1993 - Clinton friend and confidant Vince Foster commits suicide during the height of the Whitewater investigation
October 3, 1993 - Somalia Disaster, Ranger Units receive heavy casualies in Somalia. Military disgruntled because it was denied the hardware it thought essential to the operation.
April 19, 1995 - Bombing of federal building in Oklahoma City results in the death of 168 people
December, 1995 - Clinton organizes the Dayton Peace Accords at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio, temporarily bringing a cease fire to the Balkan States
November, 1996 - Clinton is re-elected, defeating Republican challenger Bob Dole
October, 1997 - Visit by Chinese premier Jiang Zemin to Whitehouse
August 1998 - Clinton orders cruise missile strikes on Afghanistan and an pharmaceutical factory in Sudan
NATO bombs Kosovo and Serbia March 24 to 10 June 1999
May 7 1999 - US planes bomb Chinese embassy in Belgrade

He ended his presidency with approval ratings in the high 60%, despite granting presidential pardons which most people considered highly controversial. As the details unfolded, 140 pardons on the last day of office, some given to contributors, one to a cocaine trafficker, Clintons approval ratings slumped.