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Assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh

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Assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh
LocationDubai, United Arab Emerites
DateJanuary 19, 2010
TargetMahmoud al-Mabhouh
Attack type
Assassination
Deaths1
PerpetratorUnknown (26 Mossad agents is most alleged)

The assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, co-founder of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the paramilitary wing of the Islamist Palestinian group Hamas, occured on 19 January, 2010 in a hotel room in Dubai.[1] al-Mabhouh's assassination attracted international attention over suspicions that it was allegedly sanctioned by the Israeli government and allegedly carried out by Mossad agents holding fake or fraudulently obtained passports of several European countries and Australia.

The photographs of eleven suspects, and the names they used, have been placed on Interpol's most-wanted list. According to Dubai's authorities, there are up to eighteen suspects, six of whom carried British passports, six Irish, one French and one German.[2][3][4] Interpol and the Dubai police believe the suspects stole the identities of real people, seven of whom are to be Israeli dual citizens.[5] Two Palestinians were taken into custody in Dubai, on suspicions that one of them provided logistical assistance to the hit team.

The German on the suspected hit team, Michael Bodenheimer, had acquired German citizenship (in the summer of 2009) by showing the German authorities his parents' marriage certificate. He also stated that he was an Israeli citizen and gave his address as a temporary 'virtual office' that he had bought in Herzliya (as of the 22nd of February the office does not exist anymore).[6]

According to initial reports, al-Mabhouh was electrocuted and suffocated.[3] Lt. Gen. Dhahi Khalfan Tamim of the Dubai Police Force said the suspects tracked al-Mabhouh to Dubai from Damascus, Syria. They arrived from different European destinations and stayed at different hotels to avoid being detected.[3]

According to an Arab diplomatic source, Dubai police had asked Syria to detain Mohammed Nasser and other Hamas men for questioning. According to media reports, Nasser was in Dubai in the days before Mabhouh's killing and was intimately familiar with his schedule and whereabouts.[7]

Dubai's police chief has said that he is "99% certain" that the assassination was the work of Israel's Mossad, but to date has offered no direct evidence to support his presumption. He has said that Dubai will ask for an arrest warrant to be issued for Meir Dagan, the head of Mossad, if it is confirmed that the Mossad is involved and responsible for the killing of the commander in Dubai.[8] The leadership of Hamas also holds Israel responsible for the killing and has vowed revenge.[9] Hamas, which is itself on the list of terrorist organizations, requested that the European Union add Israel to the list because of suspicions that Israel was involved in the assassination.[10] Israel has neither confirmed nor denied that the Mossad was involved in the killing.[3]

Death

Timeline of key events[11]
(January 19, 2010)
2:29 am Team leader arrives in Dubai
3:25 pm Mabhouh arrives at hotel
3:51 pm Team reserves opposite room
4:23 pm Mabhouh exits hotel
8:24 pm He comes back to hotel
(Mabhouh is killed)
8:46 pm Team begins to leave hotel
(January 20)
1:30 pm Body of Mabhouh discovered

On January 19, 2010, al-Mabhouh was killed in his room in a hotel in Dubai, after being followed by at least 11 suspects carrying fake or fraudlently obtained passports from various European nations, 14 of them using credit cards issued by MetaBank. The Sunday Times reports that al-Mabhouh's departure from Damascus, Syria to Dubai on Emirates Flight 912 at 10:05 a.m. on January 19 was tracked by an agent on the ground in Damascus.[12] Salah Bardawil, a Hamas legislator, said al-Mabhouh put himself at risk by booking his trip online and informing family in Gaza by telephone the hotel at which he would be staying on his trip.[13] Though there were reports that al-Mabhouh traveled under a false passport,[12][14] Hamas and Dubai officials maintain that al-Mabhouh entered the country under his own identity at 3:15 p.m.[15][16] Normally al-Mabhouh would have been protected by bodyguards, but their arrival was delayed because the plane was full.[17]

Dubai’s police chief, Lt Gen Dahi Khalfan, stated that Mabhouh was transiting in Dubai before traveling to China.[18] Upon arrival in Dubai, al-Mabhouh took a taxi to the Al Bustan Rotana hotel and settled into room 230.[19] He had asked for a room with no balcony and sealed windows, so no one could enter other than through the door. He showered, changed, left documents in the safe, and then exited the hotel between 4:30 and 5 p.m, roughly an hour having passed since first checking in.[20] What he did during the next three to four hours is unclear. Dubai’s police chief said he did not meet anyone in the emirate. He just went shopping and returned to his hotel, where the crime took place.[18] Other reports said he went to Dubai's Iranian consulate for a meeting or that he met with "people from his own group".[21] At 8:24 p.m. al-Mabhouh came back to the room,[19] and subsequently failed to answer a call from his wife a half hour later.[20]

An Al Bustan Rotana Hotel room in Dubai.

Hotel surveillance footage released to the public shows the suspects, who had arrived on separate flights, meeting in the hotel. While the suspects apparently used personal encrypted communication devices among themselves to avoid surveillance,[22] the suspects were alleged by Dubai police to have sent and received a number of SMS messages to telephone numbers in Austria. When al-Mabhouh arrived around 3pm, two of the suspects dressed in tennis attire followed him to determine which room he had checked into (230), as well as the number of the room immediately across the hall (237). The information is alleged by the Dubai police to have been communicated to a third party, who then telephoned from a different hotel to book room 237. According to surveillance videos, the individual who checked into 237 did not enter the room, but appears to have given the room key to an accomplice in the lobby of the hotel, and then to immediately have left Dubai, prior to the assasination taking place. Al-Mabhouh later left the hotel and while several of the suspects kept watch, it is thought that a suspect or suspect(s) tried to gain entry to his room. One of the lookout suspects can be seen on video delaying a tourist who exits the elevator on the second floor at this time, apparently to give other team members time to act. While another suspect distracted the tourist, it is alleged that four suspects entered the victim’s hotel room and waited for him to return. The evidence for this is the fact that four men arrived by elevator and entered the hallway where the victim's room and the alleged perpetrator's rooms were located at this time and the same four men immediately left after the murder is supposed to have taken place. A readout of activity that took place on the hotel room's electronic door lock indicate that an attempt was made to reprogram al-Mabhouh’s electronic door lock at this time. The investigators believe that the electronic lock on al-Mabhouh’s door may have been reprogrammed and that the assassins gained entry to his room this way[23] The locks in question, VingCard Locklink brand (Dubai police video, 21:42), can be accessed and reprogrammed directly at the hotel room door.

According to Dubai police, he was dead by 9 p.m. that evening.[16] On January 20, the following day, his body was found in his hotel room.[12][24] Interestingly, even though the only entrance to Mabhouh's room was through the door,[20] the room door was found to be locked from the inside.[25] After al-Mabhouh's death, his remains were subsequently moved to Damascus for burial.

Cause of death

Initially, Dubai authorities believed al-Mabhouh had died of natural causes.[26] Fawzi Benomran, the Dubai police coroner, said, "It was meant to look like death from natural causes during sleep." He described the determination of the exact cause of death as "one of the most challenging cases" his department has faced.[27]

Dubai police said that results from their preliminary forensic report found that al-Mabhouh was first paralyzed via electric shock and then suffocated, though their investigation and final report on the matter would not be ready until the beginning of March.[16] The Khaleej Times quoted an unnamed senior police official as saying that four masked assailants had shocked al-Mabhouh's legs before using a pillow to suffocate him.[28] Another story reported by Uzi Mahnaimi stated that a hit team killed al-Mabhouh with a heart-attack inducing drug, then proceeded to take photographs of his documents before leaving.[12]

Al-Mabhouh's family said that medical teams who examined his body determined that he died in his hotel room after being strangled and receiving a massive electric shock to the head. According to Reuters news agency traces of poison were found in al Mabhouh's autopsy.[29] According to another report, blood samples sent to a French laboratory confirmed that he died from electrocution.[24] Dubai authorities stated they were ruling the death a homicide and were working with the International Criminal Police Organization to investigate the incident.[30] Other news reports gave varying causes of death, including suffocation with a pillow and poisoning.[31][32][33] In an international press conference General Tamim, the head of the investigation, said that the exact cause of death is yet to be concluded.[34]

Suspects

Wikinews has related news:

Dubai's police chief, Lt. Gen. Dahi Khalfan Tamim announced his preliminary conclusions (on February 18) that, "Our investigations reveal that Mossad is involved in the murder of al-Mabhouh ... It is 99% if not 100% that Mossad is standing behind the murder."[27] On February 20, he said his force had evidence directly incriminating the Mossad in the killing, adding that among the new evidence available are telephone communications between the suspected assassins.[35] According to Uzi Mahnaimi, the decision to assassinate al-Mabhouh was authorized by Israel's Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, after being suggested by Meir Dagan, the head of the Mossad, at a meeting in early January 2010.[36]

Dubai police said the killers spent little time in the emirate, arriving less than a day before the murder, killing al-Mabhouh between his arrival at 3:15 p.m. and 9 p.m. that night, and subsequently leaving the country before his discovery.[16] The identities used by eleven of the suspects have been made public.[37] The total number of suspects stands at eighteen, all of whom entered the country using fake or fraudulently obtained passports.[4][38] Dubai police, who have stated that their airport personnel are trained by Europeans to identify faked documents, said that the European passports used were not forgeries.[39] Both the British and Irish governments said the passports bearing their countries' names were, "either fraudulently obtained or [are] outright fakes."[40]

  • United Kingdom: Six passports with the names Paul John Keely, Stephan Daniel Hodes, Melvyn Adam Mildiner, Jonathan Louis Graham, James Leonard Clarke and Michael Lawrence Barney.[41] Britain's Foreign Office believes that the passports used were fraudulent;[42] one report indicated that they had issued the passports in January, the only difference between the actual identities being the photographs.[43] The Telegraph reported on February 20 that diplomatic sources say that the passport fraud was carried out by Israeli immigration officials. The dual Israeli-British citizens had their passports taken from them as they passed through the airport in Tel Aviv - the details on the documents were recorded (and they were most likely photocopied), and then used to create new documents. These new documents sported the pictures of the suspects, but used the names and numbers of those whose identities were stolen.[44]
  • Republic of Ireland: Three passports with the names Gail Folliard, Kevin Daveron Evan Dennings. Ireland's Department of Foreign Affairs declared that the passports used by the suspects were counterfeit[45] and stated that it was "unable to identify any of those three individuals as being genuine Irish". According to the department, Ireland has never issued passports in those names.[46] While the names and signatures were fake, the numbers on the passports were genuine, and belong to Irish citizens.[4] Four of the five citizens have been contacted by the Department of Foreign Affairs, all of whom live in Ireland; none of them have travelled to the Middle East, lost their passports or had them stolen.[4]
  • France: One passport with the name Peter Elvinger (suspected of being used by the hit squad leader,[47] and logistical coordinator).[48] According to a spokesman of the French Foreign Affairs ministry, the passport was counterfeit.[49] The French government summoned the Israeli chargé d'affaires in Paris on February 18 and the French Foreign Ministry issued a statement expressing, "deep concern about the malicious and fraudulent use of these French administrative documents."[50]
  • Germany: One passport with the name Michael Bodenheimer.[48] German officials initially said that the passport number which they received from the authorities in Dubai is either incomplete or does not exist.[42] Later, it was revealed that the passport was genuine. According to German federal investigators, an Israeli man named Michael Bodenheimer acquired German citizenship in June 2008 after providing immigration officials in Cologne with the pre-World War II address of his grandparents.[51] A Michael Bodenheimer who lives in Israel and holds dual American and Israeli citizenships said he does not know how his identity was stolen.[51]

The names used on the six UK passports and the German passport belong to individuals who live in Israel and hold dual citizenships.[52] An analysis of the assassination in the The Jewish Chronicle notes that this, "is the first real piece of information that could link Israel to the operation."[53] Mossad is known to use the identities of Israelis with dual citizenship. In 1997, two Mossad agents traveled with Canadian passports of dual citizenship Israelis to Amman, Jordan in a botched attempt on the life of Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal.[54] According to former katsa Victor Ostrovsky, a Canadian citizen, the Mossad formally asked permission to use the passports of Israelis with dual nationality, but "I believe at some point, they stopped asking".[55]

A Jerusalem-based British citizen whose name was used on one of the passports told Reuters news agency that he has never been to Dubai and had no connection with the Mossad or the assassination. He said that he did not "know how this happened or who chose my name or why".[56] In addition, three other Israelis whose names appeared on the passports reported to the Israeli Channel 2 news that they did not understand the coincidence, and were not related at all to the suspects.[42][57] In the wake of the revelation that passports of British citizens had figured prominently in the operation, the United Kingdom's Serious Organised Crime Agency launched its own investigation into the matter.[58] The British Foreign Office also summoned the Israeli ambassador on February 18 to share information on the matter.[59][60] The Daily Mail cited a previously reliable "British security source" as stating that Mossad had tipped off the UK that their passports would be used for an operation,[61] but this was denied by the UK government.[62]

The photographs of 11 of the suspected assassins were added to Interpol's most wanted list on February 18, with a note specifying that they had been published since the identities adopted by the suspects were faked. Dubai airport officials carried out routine retinal scans on 11 of the suspects sought in the assassination when they entered the country and Dubai police said they would publish the scans through INTERPOL.[63]

Dubai police reported that some of the suspects carried credit cards issued in the names used in the passports they carried. These credit cards were used to buy their plane tickets in other countries before their arrival in Dubai.[64] There were reports that the credit cards were American-issued and that the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation might also investigate.[65]

The former Mossad agent, Victor Ostrovsky indicated that many of the details from the CCTV video of an alleged 11-person assassination team indicate that the operation was likely rushed.[66]

Arrests

Two Palestinians -- Ahmad Hasnin, and Anwar Shekhaiber were arrested in Jordan and handed over to Dubai, suspected of giving logistical assistance.[67] The two men are reported to be related to one another and to have lived in Gaza until Hamas took over full control of the Strip in 2006. Dubai authorities said than one of the two Palestinians held in custody met a suspect in a suspicious place, time and manner.

Second round of suspects

On February 24, Dubai police identified 15 additional persons suspected of being involved in al-Mabhouh's assassination.[68][69]

  • United Kingdom: Six passports with the names Daniel Marc Schnur, Gabriella Barney, Roy Allan Cannon, Stephen Keith Drake, Mark Sklur, and Philip Carr.
  • Ireland: Three passports with the names Ivy Brinton, Anna Shuana Clasby, and Chester Halvey.
  • France: Three passports with the names David Bernard LaPierre, Mélanie Heard, and Eric Rassineux.
  • Australia: Three passports with the names Bruce Joshua Daniel, Nicole Sandra Mccabe (who is heavily pregnant according to her mother [70]), and Adam Korman.[71] Adam Marcus Korman, an Israeli-Australian citizen living in Israel told ynet news that he was shocked and angry that his identity was stolen.[72]


14 of the suspects used credit cards issued by MetaBank.[73][74] Dubai police said some hit squad members fled to Iran after the assassination.[75] Other credit cards show ties to Britain's Nationwide Building Society, IDT Finance of Gilbraltar, and Germany's DZ Bank AG. Thera are also ties to Payoneer Inc., based in New York. This companany has ties to distribute credit cards by MetaBank.[76]

Reactions

Countries

  •  United Arab Emirates - Sheik Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Foreign Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) said, "The abuse of passports poses a global threat, affecting both countries' national security as well as the personal security of travelers."[77] He also said that those responsible would be brought to account, noting that, "The UAE firmly believes that relations among nations should be conducted on the basis of respect for sovereignty, mutual trust and within the framework of international norms. Like all civilised nations, we abide by these principles and we will deal with this criminal act within the international framework expected of civilised nations."[78] Anwar Gargash, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, expressed the country's deep concern that expertly doctored passports from nations that do not require advance visas were used by the suspected assassins. UAE officials said they remained in "close contact with the concerned European governments," listing the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Germany and Austria.[77]
  •  France - François Fillon, the French Prime Minister, said that though it remained unclear as to who was responsible, "France condemns assassination. Assassination is not a means of action in international relations."[79]
  •  Austria - The spokesman for the Austrian Interior Ministry confirmed that Austria is investigating the use of Austrian mobile phones by the suspected killers.
  •  Germany - Germany confirmed that it is actively pursuing information on the identity of the killers of al-Mabhouh.[80]
  •  Ireland - The Irish Department of Foreign Affairs stated that “Irish passports used by three people believed to have been involved in killing a Hamas member had genuine numbers” but that “the people identified in the passports recorded in Dubai were not those in the genuine passports.” The department had previously reported that the passport numbers were counterfeit and has since been given "additional material relating to the passport numbers". The Department of Foreign Affairs said it was trying to contact the three Irish citizens who hold or have held passports containing these numbers.[81]
  •  Iran - On February 2, the Iranian foreign ministry blamed Israel for the incident, stating, "This is another indication of the existence of state terrorism by the Zionist regime".[82]
  •  Israel - The Israeli government initially did not comment on claims that it was involved in Mabhouh's death.[82] On February 17, Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman refused to confirm or deny any Israeli involvement, and noted a lack of solid evidence for Israeli involvement.[83]. On February 24 the Jerusalem Post quoted the Israeli Opposition leader Tzipi Livni as saying "Every terrorist must know that no one will support him when a soldier, and it doesn’t matter what soldier, tries to kill him" [84]

Palestinian

The day following Mabhouh's death, Hamas' armed wing, the Al-Qassam Brigades, announced that he died of terminal cancer in a hospital in the United Arab Emirates.[85]

On January 29, Hamas' deputy politburo chief Moussa Abu Marzouk said, "Mossad agents are those who assassinated al-Mabhouh".[86] Top Hamas official Mahmoud al-Zahar speculated that same day that it was possible that members of the entourage of Israeli infrastructure minister Uzi Landau, who were in the United Arab Emirates at the time for a renewable energy conference, were involved in his assassination.[87][88] Landau dismissed the claim, stating that his delegation was in Abu Dhabi, some 120 km from Dubai, and was escorted by an eight-man UAE security team at all times.[89][90]

On February 2, Hamas' representative in Lebanon Osama Hamdan said that Palestinian Authority security forces might have been involved in the death, stating that, "The Palestinian Authority security forces are pursuing [our] fighters and they have killed dozens of them since 1994."[91] Haaretz reported that same day that details from a preliminary Hamas investigation procured by the newspaper suggested that Mabhouh was assassinated by agents of an Arab government, and that al-Mabhouh was wanted by Egypt and Jordan.[92] On February 12, senior Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal rejected reports that Hamas blamed Arab states for Mabhouh's death, and said the Israeli Mossad was solely responsible.[93]

On February 19, Hamas representatives said that the two Palestinians arrested in Dubai, Ahmad Hassanain and Anwar Shheibar, are former members of Fatah's security forces and work at a construction company in Dubai owned by Mohammed Dahlan, a senior Fatah security official. A senior Hamas official told Al-Hayat newspaper that the two provided logistical aid to the Mossad hit team alleged to have carried out the killing, renting them cars and hotel rooms. Dahlan and Fatah denied the charges.[94]

United Nations

Philip Alston, the U.N. special rapporteur on extrajudicial killings was quoted by the Los Angeles Times as stating, "If a foreign intelligence agency was responsible for the killing of Mabhouh, the matter should clearly be classified as an extrajudicial execution. There is no legal justification for the cold-blooded murder of a man who, if alleged to have committed crimes, could have been arrested and charged."[95]

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  67. ^ "Interpol adds suspected Dubai assassins to most wanted list". Haaretz. 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  68. ^ "Dubai Police name new suspects in al Mabhouh murder". The National. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2010-02-24. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  69. ^ http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2010/02/24/101364.html
  70. ^ http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/parents-of-aussies-named-as-suspects-in-the-assassination-of-a-hamas-militant-fear-their-childrens-lives-are-in-danger/story-e6frf7jo-1225834319482
  71. ^ http://www.smh.com.au/national/kill-squad-passport-link-its-not-my-son-says-aussie-mother-20100225-p5fz.html
  72. ^ http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3854066,00.html
  73. ^ http://www.albawaba.com/en/news/261748
  74. ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article7039272.ece
  75. ^ [2]
  76. ^ Dubai Names 15 More Suspects in Hamas Leader's Death
  77. ^ a b "United Arab Emirates Demand Passport Probe in Hamas Murder". FOX News. February 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
  78. ^ "Killers of Hamas leader used diplomatic passports: Dubai Police". DNA. February 21, 2010. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "urlhttp://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_killers-of-hamas-leader-used-diplomatic-passports-dubai-police_1350886" ignored (help)
  79. ^ "French PM condemns Dubai assassination of Hamas man". Ynet. February 20, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
  80. ^ Siham Al Najami (February 20, 2010). "Al Mabhouh was easy target for assassins, says Dubai Police chief". Gulf News. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
  81. ^ "Europe | 'Hit' passports had real numbers". BBC News. 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  82. ^ a b "Iran: Assassination was Zionist terror". Ynetnews. Reuters. 2010-02-02. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  83. ^ "Israel says no proof it carried out Hamas Dubai killing". BBC News. 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  84. ^ http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=169492
  85. ^ Hamas brigades founder dies in exile, Ma'an News Agency 20-01-2010
  86. ^ Abu Marzouk: Mossad behind Hamas official's assassination, Ynet News 29-01-2010
  87. ^ Jack Khoury (2010-01-30). "Report: Dubai has lead in assassination of top Hamas man". Haaretz.
  88. ^ Melman, Yossi (2010-01-31). "Dubai narrows down seven suspects in murder of Hamas official". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  89. ^ Melman, Yossi (2010-02-01). "Dubai police: Seven Europeans linked to assassination of senior Hamas militant". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-02-01. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  90. ^ "Landau denies links to Hamas terrorist's death". The Jerusalem Post. 2010-01-31. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  91. ^ Hamas rep in Lebanon suggests PA helped assassinate Mabhouh, Jerusalem Post 02-02-2010
  92. ^ Issacharoff, Avi (2010-02-02). "Hamas: Dubai assassins were likely Arabs, not Israelis". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  93. ^ 'Next war with Israel will be regional', Jerusalem Post 12-02-2010
  94. ^ "Hamas: Palestinians linked to Dubai hit employed by Fatah strongman Dahlan". Haaretz. Associated Press. February 19, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  95. ^ "Targeted for death". Los Angeles Times. 2010-02-21. Retrieved 2010-02-21. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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