Reading, Massachusetts

Reading, Massachusetts
Town
Downtown Reading
Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Middlesex
Settled	1639
Incorporated	1644
Government
• Type	Representative town meeting
Area
• Total	9.9 sq mi (25.7 km2)
• Land	9.9 sq mi (25.7 km2)
• Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation	127 ft (39 m)
Population  (2007)
• Total	23,129
• Density	2,336.3/sq mi (900.0/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	01867
Area code	339 / 781
FIPS code	25-56130
GNIS feature ID	0618232
Website	http://www.ci.reading.ma.us/

Reading is a town situated in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, some 10 miles (16 km) north of central Boston. The population was 23,708 at the 2000 census. The name of the town is pronounced red-ing rather than reed-ing.

History

Settlement and Independence

Many of the Massachusetts Bay Colony's original settlers arrived from England in the 1630s through the ports of Lynn and Salem. In 1639 some citizens of Lynn petitioned the government of the colony for a place for an inland plantation. They were initially granted six square miles, followed by an additional four. The first settlement in this grant was at first called Lynn Village and was located on the south shore of the Great Pond, now known as Lake Quannapowitt. On June 10, 1644 the settlement was incorporated as the town of Reading, taking its name from the town of Reading in England.

The first church was organized soon after the settlement, and the first parish, later known as South Reading, became the separate town of Wakefield in 1868. A special grant in 1651 added land north of the Ipswich River to the town of Reading. In 1853 this area became the separate town of North Reading. The area which currently comprises the town of Reading was originally known as Wood End, or Third Parish.

Parker Tavern, built 1694, is the oldest surviving building in Reading

The town of Reading was initially governed by an open town meeting and a board of selectmen, a situation that persisted until the 1940s. In 1693, the town meeting voted to fund public education in Reading, with grants of four pounds for three months school in the town, two pounds for the west end of the town, and one pound for those north of the Ipswich River. In 1769, the meeting house was constructed, in the area which is now the Common in Reading. A stone marker commemorates the site.

Reading played an active role in the American Revolutionary War. Minutemen were prominently involved in the engagements pursuing the retreating British Army after the battles of Lexington and Concord. John Brooks, later to become Governor of Massachusetts, was captain of the Fourth Company of Minute and subsequently served at the Battle of White Plains and at Valley Forge. Only one Reading soldier was killed in action during the Revolution; Joshua Eaton died in the Battle of Saratoga in 1777.

In 1791, sixty members started the Federal Library. This was a subscription Library with each member paying $1.00 to join, and annual dues of $.25. The Town's public library was created in 1868.

1852 map of Boston area, showing Reading and its rail lines

19th Century

The Andover-Medford Turnpike was built by a private corporation in 1806-7. This road, now known as Massachusetts Route 28, provided the citizens of Reading with a better means of travel to the Boston area. In 1845, the Boston and Maine Railroad came to Reading and improved the access to Boston, and the southern markets. During the first half of the nineteen century, Reading became a manufacturing town. Sylvester Harnden's furniture factory, Daniel Pratt's clock factory, and Samuel Pierce's organ pipe factory were major businesses. By the mid 1800s, Reading had thirteen establishments that manufactured chairs and cabinets. The making of shoes began as a cottage industry and expanded to large factories. Neckties were manufactured here for about ninety years. During and after Civil War the southern markets for Reading's products declined and several of its factories closed. For many years, Reading was an important casket manufacturing center.

During the Civil War, members of the Richardson Light Guard of South Reading fought at the First Battle of Bull Run. A second company was formed as part of the Army of the Potomac, and a third company joined General Bank's expedition in Louisiana. A total of 411 men from Reading fought in the Civil War, of whom 15 died in action and 33 died of wounds and sickness. A memorial exists in the Laurel Hill Cemetery commemorating those who died in the Civil War.

20th Century

Post Office Square c. 1905

In the 20th century, Reading became a residential community with commuter service to Boston on the Boston and Maine Railroad and the Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway. Both commuter services were later taken over by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, and for many years, there was discussion of extending the MBTA Orange Line to Reading. Industrial expansion during that time included the Goodall-Sanford Co. off Ash Street, later sold to General Tire & Rubber Company. Additional businesses created after World War I included the Boston Stove Foundry, Roger Reed Waxes, Ace Art, Addison-Wesley Publishing and several other companies. For many years, Wes Parker's Fried Clams was a landmark off state Route 128.

Military installations also came to the town, with two Nike missile sites, one on Bear Hill and the other off Haverhill Street, and the opening of Camp Curtis Guild, a National Guard training facility. The business community currently consists of a number of retail and service businesses in the downtown area, a series of commercial businesses in and around the former town dump on Walker's Brook Road (formerly John Street) as well as the Analytical Sciences Corporation (TASC).

In 1944, Reading adopted the representative town meeting model of local government in place of the open town meeting. In 1986, a new charter was adopted by the towns voters. This retained the representative town meeting and board of selectmen, but focused policy and decision making in a smaller number of elected boards and committees whilst providing for the employment of a town manager to be responsible for day to day operations of the local government.

Basketball player Bill Russell lived in Reading in the 1960s next to a gas station on Main Street, but later moved to another part of town. Due to his race, vandals broke into the basketball player's home and damaged his property, and his residency was petitioned against by a small group of townspeople. Russell left Reading after several years.

In recent years the town of Reading struggled with the decisions to build a new elementary school, to cope with the influx of new families to the community, and renovate the severely aging Reading Memorial High School. Both of these projects were approved and as of August 2007 the new $57 million dollar renovation at the High School is completed.

Geography

Reading is located at 42°31′33″N 71°6′35″W (42.52585, -71.109939).Template:GR

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 9.9 square miles (25.7 km²).None of the area is covered with water.

Reading borders the following towns: Woburn, Stoneham, Wakefield, Lynnfield, North Reading, and Wilmington.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 23,708 people, 8,688 households, and 6,437 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,388.3 people per square mile (921.8/km²). There were 8,823 housing units at an average density of 888.8/sq mi (343.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.47% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 2.21% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 8,688 households out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $96,524, and the median income for a family was $110,990. Males had a median income of $61,117 versus $39,817 for females. The per capita income for the town was $32,888. About 1.7% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

The municipal government of the town of Reading comprises a representative town meeting, whose members are elected from eight precincts.

The town elects a five member board of selectmen by general election, who serve for overlapping three year terms. The selectmen are responsible for calling the elections for the town meeting, and for calling town meetings. They initiate legislative policy by proposing legislative changes to the town meeting, and then implement the votes subsequently adopted. The also review fiscal guidelines for the annual operating budget and capital improvements program and make recommendations on these to the town meeting. In addition the board serves as the local road commissioners and licensing board, and appoints members to most of the town's other boards, committees, and commissions.

The day to day running of the town government is the responsibility of a town manager, appointed by the board of selectmen.

Transportation

Reading is located close to the junction of Interstate 93 and Interstate 95/Massachusetts Route 128 to the north of Boston. I-93 provides a direct route south to central Boston and beyond via the big dig, whilst I-95/128 loops around Boston to the west, crosses Interstate 90/Massachusetts Turnpike, and then continues south before meeting up with I-93 again at Canton.

Reading is served by Reading station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Haverhill/Reading commuter rail line, which links the town to Boston's North Station. Plans existed during the 70's, when this line of track was bought by the MBTA, to extend the Orange Line Subway out as far as Reading. Although new stations were successfully constructed at Malden Center and Oak Grove station, residents just past Oak Grove complained and such plans were put on hold.

Education

Reading is known for strong academics as well as top-of-the-line facilities.

Reading's public school system, managed by Reading Public Schools, comprises:

• Reading Memorial High School
• Coolidge Middle School
• Walter S. Parker Middle School
• Alice M Barrows Elementary School
• Birch Meadow Elementary School
• Joshua Eaton Elementary School
• JW Killam Elementary School
• Wood End Elementary School

Reading was an early and active participant in Boston's METCO program, which brought Black and inner-city students from Boston to attend grades K-12.Template:Date=November 2007

Points of interest

• The Parker Tavern - The town's oldest remaining 17th Century structure, built in 1694. This property, on Washington Street, is currently owned and operated by the non-profit Reading Antiquarian Society.

• The roof of the St. Athanasius Parish, on Haverhill St., was designed by Louis A. Scibelli and Daniel F. Tulley, and is one of the largest hyperbolic paraboloids in the Western Hemisphere

• Burbank Arena skating rink on Haverhill St. as well as private condos on Bear Hill St. both reside over the sites of decommissioned Army National Guard Nike Ajax missile silos.[1][2] This is where the High School received its nickname the Rockets.

Notable residents

• Joshua Eaton, farmer, who died in the Revolutionary War, at the Battle of Saratoga, lived his entire civilian life in Reading.
• Mark Erelli, folk musician
• Dr. John Hart, This highly respected and eminent surgeon originally from Ipswich (born Oct 13, 1751), served as a Regimental Surgeon during the American Revolution.
• Moses Nichols, officer during the American Revolutionary War
• Eddie Peabody, banjo player
• Lennie Merullo, a professional baseball player who played for the Chicago Cubs starting in 1941. He was a professional baseball scout for major league baseball for years.
• Bill Russell, professional basketball player and coach, once lived in Reading.
• Tom Silva, general contractor for This Old House on PBS.
• Brad Whitford, guitarist for Aerosmith, a member of the RMHS class of '70
• Fred Foy, radio and television announcer for Lone Ranger, Green Hornet, Sgt. Preston of the Yukon, Dick Cavett shows.
• Chris Pizzotti - Football Quarterback at Reading Memorial High School, Harvard College, and is an undrafted free agent with the New York Jets.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Reading, Massachusetts

Further reading

• Dutton, E.P. Chart of Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay with Map of Adjacent Country. Published 1861. A good map of roads and rail lines from Reading to Boston and surrounding area.
• History of the Town of Reading, including the Present Towns of Wakefield, Reading and North Reading with Chronological and Historical Sketches from 1639 to 1874. By Lilley Eaton, 815 pages, published 1874.
• History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by Samuel Adam Drake, published 1880, Volume 2. Page 270 Reading by Hirum Barrus and Carroll D. Wright. Page 259 North Reading. Page 399 Wakefield by Chester W. Eaton.

External links

• Town of Reading website
• Reading Public Library
• Reading Public School System
• Reading Community Television
• Old USGS Maps of Reading.