Barrio
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Barrio (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbarjo]) is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.
Usage
In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days. In Cuba, Puerto Rico and Spain, the term barrio is also used to denote a subdivision of a municipio (or municipality); the barrios are further subdivided into sectors. In the Philippines, the term may also simply refer to a rural village and is spelled in Filipino as baryo.
In Argentina and Uruguay, a barrio is a traditional division of a municipality officially delineated by the local authority at a later time, and sometimes keeps a distinct character from others (as in the barrios of Buenos Aires -- though they have been superseded by larger administrative divisions). Here, the word does not have a special socioeconomic connotation, except that it is used in contrast to the centro (city center or downtown). The expression barrio cerrado (translated "closed neighborhood") is employed for small, upper-class, residential settlements, planned with an exclusive criterion and often literally enclosed in walls (a kind of gated community).
More commonly, however, in the United States, barrios refer to lower-class neighborhoods with largely Spanish-speaking residents, basically the Latino equivalent of a "ghetto". The word often implies that the poverty level is high in such a neighborhood, but this inference is not universal. While there are many so-called barrios in the United States, Roma Creek, Texas; Avondale, Arizona; Coachella, California and Huron, California are among the largest and most well-known, and are simply referred to as "El Barrio" by natives of the surrounding areas. The barrios most portrayed in national media and pop culture include Spanish Harlem, East Los Angeles, and Washington Heights, and Jackson Heights in New York City, Segundo Barrio in El Paso; and others across the country.
In communities with Hispanic (in this case, Mexican-American) majorities or pluralities such as Dallas, San Antonio and El Paso of Texas; Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona; East L.A. and Santa Ana, California among others in Southern California; "barrio" may refer to neighborhoods with a long history of being ethnic enclaves, as opposed to middle class or suburban residential districts that merely have many Hispanic residents.
In the United States barrios can also refer to the geographical "turf" claimed by a Latino gang; this usage is generally limited to the Chicano gangs of California. The dramatization of gang life in music videos and movies has popularized this usage among the general population. Some gangs spell the word varrio, a common variant as some Spanish speakers (such as Mexicans) pronounce the letter "v" like the English "b". In yet another colloquial usage of the term, ethnic "ghettos" and "-towns" are often referred to by Spanish speakers as barrios appended with the appropriate qualifying adjective. For example, Chinatowns are known as barrios chinos.
The United States usage is also seen in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, where barrio is commonly given to slums in the outer rims of big cities such as Caracas, as well as lower to middle class neighborhoods in other cities and towns.
The word barrio was used to refer to the locality-based campsite sectors of the Camp for Climate Action in 2007.[citation needed]
Other appearances
Barrio and Barrios are also Spanish surnames. The equivalent French spelling, Barriault, is a common name in Quebec. In Portugal the derived surname Barros is very common.
See also
- Barangay
- Colonia (Mexico)
- Colonia (border settlement)
- Bairro
- Bario
- List of Mexican-American communities
- Ethnic enclaves in New York City
References
External links
