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2011 Tucson shooting

Coordinates: 32°20′9.5″N 110°58′30.5″W / 32.335972°N 110.975139°W / 32.335972; -110.975139
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2011 Tucson shooting
Exterior of the Safeway, showing various officials responding to the event
Location of the shooting
LocationCasas Adobes, Arizona (part of Tucson metro area)
Coordinates32°20′9.5″N 110°58′30.5″W / 32.335972°N 110.975139°W / 32.335972; -110.975139
DateJanuary 8, 2011
Shortly after 10 a.m. local time (UTC-7)
TargetU.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords
Attack type
Shooting
Weapons9mm Glock model 19 pistol
Deaths6[1]
Injured14[2]

A shooting near Tucson, Arizona, occurred on January 8, 2011. Twenty people were shot,[2] six of them fatally, during United States Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords' meeting with constituents held in a Safeway supermarket parking lot in Casas Adobes.[4][5] The dead include the chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll, a nine-year-old girl, and a congressional aide.[4][1][5] Representative Giffords, a Democrat representing Arizona's 8th congressional district who was said to be the target of the attack,[4] was shot through the head at close range and is in critical condition.[5][6][4][7]

A 22-year-old local man, Jared Lee Loughner, was arrested at the scene,[3] and Federal prosecutors have filed five charges against him, including the attempted assassination of a member of Congress.[8][9] The motive for the shooting is currently unclear, as the suspect is not cooperating with authorities and has invoked his right to not incriminate himself.[5] Giffords is the first national U.S. politician to be shot since the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan in March 1981[10] and the first female national politician to have been the target of an assassination attempt.

Shooting

Sign on the roadside advertising the "Congress on Your Corner" constituent meeting

The shooting took place on January 8, 2011, shortly after 10 a.m. MST (UTC-7). A United States Representative from Arizona, Gabrielle Giffords, was holding a constituent meeting called "Congress on Your Corner"[9] at a Safeway supermarket in Casas Adobes.[5] According to an eyewitness, Giffords had set up a table outside the store. About 20 to 30 people were gathered around her when the gunman arrived and shot Giffords in the side of the head.[1][11] The weapon used was reported to be a 9mm Glock model 19 pistol with a 33-round magazine.[5] A witness said he heard "15 to 20 gunshots". The first 9-1-1 call was made at 10:11 a.m.[1] The gunman ran out of ammunition and stopped to reload at which point a bystander, Patricia Maisch, snatched the empty magazine from his hands.[12] The gunman was then tackled to the ground by 74 year-old veteran Col. Bill Badgers and another person.[13] Daniel Hernandez Jr., an intern for Giffords, applied pressure to the entrance wound on Giffords's forehead and made sure she did not choke on her blood, and has been credited with saving her life.[14]

Six people were killed.[1] Federal judge John Roll and Giffords's congressional aide and community outreach director Gabe Zimmerman were among the dead.[1] A nine-year-old girl, Christina Taylor Green,[15] was pronounced dead at the hospital.[5] Other victims with gunshot wounds were transported to the Northwest Medical Center; four people were listed in critical condition.[6]

Target of the attack

U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords (D-Arizona 8)

Gabrielle Giffords was reported to be the target of the attack.[4] Some news organizations initially reported that Giffords had been killed, but these statements were quickly revised to reflect that she had survived with a gunshot wound to the head.[16][17][18] Giffords was taken to the University Medical Center in Tucson in critical condition for emergency surgery.[1][19] Bone fragments and a small amount of dead brain tissue were removed by surgeons.[20]

According to Dr. Peter M. Rhee of the medical center, she was "shot through and through on one side of the head....The bullet passed through Giffords' brain," he said. The bullet traveled through the left hemisphere of her brain, without crossing from one hemisphere to the other; the latter is when the most critical injuries result.[5][21][22] The entry wound was at the back of Giffords' head and the bullet had exited through the front, which indicated that she was turning away when she was shot.[20]

Giffords was placed into a chemically induced coma to allow her brain to rest. She had been able to respond to simple commands, but was unable to speak because she is on a ventilator.[23] Nancy Pelosi said Giffords' husband Mark E. Kelly acknowledged that there is a "rough road ahead" for her recovery, but was optimistic about her responsiveness.[24]

Investigation

The Safeway store was closed after the attack.[25] The gunman, described as a white male in his mid-20s with short hair and "dressed in a shabby manner", was arrested after being detained by bystanders.[4][26]

Police identified the suspect as Jared Lee Loughner, born September 1988.[27] As of January 8 and 9 he was being interrogated by the FBI and was said to be refusing to cooperate with authorities and was invoking his Fifth Amendment rights.[5][4][28] Authorities have said the alleged shooter's motivation was unknown, as he was not talking.[5] However, evidence seized from a safe in the suspect's home included an envelope marked with notes reading "I planned ahead", "My assassination", and "Giffords", as well as a letter from Giffords's office thanking him for attending a similar event in 2007.[29]

Since the shooting took place in Casas Adobes, an unincorporated area outside of Tucson city limits, the city police do not have jurisdiction. Instead, the Pima County Sheriff's Department started the initial investigation, with assistance from the Tucson Police Department and the Arizona Department of Public Safety.[30] FBI Director Robert Mueller was ordered to the location by President Obama, and the FBI is ready to take over the investigation.[31] The Capitol Police are also conducting an investigation.[4]

Primary suspect

Main article: Jared Lee Loughner
Jared Lee Loughner
Born(1988-09-00)September 1988 (age 22)
NationalityUnited States
Other names"Classitup10" (YouTube)
Known for2011 Tucson shooting

Jared Lee Loughner is the primary suspect. He is currently in federal custody, and has been charged in federal court with one count of attempted assassination of a member of Congress, two counts of killing a federal employee, and two counts of attempting to kill a federal employee.[9][32][33] The State of Arizona, which has concurrent jurisdiction in the matter, is expected to file murder and attempted murder charges on behalf of the victims who were not federal employees, but could legally file charges on behalf of all victims.

At the time of the shooting, Loughner was 22 years old and lived with his parents in Tucson, about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the site of the shooting.[27][34] Grant Wiens, who attended high school and college with Loughner, described him as "kind of an interesting character" who kept to himself and was opinionated.[1] Caiti Parker, who claimed she knew the suspect in high school four years earlier, described him as a politically radical loner who was left-wing or liberal at the time she knew him.[35] Others described him as having "anarchist leanings".[36] Classmates noted that Loughner was critical of religion.[37]

Pima County Sheriff Clarence Dupnik stated that the suspect had a YouTube channel under an account called "Classitup10".[38][39][40] Loughner's YouTube profile stated among other things that some of his favorite books were the Communist Manifesto, Animal Farm, Mein Kampf, Plato's Republic, and We the Living; one video told viewers that they "don't have to accept the federalist laws", called for a return to the gold standard, and accused the government of mind-controlling and brainwashing the citizenry.[34][41][35][40] His YouTube profile also listed works such as The Wizard of Oz, Peter Pan, Gulliver's Travels, and Through The Looking Glass.[42]

Loughner attended Pima Community College until school authorities suspended him after receiving complaints of his inappropriate behavior in class.[34][43] Loughner chose to drop out in October 2010 rather than having the mental health evaluation and clearance which would have been required for him to re-enroll.[34][43]

According to court records, Loughner had two previous offenses, one of which was for drug possession.[35] U.S. Army officials said that Loughner had attempted to enlist, but his application had been rejected as "unqualified" for service in 2008.[43] They declined further disclosure due to confidentiality rules.[34][27][44][45]

Although little was initially known about the suspect,[46][3] his deleted Myspace page[47][48] was promptly retrieved.[49] The page had been removed by Myspace in an attempt to preserve it for possible use as evidence, though it would have been possible to preserve it by other means.[50] Hours before the incident, Loughner's Myspace page was updated with posts from his account stating, "Goodbye," and said to friends: "Please don't be mad at me."[51][34]

Before the shooting, Loughner had posted anti-government text and videos on the Internet, including a photograph of a U.S. history textbook underneath the image of a handgun.[34] He briefly discussed terrorism saying:

"If I define terrorist then a terrorist is a person who employs terror or terrorism, especially as a political weapon. I define terrorist ... If you call me a terrorist then the argument to call me a terrorist is ad hominem. You call me a terrorist."[34]

A leaked memo from the Department of Homeland Security described Loughner as having possible ties to the anti-Semitic, anti-immigration far-right group American Renaissance.[52][53] The group denies any connection to Loughner and condemns the violence.[54]

Person of interest

Police had originally said they were also looking for a white male approximately 40–50 years old with dark hair, possibly associated with the primary suspect. On the morning of January 9, they released a security-camera photo in which he appears.[55] Later that day, Pima County Sheriff's Deputy Jason Ogan said the man was a taxi driver who drove the gunman to the grocery store where the shooting occurred. Ogan said the man went into the store because the gunman apparently had not paid his fare, and that the Sheriff's department had determined that the taxi driver was not otherwise involved in the shooting.[29][56]

Victims

Dead

Six people were killed in the attack. All but Christina Taylor Green died at the scene of the shooting.[57]

Wounded

The 14 people wounded[2] include Giffords and two of her staff members, Pam Simon and deputy director Ron Barber.[15]

Reactions

President Obama speaking in response to the shooting

President Barack Obama called the shooting an "unspeakable tragedy," adding that "such a senseless and terrible act of violence has no place in a free society."[65] Because of the shooting, the trip he was going to make was postponed.[66] Arizona Governor Jan Brewer said, "My thoughts and prayers are with Congresswoman Giffords and her family, the Congresswoman's staff and their families, as well as the other victims of this senseless and cruel violence."[67] House Speaker John Boehner said, "An attack on one who serves is an attack on all who serve. Acts and threats of violence against public officials have no place in our society... This is a sad day for our country."[68] Chief Justice John Roberts issued a statement noting, "we in the judiciary have suffered the terrible loss of one of our own", with the death of Chief Judge John Roll.[69]

Other politicians from across the United States, outside Arizona, and from foreign countries spoke publicly regarding the shooting, including Arizona's United States Senators Jon Kyl[70] and John McCain,[71] House Majority Leader Eric Cantor,[72] House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi,[72] Rep. Jeff Flake (R-AZ),[67] Rep. Paul Gosar (R-AZ),[67] Rep. Raul M. Grijalva (D-AZ),[67] Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ),[67] Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne,[67] Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon,[67] Janet Napolitano,[67] Rep. Charlie Gonzalez (D-TX),[73] former Rep. Ciro Rodriguez (D-TX),[73] Rep. Henry Cuellar (D-TX),[73][72] Arizona Republican Party Chairman Randy Pullen[67] and Arizona Secretary of State Ken Bennett.[67] Former Alaska Governor and vice-presidential nominee for the Republican Party in 2008 Sarah Palin offered "sincere condolences".[74] Fidel Castro condemned the shooting as "atrocious", "absurd" and "unjustifiable" while Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon[75] of Canada and British Prime Minister David Cameron offered condolences.[72][76][77][78]

The New York Times reported that the shooting raised concerns that American politics had become too heated. Giffords had previously criticized a website created by the Sarah Palin Action Committee that used crosshairs icons on a U.S. map[79] to denote targeted congressional seats for the 2010 midterm elections, of which Giffords' was one. The picture was removed from the site by Palin's team following the shootings.[80][81] Toby Harnden of The Daily Telegraph criticized the left for insinuating that the shooting was the result of the Tea Party movement.[82]

In 2010, after her office had been vandalized, Giffords had said:

"We're in Sarah Palin's 'targeted' list, but the thing is that the way she has it depicted, we're in the crosshairs of a gun sight over our district. When people do that, they've got to realize that there are consequences to that action."[11]

Geraldo Rivera of Fox News Channel remarked, "However unfair the link is, I think that this event affects Sarah Palin's at least short term political future."[83] Howard Kurtz, Robert Stacy McCain and Byron York criticized efforts to connect the murders to Palin and the Tea Party.[84][85][86] MSNBC's Keith Olbermann called out a range of conservative personalities on his nightly show from Allen West to Bill O'Reilly and said, "If all of these are not responsible for what happened in Tucson, they must now be responsible for doing everything they can to make sure Tucson doesn't happen again,".[87] He also apologized for any of his own actions that might have incited violence saying, "Violence, or the threat of violence, has no place in our Democracy, and I apologize for and repudiate any act or any thing in my past that may have even inadvertently encouraged violence."[88]

Democrats and Republicans both called for a cooling of political rhetoric as a result of the heated controversy building up before the shooting.[89]

See also

References

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