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Azem Hajdari

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Azem Hajdari
Member of Albanian parliament
In office
1991 – 2001 (1998)
DeputyAssembly of the Republic of Albania
Chairman of the Defense Parliamentary Commission
Prime MinisterAleksandër Meksi
Personal details
Born200px
(1963-03-11)March 11, 1963
Bajram Curri, Tropojë, Albania
DiedSeptember 12, 1998(1998-09-12) (aged 35)
Tirana, Albania
Resting place200px
center
Political partyDemocratic Party
Domestic partnersFatmira Hajdari [1]
ChildrenKirardi, Rudina and Azem Jr.
Parent
  • 200px
  • center
Alma materUniversity of Tirana
Professionphilosophy
Signature

Azem Shpend Hajdari (Template:IPAc-sq, March 11, 1963 – September 12, 1998) was the leader of the student's movement in 1990–1991 that led to the fall of communism in Albania. He then became a politician of the Democratic Party of Albania (DP). Together with Sali Berisha, he symbolizes the start of the democratic era in Albania.[2][3] He was a member of the Albanian parliament and the Chairman of the Defense Parliamentary Commission. He was assassinated in Tirana on September 12, 1998.[4]

On October 2, 1998, Hajdari was posthumously awarded Honorary citizenship of Tirana,[5] and in 2007 he was decorated with the Skanderbeg's Order by president Bamir Topi.[1]

An monument honoring Hajdari and Besim Çera was placed on the crime scene where both were killed (41°19′38″N 19°49′19″E / 41.32722°N 19.82194°E / 41.32722; 19.82194).[6][7]

Early life

Hajdari came from a working family. He finished elementary school and high school in Bajram Curri. Hajdari studied philosophy at the University of Tirana, and was married to Fatmira Hajdari, with whom he had three children: Kirardi, Rudina, and Azem Junior (who was born four months after Azem Hajdari's assassination).[4] He was one of the main leaders of student demonstrations that brought the collapse of the Party of Labour of Albania in December 1990.[8] He was also, briefly, the first leader of the Democratic Party of Albania (DP). He remained in that position until he was replaced in early 1991 by Sali Berisha, who later became Prime Minister of Albania. Hajdari was a close associate of Berisha, and came from the same district of Tropojë.[3]

Education

In 1993 Hajdari graduated on Philosophy Branch at the University of Tirana. In 1995 he graduated Jurisprudence again at the University of Tirana. On 1993 until 1994: Studied English language and philosophy in the United States and at 1996 he studied defense and security policy in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. Political activities in his youth included serving as a leader of the students' movement which overthrew communism in Albania. From December 1990 to February 1991, he was Chairman of the Leading Commission of the Democratic Party (the first opposition party after 50 years of totalitarian regime). From February 1991 to September 1993 he was Deputy-Chairman of the Democratic Party and a member of its steering committee.

Public service

In the four free elections after the collapse of communism, Hajdari has been elected a Member of Parliament.

Hajdari served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service from 1992–1996. In 1996 he was the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on the Public Order and the National Intelligence Service, and is November 1996 became President of the United Independent Albanian Trade Unions. In June 1997 he became the Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission of Defense.

From 1995 to 1998, Hajdari was the President of the KS Vllaznia Shkodër, the first sport club in Albania. He also served as the President of the Albanian Federation of Martial arts.

Assassination attempts

Azem Hajdari was threatened with death from the beginning of his days as a leader of the student protests. On March 22, 1991, he received a package which contained a severed head of a rooster and a letter written with blood: Azem Hajdari, you are sentenced to death.[4]

Tropojë attack

On June 4, 1998, at about 22:30, Hajdari and other members of the DP (most notably Jozefina Topalli and Vili Minarolli) were ambushed; their car was shot with dozens of bullets, two of which gravely wounded the ex-General Director of Albanian Radio and TV, Bardhyl Pollo, who was in the same car.[4]

Shot in Parliament

On September 18, 1997, Hajdari was involved in a fight with Gafur Mazreku, a Member of Parliament of the Prime Minister Fatos Nano's governing Socialist Party, in a dispute over a rise in the rate of added value tax.[9] Mazreku opened fire with a pistol five metres from the door of the plenary sessions hall. Hajdari was shot with five bullets, and was seriously injured. After injuring Hajdari, Mazreku ran through the hall shouting, with the pistol in his hand. Hajdari was taken to a military hospital in grave condition.[10] Present at the hospital were almost all the DP parliamentary group and the party leader, Sali Berisha.

Mazreku left the parliament building and entered the Albanian telegraph agency building, less than 400 metres (1,300 ft) away, claiming he had not shot Mazreku. He was surrendered to the Commissariat One Police Forces, and the weapon was confiscated.

Although the opposition portrayed the shooting as part of a political campaign against the Democratic Party, it had every appearance of a revenge attack, and Mazreku was sentenced to eight years imprisonment by parliament.[11]

On December 17, the court located in Tirana sentenced Mazreku to eleven years in prison for attempted murder. The prosecutor had demanded a 16-year sentence. Mazreku argued that he fired the shots in an act of revenge after Hajdari verbally assaulted and punched him.[12] Hajdari, however, claimed the attack was politically motivated.[13]

Assassination

Azem Hajdari was shot dead as he stepped out of the Democratic Party’s office in Tirana with his two bodyguards, Besim Çera, who was killed, and Zenel Neza, who was seriously injured but survived. The three men were shot by Fatmir Haklaj, Jaho Mulosmani, and Naim Cangu, who had been waiting in a car parked nearby.[14] Cangu was seriously injured, and later died in hospital.[15]

Hajdari died of severe shock from trauma and hemorrhaging due to numerous wounds to the chest and stomach.[15] Hajdari was survived by his wife and two children. He was posthumously awarded a Martyr of Democracy award. Neza asked for asylum in the United States.[14]

Reaction

The murder triggered two days of violent protests. During Hajdari's funeral procession on September 14, 1998, armed DP supporters ransacked government offices, and for a brief period, held the PM's office, the parliament building, and the Albanian State television and radio building.[16] Estimates of casualties during the protests and riots ranged between 3 and 7 deaths and 14 and 76 injuries.[17] After 72 hours, the Government restored order and reclaimed tanks and armored personnel carriers seized by DP supporters. Parliament subsequently lifted Berisha's immunity due to his alleged role in what the government described as a coup d'état, but no charges were laid. Berisha blamed the Socialist Party of Albania and its leaders for the murder. Twelve people were arrested for their alleged involvement in the violence.[18] In February 2002 five people, including Jaho Mulosmani, were sentenced for the murder by a Tirana district court.[11]

Awards

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Fatmira Hajdari: Pse duhet rihetuar vrasja e Azemit". Shekulli Template:Sq icon.
  2. ^ New York Times about Azem Hajdari "Azem Hajdari". NY Times. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  3. ^ a b "Who Killed Azem Hajdari". dissidentvoice.org.
  4. ^ a b c d "Azem Hajdari, sot me emrin e Heroit". Infoarkiv.com. Template:Sq icon
  5. ^ a b "Azem Hajdari" (PDF). Tirana gov Template:Sq icon. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "Kryetarja e Kuvendit në takimin festiv me mijra e mijra të rinj në përkujtim të Ditës Kombëtare të Rinisë". parlament.al.
  7. ^ "Kryetarja e Kuvendit Jozefina Topalli viziton shtëpinë e Heroit të Demokracisë". parlament.al.
  8. ^ Partos, Gabriel (September 23, 1998). "Obituary: Azem Hajdari". London: The Independent.
  9. ^ "Azem Hajdari, të gjitha detajet e vrasjes së shekullit". Mapo.Template:Sq icon
  10. ^ "Azem Hajdari and Gafur Mazreku fight". Hri.org. September 18, 1997. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  11. ^ a b "On the political assassinations, arrests and persecution of the opposition by the neo-communist regime in Albania". hartford-hwp.com.
  12. ^ Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Europa Publications Limited. p. 111. Retrieved June 2, 2011. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ "Newsline – December 18, 1997". rferl.org.
  14. ^ a b "On the political assassinations, arrests and persecution of the opposition by the neo-communist regime in Albania". Hartford-hwp.com. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  15. ^ a b "Mulosmani: Haklaj ekzekutoi me dy armë Azem Hajdarin". Gazeta Shqip Template:Sq icon.
  16. ^ Albanians Clear the Way For the Arrest Of Ex-President, Published: September 19, 1998 NY Times
  17. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Selected Political and Human Rights Issues". UNHCR. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  18. ^ "Eastern Europe at the turn of the ... – Google Boeken". Books.google.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2011.

Further reading

External links

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