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Perfect season

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A perfect season is any sports season, excluding the playoff portion of a season, in which a team remains undefeated and untied. The feat is extremely rare at the professional level of any team sport, and has occurred more commonly at the collegiate level in the United States.

A perfect season may also be part of a multi-season winning streak.

American football

National Football League (1970–present)

Since the NFL/AFL merger in 1970, only one team has played a complete perfect season (both playoff and regular season): the 1972 Miami Dolphins, who won their fourteen regular season games and three postseason games to finish 17-0.

The 2007 New England Patriots had the only other case of a perfect regular season, after winning their sixteen regular season games; however, they did not complete the perfect season, losing Super Bowl XLII to finish with a record of 18–1.

Preseason games are not counted toward standings, for or against. For example, the 1972 Miami Dolphins (mentioned below) lost three of their preseason games but still are considered to have a perfect season.

The Perfect Season

See also: 1972 Miami Dolphins season

The 1972 Miami Dolphins won fourteen regular season games and three postseason games, including Super Bowl VII, to finish the season 17–0–0. They extended their winning streak the following season to 18 straight wins, until finally losing to the Oakland Raiders on September 23, 1973. It has often been reported that the surviving members of the 1972 Dolphins would gather to drink champagne when the final undefeated team earned its first loss, or that the team would send a case of champagne to the team that beat the final undefeated team. The head coach of the 1972 Dolphins, Don Shula, denied this in a 2007 interview with ESPN.[1]

NFL undefeated seasons (with ties) prior to 1932

Prior to the development of a playoff system in the NFL in 1932, there were four teams who completed seasons undefeated, but with one or more tied games: the 1920 Akron Pros, the 1922 Canton Bulldogs, the 1923 Canton Bulldogs, and the 1929 Green Bay Packers. Under NFL practices at the time, tied games were discounted when the win percentage was calculated; so, these four teams were recorded with perfect win percentages of 1.000. (In 1972, the NFL retroactively altered its standings to treat tied games as being worth half of a win - so, these four teams are no longer recorded as having the perfect 1.000 percentage).

The 1921 Buffalo All-Americans were controversially denied a similar type of near-perfect season, when they believed that their final game, a 7-10 loss to the Chicago Staleys, was an exhibition game which would not count to the final standings; the NFL records that game as official, and Buffalo's record as 9-1-2.

Perfect regular season

2007 New England Patriots

The 2007 New England Patriots were the first team to complete a perfect regular season since the length of the season was increased to sixteen games. They continued their success into the postseason before being beaten in Super Bowl XLII by the New York Giants, losing the perfect season by 3 points.

Pre-modern era (pre 1970) NFL perfect seasons

Before the modern NFL, American football was played professionally in a number of leagues, including an earlier version of the NFL. During this period, three teams completed perfect regular seasons: the 1934 Chicago Bears, the 1942 Chicago Bears, and the 1948 Cleveland Browns. Only the 1948 Browns had a true perfect season, but in the All-America Football Conference, not the NFL proper. AAFC records are not considered part of NFL history records, because not all of its teams entered the NFL.

1934 Chicago Bears

The Bears are a member of the National Football League, which was founded in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association. In 1934, the Bears played to a 13–0–0 regular season record to become the first NFL team to complete an undefeated regular season without tied games. However, the Bears lost the 1934 NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants.

1942 Chicago Bears

Despite losing several players and head coach George Halas to military service in World War II, the 1942 Bears played a perfect season, finishing 11–0–0. The Bears were again defeated in the NFL Championship Game, this time by the Washington Redskins.

1948 Cleveland Browns

The Browns were a member of the All-America Football Conference, a professional football league that played from 1946 to 1949. In 1948, the Browns won all fourteen regular season games and the 1948 AAFC championship to post a 15–0–0 record. Cleveland's perfect 1948 season was part of a longer string of 29 straight wins, which stretched from 1947 to 1949 and included both the 1947 and 1948 title games. Overall, the Browns won all four AAFC championship games and were accepted into the NFL when the two leagues merged after the 1949 season.

1937 Los Angeles Bulldogs

The Los Angeles Bulldogs were a member of the second American Football League, who joined the league in 1937 after the Cleveland Rams defected to the NFL. Playing a combination of AFL teams and independent franchises (such as the Providence Steam Roller and the Salinas Packers), the team went 16–0, with 8 of those wins coming against AFL teams. The Bulldogs' dominance is cited as one of the key factors in the AFL's demise, and the next season (then as an independent, running up a 10–2–2 record including a 2–1–2 record against NFL teams), several of the team's players were invited to play on the "Pro All Stars" team in the NFL's first Pro All-Star Game, which was played in Los Angeles. The Bulldogs are considered to be one of the few independent teams to have ever achieved parity with the NFL.

Neither the NFL nor the Pro Football Hall of Fame recognizes the Bulldogs' perfect season.

Pre-NFL era

An NFL predecessor, the Ohio League, had many perfect seasons. The Massillon Tigers (1904, 1905), Akron Indians (1909), Shelby Blues (1911), and Dayton Triangles (1918) all had perfect seasons during this era. In the New York Pro Football League, another league that contributed teams to the NFL, the Buffalo Niagaras went 5–0–0 (6–0–0 including a forfeit) in a league that consisted of teams entirely from the city of Buffalo in 1918. In 1920, the Union Athletic Association of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania (later known as the Philadelphia Quakers), played in a league mostly consisting of local teams and earned a perfect season, claiming for itself a mythical national championship. Prior to the Ohio League, the 1900 and 1901 Homestead Library and Athletic Club teams, as well as the 1903 Franklin Athletic Club, all had perfect seasons.

The caliber of talent was neither as high nor as consistent between teams at the time, the seasons were generally shorter (7 to 11 games), and it was not uncommon for top teams to play all their games at home while lesser teams played all of their games on the road. In 1918, Dayton and Buffalo had the additional advantage of having its strongest competitors suspend operations due to the Spanish flu and the First World War. Thus, it was much easier to earn a perfect season than it would be in later years.

Close to perfect

Since 1970, five NFL teams have had regular seasons with one loss: the 1976 Oakland Raiders (13–1) and the 1984 San Francisco 49ers, 1985 Chicago Bears, 1998 Minnesota Vikings, and 2004 Pittsburgh Steelers (all 15–1). The 1976 Raiders, 1984 49ers, and 1985 Bears all won three more games in the playoffs, including the Super Bowl; the '76 Raiders finishing 16–1 and the '84 49ers and '85 Bears both 18–1. The 1998 Vikings and 2004 Steelers each won one playoff game before losing their respective conference championship games to finish 16–2. Most of these teams suffered their regular-season losses early in the year and never made what might be considered a serious run at a perfect season; only the 1985 Bears (12-0) were on track for a perfect season when they lost.

The best start from an NFL team who failed to complete a perfect regular season was by the 2009 Indianapolis Colts, who started 14–0 before losing their final two regular season games to the New York Jets and the Buffalo Bills (both former division rivals) respectively to finish 14–2. Indianapolis, having clinched the top seed in the AFC that year, sacrificed its chances at a perfect regular season and instead rested its starters the final two games to protect them for the playoffs. The Colts would go on to Super Bowl XLIV but lost to the New Orleans Saints.

Three other teams have started 13–0 before losing their fourteenth game: the 1998 Denver Broncos; the 2005 Indianapolis Colts and the 2009 New Orleans Saints. All three of which lost at least two of their final three games. The 1998 Broncos and 2009 Saints went on to win the Super Bowl.

Other leagues

There have been no perfect seasons (or even perfect regular seasons) in the American Association, World Football League, United States Football League, XFL, or, to date, the Arena Football League or United Football League.

The following is a list of teams in minor or alternate leagues that compiled perfect seasons of 6 games or more, including postseason games, with no ties:

In indoor football, the following teams have had perfect seasons:

At least twenty-three other semi-professional football teams have had perfect seasons, seven of them being at least 17 games long. The Chambersburg Cardinals won a record 72 straight games between 1977 and 1984.[2]

The 1933 Providence Huskies (possibly a successor to the Providence Steam Roller) played arguably the most perfect season ever recorded by a professional or semi-professional team: a ten-game season in which they won every game and did not concede a single point during any game.[3]

Canadian football

Professional

A true perfect season (no losses and no ties through the regular season and playoffs) has never been achieved in professional Canadian football. Only one team, the 1948 Calgary Stampeders, has completed a perfect regular season.

The current CFL schedule would require a team to win 20 games (18 regular season, 1 playoff after bye week, and the Grey Cup championship) to post a perfect record.

1948 Calgary Stampeders

Under legendary head coach Les Lear, the 1948 Calgary Stampeders completed a perfect regular season with a record of 12-0; they had two wins and a tie during the playoffs to finish with a record of 14-0-1, the only undefeated complete season in CFL history.[4] In the Western Interprovincial Football Union playoff series (a home-and-home series decided on total points) against the Regina Roughriders, the first leg was tied 4-4, and the Stampeders won the second 21-10, to win the entire series 25-14. The Stampeders then defeated the Ottawa Rough Riders 12-7 for the 36th Grey Cup.

Canadian Interuniversity Sport

2003, 2005 Saskatchewan Huskies

In 2003 and 2005, the Saskatchewan Huskies completed perfect regular seasons. However, in both years they lost in the playoffs: in the Vanier Cup to the Laurier Golden Hawks in 2005, and in The Canada West Semi-Final To Alberta Golden Bears in 2003.

2007 Manitoba Bisons

A perfect season was attained in 2007 by the Manitoba Bisons, the football squad representing the University of Manitoba, located in Winnipeg, Canada. The Bisons were undefeated in Canada West Universities Athletic Association play during the 8-game schedule. In the playoffs, Manitoba comfortably handled the Calgary Dinos 27–5 in the opening round. The Bisons followed up with a 48–5 defeat of the Regina Rams in the Hardy Trophy and a strong 52–20 showing against the perennial contenders from the University of Western Ontario, the Western Ontario Mustangs, in the Mitchell Bowl. On Friday, November 23, 2007, two days before the 95th Grey Cup game in Toronto, the Bisons defeated the Saint Mary's University squad, known as the Saint Mary's Huskies, 28–14 to claim their first Vanier Cup championship since 1970, and third overall title. That victory capped their perfect 12 win season.

2010 Laval Rouge et Or

In 2010, the Laval Rouge et Or located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada had a perfect season of 13–0. They were undefeated with an 8–0 record in the QUFL. During the playoffs, they beat the Bishop's Gaiters 56–1 in the opening round. The Rouge et Or won the QUFL championship and the Dunsmore Cup by a close win of 22–17 against the Sherbrooke Vert et Or. They followed with a win of 13–11 against the Western Ontario Mustangs in the Uteck Bowl. Finally, on Saturday, November 27, 2010, in their home stadium in Quebec City, they won the Vanier Cup 29–2 against the Calgary Dinos, capping a 13–0 season.

Lacrosse

In professional lacrosse, the 1993 Buffalo Bandits are the only team to have won a perfect season in the National Lacrosse League. The Bandits won all ten of their regular season games and won the championship in a two-round tournament; the season was the continuation of a multi-season winning streak that dated to the Bandits' successful run for the previous year's championship.[5]

Major League Lacrosse, which began play in 2001, has not yet had any perfect season.

Other North American professional sports leagues

In North America’s three other major professional sports leagues (Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League) it is almost impossible for a team to play a “perfect” season, primarily because there are substantially more games in the regular season (162 in Major League Baseball, and 82 in the NBA and NHL). The Women’s National Basketball Association’s season has been between 28-34 games long, and it too has never produced a perfect season.

It is possible for a baseball pitcher to achieve a perfect season, taking at least one win and any number of no-decisions throughout the year. This has happened 1813 times in baseball's history, though the majority (1171) were 1–0 seasons, mostly by relief pitchers. The best perfect season belongs to Tom Zachary of the 1929 New York Yankees, who posted a 12–0 record in 119.2 innings. No pitcher has ever achieved a perfect season while qualifying for the ERA title.

In the NBA, the 1985–86 Boston Celtics played a nearly perfect home season. During the regular season they were 40–1 (.976) in front of their home crowd, their only regular-season home loss occurred on December 6, 1985, to the Portland Trail Blazers, by the score of 121–103. The Celtics would also win all 10 of their home games in the postseason, to finish 50-1 at home.

Other professional sports

For other sports leagues for individuals, such as the PGA Tour or NASCAR, a perfect season would represent winning every event in a season. Considering the number of tournaments or races in those leagues, and the fact that each individual faces over 40 opponents as opposed to one, a perfect season is almost impossible. Golf instead considers the Grand Slam, deemed to be the four most difficult contests in professional golf, to be analogous to perfection; since 1934, when The Masters was added as a major, no player has won all four in one year. Tiger Woods came closest, winning four consecutive professional majors over two years in 2000 and 2001.

The three golfing seasons that could be deemed closest include Bobby Jones winning all four majors in 1930 (when The (British) Amateur Championship and U.S. Amateur were still considered majors), Byron Nelson winning 11 consecutive tournaments he played in (and 18 in one year) in 1945, and Woods' aforementioned four consecutive majors in 2000 and 2001. Professional motorcycle racer Ricky Carmichael had perfect seasons in 2002 and 2004. In 1997, road racer Tommy Kendall started the 13-race SCCA Trans-Am Series season 11–0, the longest documentable win streak in worldwide professional road racing.[6] In the 12th race, he was battling for the lead on the final lap, but spun out and finished second. The feat would be extremely difficult in NASCAR, because of the length of the season (currently 36 races).

American collegiate sports

NCAA Football

See also: List of undefeated NCAA Division I football teams

Due to relatively short seasons through most of college football history, the list of undefeated Division I football teams includes dozens of teams.[7] The highest level of college football, the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, does not use a play-off to determine a champion, instead relying on a combination of polls and computer rankings to choose two teams to play one title game in a system known as the Bowl Championship Series.[8] Prior to 1992, no attempt was made to match up the top two teams in a championship game, further increasing the chances of multiple teams achieving a perfect season.

The University of Washington's FBS record 63 game unbeaten streak included 5 consecutive perfect seasons from 1909–1913. The University of Oklahoma's FBS record 47 game winning streak included three consecutive perfect seasons from 1954–1956. The record for most wins in an undefeated season is 14–0, accomplished in 2002 by Ohio State, twice in 2009 by Boise State and Alabama, and in 2010 by Auburn.

NCAA Division I Basketball

Men

Before the establishment of the National Invitation Tournament in 1938 and the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship in 1939, perfect seasons were more common; each season consisted of fewer games and top teams from different parts of the country might never meet.

There have been 7 NCAA men's Division I basketball champions with perfect records:

Another team in the NCAA Tournament era had an unbeaten record and won a recognized national title:

  • 1939 LIU Blackbirds (24–0) — won the NIT, which at the time was more prestigious than the newly formed NCAA tournament.

The UCLA Bruins are the only team to have back-to-back perfect seasons (1972–1973) respectively creating a record of 60–0 technically, and all four perfect seasons were under Hall of Fame head coach John Wooden.

The following teams have completed a perfect regular season, but lost in the NCAA Tournmament or other postseason action:

In addition, four other teams in the tournament era had unbeaten records, but did not play in any postseason tournament:

  • 1940 Seton Hall Pirates (19–0) — not invited to either the NCAA Tournament or NIT.
  • 1944 Army Cadets (15–0) — not invited to either the NCAA Tournament or NIT. (Given that this season was during World War II, it is also possible that Army chose to turn down tournament invitations.)
  • 1954 Kentucky Wildcats (25–0) — declined a bid to the NCAA Tournament due to an NCAA ruling that graduate students could not compete.
  • 1973 NC State Wolfpack (27–0) — ineligible for postseason competition due to rule violations earlier that season.

Women

In the women's game, the following national championship teams have had perfect records since the AIAW began sponsoring a championship tournament in 1972 (which was followed by the NCAA tournament in 1982):

The following teams have completed perfect regular seasons, but lost in the NCAA Tournament or other postseason action:

NCAA Hockey

The 1970 Cornell Big Red recorded an unbeaten, untied season. The last college to finish undefeated was Bemidji State University (Div II) during the 1983–84 season.

1955–56 Clarkson Golden Knights were undefeated (23–0–0), and Coach Bill Harrison won the NCAA Division I Coach of the Year, but Clarkson skipped the NCAA tournament because Clarkson had seniors with (4) years of college play which was against NCAA rules at the time.

ACHA Hockey

The 2007–2008 University of Illinois Fighting Illini are the only American Collegiate Hockey Association team to record a perfect season with a record of 38–0–0.

Association football

Domestic teams

Many association football teams have also had perfect seasons, however doing so in a season of 20 or more matches is very rare. Clubs to have achieved this include: Dresdner SC of Germany in 1942–43 (23 wins out of 23), Ferencvárosi of Hungary in 1931–32 (22), Sunrise Flacq United of Mauritius in 1995–96 (22), and Nacional of Uruguay in 1941 (20).[12] Al-Ahly (of Egypt) hold the record of going a whole season being unbeaten, in all possible competitions they were involved in (46 matches in total played in: Egyptian Premier League, Egyptian Cup, Egytpian Super Cup and CAF Champions League). The longest winning streak of any team over multiple seasons was Sparta Prague's run of at least 51 wins in a row, between 1920 and 1923.[12]

Teams finishing a season unbeaten (i.e. having won or drawn every match) are more common. In Serie A, Italian club Perugia went the entire 1978–79 Serie A season without losing a game. A.C. Milan did the same in the 1991–92 Serie A season. In 1972–73, S.L. Benfica became the first club in Portugal to last a whole season without defeat and won 28 matches — 23 consecutively — out of 30, and drew two; the club once again went undefeated in 1978 but did not win the league that year. Thirty-three years later FC Porto, under the management of André Villas-Boas, finished the 2010–2011 Liga season unbeaten, with 27 wins and 3 draws. In the 2010–11 Saudi Professional League, Champions Al-Hilal FC finished a 26 game season without defeat, winning 19 games and drawing 7. Norwegian club Rosenborg BK finished the 2010 season undefeated. Arsenal in the 2003–04 English Premier League season, finished with no losses from 38 games. Preston North End was unbeaten in 22 league games and all of its FA Cup games in 1889–90. The only unbeaten champion in Brazil was SC Internacional, who won the 1979 season with 16 victories and 7 ties.[13]

FIFA World Cup

See also: List of teams undefeated in the FIFA World Cup

The likelihood of a national team in the FIFA World Cup to win all of its group stage matches, as well as every knockout game, to become the champion is higher than most domestic teams, given this unofficial "season" is only seven games maximum. This is not counting the qualifying round of the tournament, which lasts over a year and has had a varied format since 1934. Only one team, the 1970 World Cup champion Brazilian team has won every game in all both qualification and finals, without being the host country or defending champions (which allows a team to skip qualifying rounds), in this case, a total of 13 games.[14][15] In 2010 the Dutch team came very close achieving the same feat as the Brazilian team did in 1970. The Netherlands won 8 out of 8 qualifying games and went on to win the next 6 World Cup matches only to lose to Spain in the final, ending with a 14–0–1 record.

The 1990 West German team was the last to be a champion while incurring no losses in all rounds; they had 8 wins and 5 ties. The last team to win with no losses or ties in the last two rounds (group round and knockout round) was the Brazilian team at the 2002 World Cup.

FIFA Women's World Cup

Through 2011, the likelihood of a national team winning all of its matches in the FIFA Women's World Cup has been slightly greater than in the men's version. The Women's World Cup began in 1991 with 12 teams, and expanded to 16 effective in 1999. Under both structures, the winning team has only had to win six games (three in group play and three in the knockout stage) to win the title unbeaten. The tournament will expand to 24 teams in 2015, at which time the number of games that the champion must play will increase to seven.

The 2011 event, won by Japan, was the first in which the champion lost in group play; the other finalist, the USA, had also lost in group play. Each previous team to have won the title — the USA in 1991 and 1999, Norway in 1995, and Germany in 2003 and 2007 — won all of its group stage matches. In fact, only one of these teams, the USA in 1999, had a knockout match go to extra time—specifically the final against China, which ultimately went to a penalty shootout. Germany won all of its matches in the 2007 final tournament without giving up a goal, becoming the first team in either the men's or women's World Cup to accomplish this feat.

Three Women's World Cup champions also went through their qualifying stage without a loss or draw:

Of the other two teams to win the Women's World Cup without a loss or draw in the finals:

  • Norway went through their 1995 qualification campaign with 8 wins, 1 draw and 1 loss.
  • The USA automatically qualified for the 1999 edition as host.

Australian Football

Australian Football League (VFL/AFL)

The Australian Football League began in 1897 as the Victorian Football League, based entirely in the state of Victoria, before it expanded through the 1980s and 1990s to become the top level national league in the sport of Australian rules football. The length of a complete season (including finals matches) has typically been between 18 and 26. Through the history of the league, no team has ever completed a perfect season.

Only one team, the Collingwood Magpies in 1929, has had a perfect home-and-away season, finishing that season with a record of 18-0. The club went on to win the premiership, but did not complete a perfect season after losing a the semi-final against Richmond.

South Australian National Football League

The SANFL has existed since 1877 within South Australia, and until the latter part of the 20th century was of equivalent standard to the VFL. The only perfect season to be completed was by the 1914 Port Adelaide team, known as the 'Invincibles'. Port finished the minor round with a 12–0 record, before winning both finals to finish with a 14–0 record and a perfect season. They also won the Championship of Australia against VFL premiers Carlton, to extend that record to 15-0.[16] The closest any team got to Port Adelaide was North Adelaide, losing by 21 points in Round 10.

In 1912, Port Adelaide had a perfect minor round and then beat West Torrens in its semi-final but lost both the final and Grand Final to West Adelaide[17].

West Australian Football League

The WAFL has existed since 1885 within Western Australia, and until the latter part of the 20th century was of equivalent standard to either the VFL or SANFL. The 1946 East Fremantle team is the only club to have managed a perfect season or even a perfect home-and-away season, winning all twenty-one of its games; it is noted that the playing lists of many of its opponents had been seriously depleted by World War II.

Victorian Football League (VFA/VFL)

The Victorian Football League, known until 1996 as the Victorian Football Association, began in 1877 and was Victoria's premier football league until 1897, and has been the second-tier league in the state since. Perfect seasons have been completed on four occasions in VFA/VFL history: by North Melbourne in 1915, with a record of 14-0 and after an abeyance due to World War I in 1918 with a record of 12-0;[16] by Geelong West in 1972 Division 2, with a record of 20-0,[18] and by Port Melbourne in 2011, with a record of 21-0.[19] There were also cases of teams going undefeated through the season in the nineteenth century, but none completed perfect seasons because some of their matches were drawn.

Three other teams have completed perfect home-and-away seasons, but subsequently lost finals matches. North Melbourne in 1919 won all eighteen home-and-away games before losing to Brunswick in the second-semi-final and Footscray in the Grand Final. Coburg in 1945 won all twenty home-and-away games before losing by seventeen points to Williamstown in the second semi-final and then by two points to Port Melbourne in the preliminary final; and Williamstown in 1957 won all twenty home-and-away games before losing narrowly to Moorabbin in the second semi final, and being beaten by twelve goals by Port Melbourne in the preliminary final.

Rugby league

National Rugby League

In New South Wales Rugby League and National Rugby League has existed since 1908. In its history, only one team has completed a perfect season: the South Sydney Rabbitohs in 1925, who won all twelve games contested.[20]

Five other teams have completed nearly-perfect seasons, going undefeated but featuring at least one drawn match: Balmain (1915),[21] North Sydney (1921),[22] Eastern Suburbs (1936 and 1937)[23][24] and St George (1959)[25]

Rugby union

Super Rugby

The Southern Hemisphere's principal team competition, Super Rugby, established as Super 12 in 1996 and later known as Super 14 before adopting its current name in 2011, has seen only one perfect season. The Crusaders, based in Christchurch and representing a large portion of the South Island of New Zealand, finished the 2002 Super 12 season with an 11–0–0 record and went on to win both of their finals matches to claim the season crown unbeaten.

One other team has won a championship unbeaten — in 1997, the Auckland Blues (known simply as "Blues" since 2000), which at the time represented the central and southern parts of the Auckland area plus some adjacent regions to the south, finished the regular season with one draw from 11 matches. They also won both of their finals matches to claim the title.

Netball

ANZ Championship

The ANZ Championship, the principal netball competition for Australia and New Zealand was established in 2008 to replace the Commonwealth Bank Trophy. Comprising 10 teams (5 Australian and 5 New Zealand) there has only been one perfect season in the history of the competition. The Mission Queensland Firebirds, based in Brisbane, Queensland finished the 2011 season undefeated (13 games) and went on to win both their finals matches.

See also

  • Imperfect season, the opposite of a perfect season, where a team loses every game.

References

  1. ^ [1]"Shoes ... The Jaw ... by any name, Shula still the king," by Gene Wojciechowski, ESPN.com, Feb. 1, 2007
  2. ^ Steven Brainerd (2010). Minor league football records - Winning streaks.
  3. ^ http://www.semiprofootball.org/minor/records/teampnts.htm
  4. ^ [2] Grey Cup History (CFL.ca), Accessed December 13, 2007
  5. ^ http://blogs.buffalonews.com/sports_ink/2011/07/three-former-bandits-among-six-nominated-for-nll-hall.html
  6. ^ "Trans-Am Drivers' and Manufacturers' Champions". Deep Throttle. 2008-01-24. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  7. ^ Dolphin Historical Football Rankings Retrieved December 7, 2006
  8. ^ Home page of the Bowl Championship Series
  9. ^ http://www.tourneytravel.com/history/schoolstats.htm
  10. ^ MacMullan, Jackie (2004-03-07). "Undefeated and unnoticed". The Boston Globe.
  11. ^ Associated Press (2010-04-06). "UConn overcomes 12-point first half to squeeze past Stanford for second straight title". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2010-04-06. UConn (39–0) won its 78th straight, extending its women's NCAA record for consecutive victories, although this one was the closest. All of the Huskies' previous wins in the streak were by double digits. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b Unbeaten
  13. ^ "Internacional 1979: único campeão brasileiro invicto" (in Portuguese). Globo Esporte.
  14. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=32/results/index.html 1970 FIFA World Cup match results
  15. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=32/preliminaries/preliminary=28/index.html 1970 FIFA World Cup preliminary match results
  16. ^ a b Devaney, John. "1913 to 1920". fullpointsfooty.net. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  17. ^ SAFL MATCH PROGRAMME AND RESULTS 1912
  18. ^ Devaney, John. "1972 to 1976". fullpointsfooty.net. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  19. ^ Amy, Paul (25 Sep 2011). "Port Melbourne crushes Williamstown to claim VFL flag". Leader. Retrieved 25 Sep 2011.
  20. ^ "Season 1925". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  21. ^ "Season 1915". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  22. ^ "Season 1921". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  23. ^ "Season 1936". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  24. ^ "Season 1937". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
  25. ^ "Season 1959". Rugby League Tables. Retrieved 3 Jun 2011.
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