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Sidónio Pais

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Sidónio Pais
Minister of Public Works, Commerce and Industry
In office
September 3, 1911 – November 12, 1911
Prime MinisterJoão Chagas
Preceded byManuel de Brito Camacho
Succeeded byJosé Estêvão de Vasconcelos
Minister of Finances
In office
November 12, 1911 – June 16, 1912
Prime MinisterAugusto de Vasconcelos
Preceded byDuarte Leite
Succeeded byAntónio Vicente Ferreira
67th Prime Minister of Portugal
(13th of the Republic)
In office
December 5, 1917 – December 14, 1918
PresidentNone
(Himself, as Prime Minister was the head of state)
Preceded byBernardino Machado (as President)
Afonso Costa (as Prime Minister)
Succeeded byHimself (as President)
João do Canto e Castro (as Prime Minister)
Minister for War
In office
December 5, 1917 – May 11, 1918
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byJosé Norton de Matos
Succeeded byJoão Tamagnini Barbosa
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
December 5, 1917 – May 11, 1918
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byAugusto Vieira Soares (effective)
Ernesto Jardim Vilhena (interim)
Succeeded byFrancisco Xavier Esteves
4th President of Portugal
In office
April 28, 1918 – December 14, 1918
Preceded byBernardino Machado (effective)
Himself (interim, as Prime Minister Head of State)
Succeeded byJoão do Canto e Castro
Personal details
Born(1872-05-01)May 1, 1872
Caminha, Kingdom of Portugal
DiedDecember 14, 1918(1918-12-14) (aged 46)
Lisbon, Portuguese First Republic
Political partyNational Republican Party
(Sidonist Party)
Spouse(s)Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa; Ema Manso Preto (non-marital liaison)
ChildrenSidónio, António, Maria Sidónia, Afonso and Pedro; Maria Olga (out of wedlock)
OccupationMilitary officer (Major)
Lecturer of Mathematics and Astronomy
NicknamePresidente-Rei (President-King)

Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (Portuguese pronunciation: [siˈdɔniu ˈpajʃ]; Caminha, Caminha, 1 May 1872–Lisbon, 14 December 1918) was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, the fourth President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.

Family

He was the eldest child and son of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais (Caminha, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 1 November 1846[1] – Ferreira do Zêzere, Dornes, 27 August 1883), a Law Clerk and Public Notary in Caminha and later in Pedrógão Grande and Sertã of Barcelos New Christian Jewish ancestry (on his great-great-grandfather António Velho da Fonseca)[2], and wife (m. Caminha, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, 22 June 1871) Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva (Caminha, Caminha, 29 August 1844 – Caminha, Caminha, 9 March 1919). His brothers and sisters were Rita (b. Caminha, Caminha, 1873), Alberto (Caminha, Caminha, 1874 – Caminha, Caminha, 1877), António (Caminha, Caminha, 15 November 1876 – Lisbon, Hospital da Marinha, 27 June 1949), who was also a military and married at the Igreja Matriz de Caminha, Caminha, 7 May 1904 Júlia Cândida de Sant' Ana Cerqueira (Caminha, Caminha, 1 September 1881 – Lisbon, 6 June 1968) and had issue, Ana da Glória (b. Caminha, Caminha, 1878), Alberto (b. Pedrógão Grande, 1881, d. child) and Aureliano (b. Sertã, 1883, d. child).

Life

He was an army officer and taught mathematics at the Army School, and later, at the University of Coimbra. He became a member of Parliament in 1911, and from 12 November 1911 he was the 4th Minister of Finance for a short period. He was ambassador in Berlin from 1912 until 1916, when Portugal joined the First World War on the Allied side.

On 5 December 1917, he led an uprising against Afonso Costa's Democratic Party government, and established an authoritarian regime. He became the 99th Prime-Minister and was elected President (unopposed) on 28 April 1918. He also became the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 11 December 1917 until 9 May 1918.

File:Sidonio Pais (official).jpg
Official portrait of President Sidónio Pais by Henrique Medina.
Avenida Sidónio Pais in Macau

His short period in office saw a warming of Church-state relations, the extension of the electoral franchise, and the smashing defeat of the ill-prepared Portuguese troops at La Lys, in France.

He escaped a first assassination attempt, but was shot on 14 December 1918 by José Júlio da Costa, at Rossio railway station, in Lisbon, when he was preparing to board a train to Porto, to hold discussions with the monarchist leaders of the Northern Military Juntas.

Descendants

He married in Amarante in 1895 Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa (Amarante, São Gonçalo, 1868/1869 – Porto?/Lisbon, 14 September 1945), daughter of Vitorino Ferreira Bessa (Penafiel, Luzim/Perozelo, 1810 – Amarante, São Gonçalo, 16 February 1894), a Landowner, and wife Bernardina Joaquina/Augusta Pinto Martins (Valença, Santa Maria da Praça, Casa do Assento Militar, 1826 – 15 March 1905), the couple had five children, four sons and one daughter. Out of wedlock, by one Ema Manso Preto (born in 12 September 1871 and wife (m. 22 December 1900) of Álvaro Augusto Leite Ribeiro), he also had a daughter. He is the great-grandfather in male line of pianist and composer Bernardo Sassetti.

References

  1. ^ Baptised in Caminha, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, on 2 December 1846.
  2. ^ Os Paes de Barcelos. Subsídios genealógicos para a biografia do Presidente da República Sidónio Paes, priest António Julio Limpo Trigueiros and Armando B. Malheiros da Silva, Barcelos, 1994
  • Fotobiografias do Século XX, Photobiography of Sidónio Pais, Círculo de Leitores.
Preceded by President of Portugal
1917–1918 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Portugal
1917–1918 		Succeeded by

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