New York's 12th congressional district

New York's 12th congressional district
New York's 12th congressional district
Representative	Nydia Velázquez; D–Brooklyn
Distribution	100.00% urban; 0.00% rural;
Population (2010)	672,358
Ethnicity	44.6% Hispanic; 26.8% White; 18.1% Asian; 8.2% Black; 2.1% other; 0.7% Native American;
Cook PVI	D+33

New York's 12th Congressional District is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City. It includes parts of Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan. It includes the Queens neighborhoods of Maspeth, Ridgewood, and Woodside, the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bushwick, Greenpoint, Red Hook, East New York, Brooklyn Heights, Sunset Park, and Williamsburg and part of Manhattan’s Lower East Side and East Village. It has been represented by Democrat Nydia Velazquez since 1993.

Due to the 2010 United States Census and the ensuing redistricting, the boundaries of the 12th district have changed significantly. The new district, which will be in effect as of the 2012 congressional election, will include several neighborhoods in the East Side of Manhattan, Greenpoint, and western Queens, mostly overlapping the pre-redistricting 14th district. The pre-redistricting 12th district will be mostly overlapped by the new 7th district. ^[1]

According to the New York State Board of Elections, four candidates filed petitions to appear on the ballot in the June 26, 2012 Democratic Party primary election for the 7th district. The candidates are Nydia Velazquez, currently representing the 12th district; New York City Council member Erik Martin Dilan; economist Daniel J. O'Connor of Manhattan; and Occupy Wall Street activist and former Democratic district leader George Martinez of Brooklyn. ^[2] ^[3]

Demographics

According to data from the New York State Legislature's Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment, the ethnic composition of the district's 18-and-over population is estimated to be 29.8% white, 7.9% black, 41.4% Hispanic, 18.7% Asian-American, .02% American Indian, 1.4% multiracial, and .5% "other". ^[4]

According to data based on the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates published by the U.S. Census Bureau for 2009, the district has an estimated total population of 694,240. The ethnic composition of the district is estimated to be 46.33% Hispanic or Latino, 27.18% white, 7.12% black or African American, .08% American Indian or Alaska Native, 17.88% Asian, and 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. An estimated .38% of the district's population is some other race, and 1.04% are two or more races. ^[4] ^[5]

Voting

Election results from presidential races
Year	Office	Results
1992	President	Clinton 68 - 26%
1996	President	Clinton 85 - 11%
2000	President	Gore 77 - 15%
2004	President	Kerry 80 - 19%
2008	President	Obama 86 - 13%

Components: Past and Present

The 12th District was historically a Brooklyn district. In the 1960s, it was realigned to include majority African American neighborhoods such as Bedford-Stuyvesant in Central Brooklyn. Up to 1992 it was the central Brooklyn district now held by Yvette Clarke (and formerly by Major Owens), and then remapped to include Hispanic neighborhoods in lower Manhattan and Queens.

1803-1913:

[data missing]

1913-1945:

Parts of Manhattan

1945-1993:

Parts of Brooklyn

1993-present:

Parts of Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens

List of representatives

1803 - 1813: One seat

Representative	Party	Years	Note
District created		1803
David Thomas	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1803 – February 17, 1808^[6]	Redistricted from 7th district Resigned to become New York State Treasurer
Vacant		February 17, 1808 – November 7, 1808
Nathan Wilson	Democratic- Republican	November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809	[data missing]
Erastus Root	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811	[data missing]
Arunah Metcalf	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813	[data missing]

1813 - 1823: two seats

From 1813 to 1823, two seats were apportioned to the 12th District, elected at-large on a general ticket.

Seat A

Representative	Party	Years	Note
Zebulon R. Shipherd	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	[data missing]
vacant		March 4, 1815 – December 7, 1815	Representative-elect Benjamin Pond died on October 6, 1814
Asa Adgate	Democratic-Republican	December 7, 1815 – March 3, 1817	Elected to fill vacancy
John Palmer	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819	[data missing]
Ezra C. Gross	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1821	[data missing]
Vacant		March 4, 1821 - December 3, 1821	The United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1821 were held in April, after the congressional term had already begun. It is not clear when the result was announced or the credentials were issued.
Reuben H. Walworth	Democratic- Republican	December 3, 1821 – March 3, 1823	[data missing]

Seat B

Representative	Party	Years	Note
Elisha I. Winter	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	[data missing]
John Savage	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819	[data missing]
Nathaniel Pitcher	Democratic- Republican	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823	[data missing]

1823 - present: One seat

Representative	Party	Years	Note
Lewis Eaton	Crawford Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	[data missing]
William Dietz	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827	[data missing]
John I. De Graff	Jacksonian	March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1829	[data missing]
Peter I. Borst	Jacksonian	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831	[data missing]
Joseph Bouck	Jacksonian	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833	[data missing]
Henry C. Martindale	Anti- Masonic	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835	[data missing]
David Abel Russell	Anti- Jacksonian	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	[data missing]
David Abel Russell	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	[data missing]
Bernard Blair	Whig	March 4, 1841 – June 20, 1843	[data missing]
David L. Seymour	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	[data missing]
Richard P. Herrick	Whig	March 4, 1845 – June 20, 1846	Died
Vacant		June 20, 1846 – December 7, 1846
Thomas C. Ripley	Whig	December 7, 1846 – March 3, 1847	[data missing]
Gideon Reynolds	Whig	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1851	[data missing]
David L. Seymour	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	[data missing]
Gilbert Dean	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – July 3, 1854	Redistricted from 8th district Resigned to become justice to Supreme Court of New York
Vacant		July 3, 1854 – November 7, 1854
Isaac Teller	Whig	November 7, 1854 – March 3, 1855	[data missing]
Killian Miller	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	[data missing]
John Thompson	Republican	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859	[data missing]
Charles Lewis Beale	Republican	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	[data missing]
Stephen Baker	Republican	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	[data missing]
Homer A. Nelson	Democratic	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865	[data missing]
John H. Ketcham	Republican	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1873	[data missing]
Charles St. John	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	Redistricted from 11th district
Nathaniel H. Odell	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	[data missing]
Clarkson Nott Potter	Democratic	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	[data missing]
Waldo Hutchins	Democratic	November 4, 1879 – March 3, 1885	Elected to replace Representative-elect Alexander Smith who died before being seated
Abraham Dowdney	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – December 10, 1886	Died
Vacant		December 10, 1886 – March 4, 1887
William Bourke Cockran	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	[data missing]
Roswell P. Flower	Democratic	March 4, 1889 – September 16, 1891	Resigned to become Governor of New York
Vacant		September 16, 1891 – November 3, 1891
Joseph J. Little	Democratic	November 3, 1891 – March 3, 1893	[data missing]
William Bourke Cockran	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	Redistricted from 10th district
George B. McClellan, Jr.	Democratic	March 4, 1895 – December 21, 1903	Resigned to become Mayor of New York City
Vacant		December 21, 1903 – February 23, 1904
William Bourke Cockran	Democratic	February 23, 1904 – March 3, 1909	[data missing]
Michael F. Conry	Democratic	March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1913	Redistricted to 15th district
Henry M. Goldfogle	Democratic	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915	Redistricted from 9th district
Meyer London	Socialist	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1919	[data missing]
Henry M. Goldfogle	Democratic	March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1921	[data missing]
Meyer London	Socialist	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923	[data missing]
Samuel Dickstein	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – January 3, 1945	Redistricted to 19th district
John J. Rooney	Democratic	January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1953	Redistricted from 4th district Redistricted to 14th district
Francis E. Dorn	Republican	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1961	[data missing]
Hugh Carey	Democratic	January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1963	Redistricted to 15th district
File:Edna kelly.jpg Edna F. Kelly	Democratic	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1969	Redistricted from 10th district
Shirley Chisholm	Democratic	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1983	[data missing]
Major R. Owens	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993	Redistricted to 11th district
Nydia Velazquez	Democratic	January 3, 1993 – present	[data missing]

Recent elections

In New York, are numerous minor parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties will invariably endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes (Listed as "Recap").

US House election, 1996: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	61,913	84.6
	Republican	Miguel I. Prado	9,978	13.6
	Socialist Workers	Eleanor Garcia	1,283	1.8
Majority			51,935	71.0
Turnout			73,174	100

US House election, 1998: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	53,269	83.6	−1.0
	Republican	Rosemary Markgraf	7,405	11.6	−2.0
	Conservative	Angel Diaz	1,632	2.6	+2.6
	Liberal	Hector Cortes, Jr.	1,400	2.2	+2.2
Majority			45,864	72.0	+1.0
Turnout			63,706	100	−12.9

US House election, 2000: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	86,288	87.1	+3.5
	Republican	Rosemary Markgraf	10,052	10.1	−1.5
	Socialist	Paul Pederson	1,025	1.0	+1.0
	Right to Life	Mildred Rosario	865	0.9	+0.9
	Conservative	Cesar Estevez	850	0.9	−1.7
Majority			76,236	76.9	+4.9
Turnout			99,080	100	+55.5

US House election, 2002: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	48,408	95.8	+8.7
	Conservative	Cesar Estevez	2,119	4.2	+3.3
Majority			46,289	91.6	+14.7
Turnout			50,527	100	−49.0

US House election, 2004: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	107,796	86.3	−9.5
	Republican	Paul A. Rodriguez	17,166	13.7	+13.7
Majority			90,630	72.5	−19.1
Turnout			124,962	100	+147.3

US House election, 2006: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	62,847	89.7	+3.4
	Republican	Allan E. Romaguera	7,182	10.3	−3.4
Majority			55,665	79.5	+7.0
Turnout			70,029	100	−44.0

US House election, 2008: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	123,053	90.0	+0.3
	Republican	Allan E. Romaguera	13,748	10.0	−0.3
Majority			109,305	80.0	+0.5
Turnout			136,801	100	+95.3

US House election, 2010: New York District 12
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Nydia Velazquez	68,624	93.9	+3.9
	Conservative	Alice Gaffney	4,482	6.1	+6.1
Majority			64,142	87.7	+7.7
Turnout			73,106	100	−46.6

2012 election

Nydia Velazquez, the incumbent Democrat, is expected to run for reelection in 2012.

Dan O'Connor of Manhattan has declared his candidacy and intends to challenge Velazquez in the September 2012 Democratic primary. ^[7]

Possible candidates include New York City Council member Erik Martin Dilan, also a Democrat. ^[8]

Notes

^ "New York Redistricting". New York Times. 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
^ "List of Filings for June 26, 2012 Federal Primary". New York State Board of Elections. 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
^ "Velázquez Faces Challengers in Dem. Primary". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
^ ^a ^b "Congressional District Profiles" (PDF). New York State Legislature. 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-27. Cite error: The named reference "renamed_from_2009_on_20111024092507" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ "Fast Facts for Congress". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005–2009. Retrieved 2011-10-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
^ David Thomas was appointed New York State Treasurer on February 5, 1808, and resigned his seat. His letter of resignation was read in the House on February 17. see: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States (Vol. V; page 182)
^ "Dan O'Connor for Congress". Dan O'Connor for Congress. 2011-10-13. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
^ "Erik Dilan vs. Nydia Velazquez". The Perez Notes. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
2004 House election data Clerk of the House of Representatives
2002 House election data "
2000 House election data "
1998 House election data "
1996 House election data "
{{cite web|title = New York Redistricting -

[1] "New York Redistricting". New York Times. 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2012-05-13.

[2] "List of Filings for June 26, 2012 Federal Primary". New York State Board of Elections. 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-05-13.

[3] "Velázquez Faces Challengers in Dem. Primary". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-05-13.

[renamed_from_2009_on_20111024092507-4] "Congressional District Profiles" (PDF). New York State Legislature. 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-27. Cite error: The named reference "renamed_from_2009_on_20111024092507" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[rematch-5] "Fast Facts for Congress". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005–2009. Retrieved 2011-10-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)

[6] David Thomas was appointed New York State Treasurer on February 5, 1808, and resigned his seat. His letter of resignation was read in the House on February 17. see: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States (Vol. V; page 182)

[O-7] "Dan O'Connor for Congress". Dan O'Connor for Congress. 2011-10-13. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

[Dilan-8] "Erik Dilan vs. Nydia Velazquez". The Perez Notes. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

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