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Otome game

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An otome game (乙女ゲーム, otome gēmu, lit. "maiden game") is a video game that is targeted towards a female market, where one of the main goals, besides the plot goal, is to develop a romantic relationship between the female player character and one of several male characters. This genre is most established in Japan, and is generally made up of visual novels and simulation games (particularly dating sims). As of 2012, the most representative otome game title available in English is Hakuoki: Demon of the Fleeting Blossom (Hakuouki: Shinsengumi Kitan) for the PSP. This genre is also referred to as G×B games by western fans (girl player pursuing boy characters).

History

The first otome game is generally acknowledged to be Angelique, released in 1994 by Koei in Japan for the Super Famicom, and created by an all-female team.[1] The game was originally targeted to pre-teen and younger teenage girls, but became unexpectedly popular with older teenagers and women in their 20s.[1] Angelique is credited with "set[ing] up the specifics and conventions of women’s games: a focus on romance, easy controls and utilizing other multimedia."[1] In 2002, Konami released its very successful Tokimeki Memorial Girl's Side, which brought many new fans to the still-new genre. In 2006, Famitsu's listings for the Top 20 selling love games included seven otome games. Early games borrowed heavily from the iconography and story conventions of "retro shoujo manga", "the archetypical girly heroines, the emphasis on pure, sexless, tranquil romance and on a peaceful, stable setting", but as the category expanded, other narrative and gameplay elements were introduced, including action/adventure, combat and plots in which "the heroine can ‘save the world’ and ‘get the guy’ at the same time".[1]

Commercially available English-developed otome games in modern times include Date Warp, Fatal Hearts, and Heileen. The latter two also include options for lesbian romance. McKenzie & Co(1995) from American Laser Games and Girl's Club (1992) from Philips Interactive were simulation games for girls developed and released in the US in the past.

Hakuouki: Shinsengumi Kitan was announced for a North American release on February 14, 2012 by Aksys. It will be released under the name Hakuoki: Demon of the Fleeting Blossom for the PSP handheld console.

Style

The genre has many style elements in common with shōjo manga,[1] and plotwise they are often similar to harem manga. There are also games targeted towards women that are focused on romance between men, called boys' love games (ボーイズラブゲーム, bōizu rabu gēmu), and sometimes there are Boys' Love elements in otome games, but the two genres are usually kept separate.

Otome games are usually targeted towards the teenage market, and thus have little sexuality in them. This is also due to the fact that many otome games are released for the PlayStation 2 platform, on which no pornographic content is allowed by Sony. Some games that were originally released on a PC platform with some sexuality (e.g. Dessert Love), were later toned down and re-released for the PS2.

Other common elements in otome games are the importance of voice acting,[1] CG stills, and a small epilogue or set scene at the end of the game when a character is successfully finished.

Gameplay

The goal of these games is to have your desired partner fall in love with you (with a confession of love or proposal at the end) and have a relationship with them, but the requirements for gaining a 'good end' differ from game to game.

While the plots of otome games differ greatly, there is usually a single female main character, and several good-looking males of varying 'types'.

In the visual novel examples of the genre, the player proceeds in the story by selecting dialogue or action choices which affect their relationships in a decision tree format.

In simulation otome games, there is also other gameplay which affects the plot, either by playing minigames or by raising stats. The main character (the player) often has several parameters, such as looks, style, intelligence, talent, etc., that can be raised through various activities in normal gameplay. The potential partners usually require a certain parameter or parameters to be at a certain level for them to fall in love with you.

There is also often a pure dating aspect of gameplay in simulations. This involves asking or being asked on dates by the love interest, doing an activity with them, and responding to their questions or comments. The player has a choice of responses, and a correct answer will raise your standing with that character.

One feature of otome games that has become common is 'full-voice', or having voice acting throughout the game, not only at major plot points. The love interests are often voiced by well-known seiyū or voice actors, and sometimes having well-known voices takes precedence in the development (and budgeting) stage over interesting characters, polished graphics, or an engaging plot. This is more prevalent in console games (for PlayStation 2 and Wii) and is still rare in handheld games (for Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable).

At certain points, or when the player passes certain requirements, special events can occur, often with a 'CG' (computer graphic) as a reward. This CG is a set picture featuring the love interest and sometimes the main character in a pose, and some dialogue.

Otome games have strong links with shōjo manga, with popular titles often spawning a manga series (e.g. Neo Angelique and Meine Liebe), and popular manga series getting adapted to videogames (such as Nana). Some examples of simultaneous releases of a manga and otome game also exist such as Angelique and Full House Kiss. It's also common to find doujinshi featuring popular characters from otome games.

Very popular games may also be adapted to anime OVAs or series, as Angelique and Uta no Prince Sama has.

Notable commercial otome games

Notable independent otome games

Notable otome game developers and publishers

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Kim, Hyeshin (2009). "Women's Games in Japan: Gendered Identity and Narrative Construction". Theory, Culture & Society. 26 (2–3). SAGE Publications: 165–188. ISSN 0263-2764.
  • GxB English-language games on the Ren'Ai Archives: original free English-language visual novels with female protagonists pursuing male characters
  • B's Log: Monthly Japanese language magazine focusing on female-targeted games (mostly otome and BL)
  • Dengeki Girl's Style: Japanese language magazine about female-targeted games released in even months (mostly otome and BL)
  • Red Panda Games: English visual novel site featuring anime games where girls pursue boys.
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