Jump to content

Idle No More

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by The Legend of Miyamoto (talk | contribs) at 01:29, 5 February 2013 (Undid revision 536617889 by 173.180.92.107 (talk) 2500 members is hardly notable in Facebook terms.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Idle No More
FormationNovember 2012
TypeGrassroots
PurposeA grassroots movement for Indigenous sovereignty, Indigenous rights and respect for the treaties. Goals include stopping Environmental degradation, and Economic and social inequality.
HeadquartersFirst Nations
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Founders
Jessica Gordon, Sylvia McAdam, Sheelah McLean, Nina Wilson
Websiteidlenomore.ca
Remarksmethods include

Idle No More is an ongoing protest movement originating among the Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprising the First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples and their non-Aboriginal supporters in Canada, and to a lesser extent, internationally. It has consisted of a number of political actions worldwide, inspired in part by the Liquid diet hunger strike of Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence[1] and further coordinated via social media. A reaction to legislative abuses of indigenous treaty rights by the current federal government, the movement takes particular issue with the recent omnibus bill Bill C-45.[2][3]

Background

After the May 2, 2011 Canadian Federal election, the federal government, led by Stephen Harper, proposed a number of omnibus bills, which introduced numerous legislative changes. While omnibus bills had been presented to parliament by previous governments, the perceived ideological nature of the changes proposed in Bill C-45 played to fears of a supposed right-wing agenda held by the Conservatives, particularly concerning the removal of the term "absolute surrender" in section 208, among others.

A number of these measures drew fire from environmentalist and First Nations groups. In particular, Bill C-45 overhauled the Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA) of 1882, renaming it the Navigation Protection Act (NPA). The NWPA had mandated an extensive approval and consultation process before construction of any kind could take place in or around any water which could in principle be navigated by any kind of floating craft. Under the new NPA, the approval process would only be required for development around one of a vastly circumscribed list of waterways set by the Minister of Transportation.[citation needed] Many of the newly deregulated waterways passed through traditional First Nations land.[4]

While the NWPA had originally been intended to facilitate actual navigation, the ubiquity of waterways in the Canadian wilderness has given it the effect of strong environmental legislation by presenting a significant barrier to industrial development of any kind, especially to projects such as pipelines which crossed many rivers.[5] The government had by this time been engaged for some years in a campaign for approval of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines Project, a proposal to build a pipeline for bitumen condensate connecting the Athabasca tar sands with the Pacific Ocean, facilitating unprocessed bitumen exports to China.[6]

Many bills affecting natives have failed to be passed. Numerous attempts to introduce bills have failed due to their low priority for past federal governments, eventually dying on the order paper without being debated or passed. In 1996 there was Bill C-79, the Indian Act Optional Modification Act; it died on the order paper. In 2002, there was Bill C-7, the First Nations Governance Act, which attempted to reform reserve administration. It died in 2003. In 2008, there was Bill C-47, the Family Homes on Reserves and Matrimonial Interests or Rights Act, to redress inequity in the treatment of women. That one died on the order paper three times. It is returned before Parliament, now called Bill S-2.[7] The cancellation of the recent Kelowna Accords by the current federal government was felt to be a betrayal by natives.[8] Further background to this is the feeling that the federal government has repeatedly acted in bad faith with native interests, and have violated treaties when it suited them. The feeling that the traditional tactics of negotiating with the federal government has become meaningless has caused support for new tactics.

Vision

The founders of Idle No More have outlined the vision and goals of the movement in a January 10, 2013 press release as follows:

The Vision [...] revolves around Indigenous Ways of Knowing rooted in Indigenous Sovereignty to protect water, air, land and all creation for future generations.

The Conservative government bills beginning with Bill C-45 threaten Treaties and this Indigenous Vision of Sovereignty.

Goals

The main goals and objectives that the movement promotes are A) Environmental Protection and B) Indigenous Sovereignty

These goals are planned to be accomplished by: (A) Implementing leadership structure and councils (Such as the Council of Women) (B) Taking training in; coordinating rallies, media, messaging, safety issues, identifying- provocateurs, misinformation shills, propaganda etc. (C) Placing key spokespeople and connecting with experienced experts in different areas; i.e. treaty research, Indigenous rights and governance, environmental activism, writers, international spokesperson, national etc. (D) Creating chapters across Turtle Island under umbrella of main INM. (E) Requesting regular meetings with First Nations leadership to have ongoing discussions regarding 3rd party agreements between Government of Canada and industry corporations

To date the movement has been particularly focused on:

(A) The education and the revitalization of Indigenous peoples through Awareness and Empowerment.

(B) Encouraging knowledge sharing of Indigenous Sovereignty and Environmental Protections.[9]

The press release also states: "As a grassroots movement, clearly no political organization speaks for Idle No More".[9]

Idle No More's vision has been linked by some commentators in the press with longstanding leftist political theories of indigenism.[10] During the protests of late 2012 and early 2013, the theoretical framework of Idle No More has been frequently articulated in the Canadian press by Pamela Palmater. Palmater has denounced what she perceives as the federal government's "assimilationist agenda".[11] It has been pointed out by others that the definition of "nation" is itself problematic.[12]

Sylvia McAdam, a co-founder of the movement, has stated that she does not condone the rail or road blockade tactics that some demonstrators have used, but has spoken in support of peaceful protest "within the legal boundaries".[13]

History

Members of the Nipissing First Nation from southern Ontario and local non-Aboriginal supporters in Ottawa

The movement was initiated by activists Nina Wilson, Sheelah Mclean, Sylvia McAdam and Jessica Gordon in November 2012, during a teach-in at Station 20 West in Saskatoon called "Idle No More", held in response to the Harper government's introduction of Bill C-45.

C-45 is a large omnibus bill implementing numerous measures, many of which activists claim weaken environmental protection laws. In particular, laws protecting all of the country's navigable waterways were limited in scope to protect only a few waterways of practical importance for navigation. Many of the affected waterways pass through land reserved to First Nations.

Law blog writer/observer Lorraine Land,[14] and Idle No More itself,[15] have identified the following current bills as affecting natives or native sovereignty:

  • Bill C-38 (Budget Omnibus Bill #1)
  • Bill C-45 (Budget Omnibus Bill #2)
  • Bill C-27 First Nations Financial Transparency Act
  • Bill S-2 Family Homes on Reserve and Matrimonial Interests or Right Act
  • Bill S-6 First Nations Elections Act
  • Bill S-8 Safe Drinking Water for First Nations
  • Bill C-428 Indian Act Amendment and Replacement Act
  • Bill S-207 An Act to amend the Interpretation Act
  • Bill S-212 First Nations Self-Government Recognition Bill
  • “First Nations” Private Ownership Act

This led to a series of teach-ins, rallies and protests that were planned by the founders in a National Day Of Action on Dec 10 which coincided with Amnesty Internationals Human Rights Day.[16] These coincided with similar protests already underway in British Columbia over the Northern Gateway and Pacific Trails pipelines.[17]

The protests were timed to coincide with the announcement that Chief Theresa Spence of Attawapiskat was launching a hunger strike (no solid foods, limited to tea, water and broth) to demand a meeting with Prime Minister Harper and the Governor General of Canada to discuss Aboriginal rights. The Assembly of First Nations then issued an open letter December 16 to Governor General David Johnston, calling for a meeting to discuss Spence's demands.[18]

Also on December 17 the Confederacy of Treaty No. 6 First Nations issued a press release saying that they did not recognize the legality of any laws passed by the federal parliament, "including but not limited to Bill C-45, which do not fulfill their constitutionally recognized and affirmed Treaty and Aboriginal rights; as well as the Crown's legal obligations to meaningfully consult and accommodate First Nations."[19]

As of January 4, 2013, the main goals have been narrowed down to (1) the establishment of a Nation to Nation relationship between First Nations and the Government of Canada, rather than a relationship as defined in the Indian Act to address issues and (2) social and environmental sustainability.[20]

Protests in Canada

Two members of the Siksika Nation from southern Alberta and a local non-Aboriginal supporter in Ottawa

The use of flash mobs performing round dances in shopping malls became a recurring theme of the protest during the pre- and post-Christmas shopping season in 2012. On December 17 a flash mob performed a round dance at the Cornwall Centre shopping mall in Regina.[21] The following day a similar flash mob round dance occurred at West Edmonton Mall.[22] This tactic was also used at the Rideau Centre in Ottawa. It also spread internationally when a similar protest at the Mall of America in Minnesota. Members of the Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba blocked the Trans-Canada Highway. Members of the Driftpile First Nation also blocked a road on December 18.[23]

The group executed their second round dance flash mob in Saskatchewan on December 20, this time at Midtown Plaza in Saskatoon. 2,000 people filled the upper and lower levels of the mall for the 10-minute long flash mob. Also on this day, organizers started gathering people around the Vimy war memorial on the Saskatoon riverbank.[24] On December 27 an online source reported that there had been 100 protests in Canada to date[25]

On December 30, as part of a day of nation-wide actions, a group believed to be involved with Idle No More blocked the Canadian National main railway line between the country's two largest cities of Toronto and Montreal at a point near Belleville, Ontario for approximately three hours.[26] On January 2, Waterfront Station in Vancouver was packed for a demonstration drawing hundreds of participants. Protestors danced and chanted.[27] Protestors filled Toronto's Eaton Centre, while a simultaneous protest occurred in the West Edmonton Mall, 50 Protestors at Clifton Hill in Niagara Falls, and other locations in Canada.[28] On January 5, 2013, protests shut down multiple border crossings throughout Canada, including Blue Water Bridge in Sarnia, Ontario, International Bridge in Cornwall, Ontario, the Peace Arch crossing in Surrey, B.C., The Peace Bridge between Fort Erie and Buffalo in the Niagara region, and NWT's Deh Cho Bridge.[29] The International Bridge in Cornwall had not been closed since a month long dispute between Akwesasne Nation and CBSA.[30]

On January 11, 2013, thousands of people participated in Idle No More demonstrations in all regions of Canada.[31]

Solidarity protests

Indigenous protesters at an Idle No More event in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

The protests have also spread outside of Canada. On December 27 an online source reported that there had been 30 protests in the United States, and solidarity protests in Stockholm, Sweden, London, UK, Berlin, Germany, Auckland, New Zealand, and Cairo, Egypt.[25] On December 30, approximately 100 people from Walpole Island marched to Algonac, Michigan.[28][32] CBS reported that "hundreds" attended a flash mob at the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[33] The Twin Cities Daily Planet called it a crowd of "over a thousand" and stated that it followed another similar protest week earlier where Clyde Bellecourt was arrested, and another flash mob at the Paul Bunyan Mall in Bemidji.[34] On January 5, the International Bridge was closed again from Mohawk protests from New York.[35]

Within the United States, protests have been reported in many states: Michigan,[28] Minnesota, New York,[35] Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico,[36] Washington, D.C. and Texas.[27]

Support

Former Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin, who had supported the Kelowna Accords, said that Teresa Spence's efforts made her "an inspiration to all Canadians". Former Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Joe Clark also met Spence and made a speech afterward saying that Canada and First Nations were on a dangerous path.[37]

In solidarity with the movement, Council of Canadians National Chairperson Maude Barlow, author Naomi Klein, and singer Sarah Slean have returned their Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medals.[38]

Criticism

Criticism of the Idle No More movement has appeared in Canada's mainstream media, which has covered related high-profile protests such as road blockades and Spence's fast. Several newspapers, such as the Calgary Herald,[39] and The Globe and Mail,[40][41] have published editorials critical of the movement or of Spence's hunger strike. The Edmonton Journal questioned Idle No More organizer Tanya Kappo's opposition to individual property rights on reserves.[42] An editorial in the Winnipeg Free Press called for a halt to Idle No More protests, and pointed to what it views as an incorrect interpretation of legislation by some protestors:

Changes to the Navigable Waters Protection Act, for example, are not a threat to aboriginal resources. The government is reducing its jurisdiction to 97 lakes, 62 rivers and three oceans, while leaving the environmental management of minor streams and water bodies to municipalities and provinces. It means more local control over projects without the excessive delays and red tape of the federal government. An amendment to a law that allows First Nations to lease their land has been described falsely as an act to allow for the sale of aboriginal land, but all it does is speed up the process for possible lease deals that aboriginal leaders themselves have sought so they can compete for economic development.[43]

Protesters in Ottawa

The movement has been compared to other contemporary movements such as “Occupy Wallstreet”, with this comes the same criticism of the movement being a “large protest” which will inevitably die out when the proponents become restless.[citation needed]

The parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs stated to media that "With respect to Bill C-45, the changes to property leasing provisions, these changes respond directly to the request of a number of First Nations Chiefs to provide them with more flexibility".[44]

Conservative Senator Patrick Brazeau, who is aboriginal and a former chief, spoke to media about the protests, pointing out that the demonstrations lacked focus in protesting "a whole gamut of issues"; he also indicated that democratic processes were available for participating in decision-making affecting First Nations.[45] He critiqued Teresa Spences tactics and claimed she should have used the "proper parliamentary process."[37]


Effects

The founders of the Idle No More movement have emphasized their intention for the movement to remain at its core a "grassroots" movement, releasing a statement to say that they have a different vision than that of the "Leadership" represented by the First Nation Chiefs, saying "we have been given a clear mandate … to work outside of the systems of government ".[46] By early January 2013, Shawn Atleo, leader of the Assembly of First Nations, and other Chiefs, were beginning to "use the protests' momentum to press Ottawa on treaty rights and improved living standards".[47] The protest have been noted for creating a stream of polarized debate online, bringing out both supporters and detractors.[48]

January 11, 2013 meeting

Idle No More supporters occupying the grounds of Parliament Hill on January 11

On January 4, 2013, Prime Minister Harper announced a meeting with a delegation of First Nation leaders coordinated by the Assembly of First Nations, to follow up on the issues discussed during the Crown-First Nations Gathering on January 24, 2012. His statement announcing the meeting made no mention of Idle No More.[49] The meeting was held on January 11, 2013.

The preparations were the subject of intense negotiation and debate within the AFN membership, until late in the evening of the eve of the meeting. Some chiefs voted not to participate, choosing to boycott the meeting for various reasons, including demands that more chiefs be included in the AFN delegation, questions over what to include on the meeting's agenda, and the fact that the Governor General would not be present throughout the meeting, and would be limited to a shorter ceremonial meeting after the meeting with Prime Minister Harper.[50]

The day of the meeting, the Idle No More movement organized protests on Parliament Hill (drawing an estimated 3000 demonstrators),[51] and in cities across Canada. Idle No More spokesperson Pam Palmater, who ran against Atleo for the position of National Chief with the AFN, said in a CBC discussion that the diverse positions expressed among the AFN chiefs "doesn't mean good things for the AFN".[52]

The January 11 meeting was attended by National Chief Shawn Atleo and a delegation of chiefs from several provinces and the Yukon, AFN representatives from its Youth Council, Women's Council and Elders Council (Ontario and Manitoba chiefs boycotted the meeting). While it had previously been announced that Harper would only attend portions of the meeting, he attended the entire meeting. The meeting was also attended by Aboriginal Affairs Minister John Duncan, his Parliamentary Secretary Greg Rickford, Cabinet Ministers Tony Clement and Leona Aglukkaq, and senior officials from the Privy Council Office, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, and several other federal departments. The ceremonial meeting with Governor General Johnston was attended by around 100 chiefs, including Chief Theresa Spence.[52]

After the meeting, Aboriginal Affairs Minister John Duncan stated that it would be followed by "high-level dialogue" between Harper and Atleo,[51] including follow-up meetings and more frequent reporting on aboriginal matters by the federal government. Matthew Coon Come, a former AFN National Chief who attended the meeting, stated after the meeting that the "prime minister had moved a couple of posts forward", furthering discussions on treaty process and specific land claims, and that the prime minister indicated a willingness to consult with First Nations on environmental issues and legislative matters that impact aboriginal territories.[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ Aulakh, Raveena. "Chief Theresa Spence's [[hunger strike]] has full backing of Attawapiskat residents". theStar.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  2. ^ Bill C-45 is part of the 41st Canadian Parliament Omnibus bills and is a "second Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on March 29, 2012 and other measures." Bill C-45 was assented to on December 14, 2012.
  3. ^ "History of Idle No More". December 23, 2012.
  4. ^ Fraser, David (December 13, 2012). "Hundreds march in Regina against Bill C-45". Leaderpost.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  5. ^ Beth Hong (October 18, 2012). "Second omnibus budget bill alters Navigable Waters Protection Act". The Vancouver Observer. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  6. ^ "Paving the way for pipelines – industry wins, environment loses, more bad news for Canadians – Ecojustice". Ecojustice.ca. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  7. ^ Den Tandt, Michael (January 6, 2013). "Michael Den Tandt: Canada leaves Aboriginal hopes to incubate in misery". National Post. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  8. ^ Hopper, Tristin (January 5, 2013). "In the beginning: A look at the causes behind Idle No More". National Post. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  9. ^ a b "Idle No More Press Release January 10, 2013". Official Idle No More Website. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  10. ^ Brean, Joseph (January 12, 2013). "Separate and equal nations: The academic theory behind Idle No More". National Post. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  11. ^ Palmater, Pamela (January 4, 2013). "Idle No More: What do we want and where are we headed?". rabble.ca. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  12. ^ Saunders, Doug (January 13, 2013). "What kind of nation is a first nation? We need to decide". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  13. ^ "Idle No More co-founder supports Spence, not blockades". CTV News. January 13, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  14. ^ Land, Lorraine (January 3, 2013), A Legislative Road Map As Idle No More Revs Up, retrieved January 6, 2013 blog writer at the Law partnership, Olthuis Kleer, Townshend
  15. ^ "Idle No More: History of Idle No More". Idlenomore1.blogspot.ca. December 10, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  16. ^ Canadian Press, The (December 16, 2012). "Idle No More: First Nations activist movement grows across Canada". Maclean's. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  17. ^ Canadian Press, The (November 21, 2012). "Pipeline stopped by road block". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ "Assembly of First Nations Supports Call for Meeting Between First Nation and Crown". Afn.ca. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  19. ^ "Government enacted laws which have not met the legal duty to consult and accommodate first nations will not be recognized on first nations reserve and traditional lands" (PDF). The Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations. December 17, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  20. ^ Gordon, Jessica. "Idle No More: Idle No More Is Here To Stay". Idlenomore1.blogspot.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  21. ^ News, CBC (December 17, 2012). "'Idle No More' campaign arrives at downtown Regina mall". CBC. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^ News, CBC (December 18, 2012). "Hundreds take part in 'Idle No More' protest at West Edmonton Mall". CBC. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ Laboucan, Keith (reporter) (December 18, 2012). Driftpile Cree Nation launched Idle No More Alberta highway blockade (News story). Canada: Aboriginal Peoples Television Network.
  24. ^ News, CBC (December 20, 2012). "Idle No More does Round Dance at Saskatoon mall". CBC. Retrieved December 20, 2012. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ a b Groves, Tim (December 27, 2012). "Idle No More map: Events Spreading across Canada and the World". The Media Co-op. Dominion News Cooperative. Retrieved December 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ CTV.ca staff (December 30, 2012). "Trains moving again after Idle No More blockade shuts rail line". CTV.ca. CTV. Retrieved December 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^ a b "Idle No More protesters pack Waterfront Station | CTV British Columbia News". Bc.ctvnews.ca. January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  28. ^ a b c Terry Davidson (December 31, 2012). "Sun News : Idle No More protests goes countrywide". Sunnewsnetwork.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2013. {{cite web}}: Text "Qmi Agency" ignored (help)
  29. ^ Posted: January 5, 2013 12:06 PM ET. "Idle No More targets Canadian travel routes – Canada – CBC News". Cbc.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Idle No More Protest Closes Cornwall Bridge To U.S". Huffingtonpost.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  31. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2013/01/11/idle-no-more-protests.html
  32. ^ nurun.com (December 30, 2012). "Idle No More movement goes international | News | Chatham Daily News". Chathamdailynews.ca. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  33. ^ "Hundreds Attend Native American Protest at MOA « CBS Minnesota". Minnesota.cbslocal.com. December 29, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  34. ^ Regan, Sheila (December 30, 2012). "Idle No More Flash Roundy fills Mall of America rotunda | Twin Cities Daily Planet". Tcdailyplanet.net. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  35. ^ a b "Elated Mohawks Close International Bridge in Idle No More Solidarity". Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  36. ^ "Idle No More Native Rights Movement Spread to Albuquerque and Navajo Nation, NM". Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  37. ^ a b Stechyson, Natalie (January 7, 2013). "Theresa Spence an 'inspiration to all Canadians,' former PM Paul Martin says after meeting with chief". National Post. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  38. ^ "3 prominent Canadians reject Diamond Jubilee medals". January 13, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  39. ^ Calgary Herald (January 3, 2013). "Attawapiskat chief is wrong to blackmail the PM". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  40. ^ "Chief Spence's hunger strike is a desperate plea for answers". The Globe and Mail. December 29, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  41. ^ "A regrettable hunger strike brings about a desirable meeting of the minds". The Globe and Mail. January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  42. ^ "Editorial: Idle No More movement forces a reality check". Edmonton Journal. December 20, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  43. ^ "Expect no quick fixes". Winnipeg Free Press. January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  44. ^ "First Nations leader welcomes meeting with Harper". CBC News. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  45. ^ "Brazeau: Attawapiskat chief's hunger strike doesn't set "good example for young Aboriginal youth"". APTN National News. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  46. ^ Curtis, Christopher, Postmedia News (January 1, 2012). "Idle No More founders distance themselves from chiefs". National Post. Retrieved January 3, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ Bradshaw, John and Shawn McCarthy (January 1, 2012). "Idle No More protests beyond control of chiefs". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  48. ^ Christopher, Curtis (December 29, 2012). "Idle No More sparks polarizing debate". Ottawa Citizen. Postmedia. Retrieved December 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  49. ^ Smith, Joanna (January 4, 2013). "Prime Minister Stephen Harper to meet First Nations leaders Jan. 11". Toronto Star. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  50. ^ "First Nations meeting with PM thrown into disarray". CBC News. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  51. ^ a b "Harper, Atleo to hold 'high-level' talks on aboriginal issues". CTV News. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  52. ^ a b c "Chief Spence to attend meeting with Governor General". CBC News. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Idle No More.

Template:Anti-government protests in the 21st century

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idle_No_More&oldid=536618468"