Movistar Team (men's team)
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| Team information | ||
|---|---|---|
| UCI code | MOV | |
| Registered | Spain | |
| Founded | 1980 | |
| Discipline(s) | Road | |
| Status | UCI ProTeam | |
| Bicycles | Pinarello | |
| Website | Team home page | |
| Key personnel | ||
| General manager | Eusebio Unzué | |
| Team name history | ||
1980–1989 1990–2000 2001–2003 2004–2005 2005 2006 2007–2010 2011– | Reynolds Banesto iBanesto.com Illes Balears-Banesto Illes Balears-Caisse d'Epargne Caisse d'Epargne-Illes Balears Caisse d'Epargne Movistar Team | |
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Movistar Team (UCI team code: MOV) is a professional road bicycle racing team which participates in the UCI ProTour and has achieved twelve general classification (GC) victories in Grand Tours. The title sponsor is the Spanish mobile telephone company Telefónica, with the team riding under the name of the company's brand Movistar.[1]
The team was formed as Reynolds, led by Ángel Arroyo and later by Pedro Delgado, who won a Tour de France and a Vuelta a España, and was subsequently sponsored by Banesto, under which title the team included 5-time Tour de France winner Miguel Indurain and Alex Zülle, twice winner of the Vuelta a España. The team offices are in Egüés, a municipality of Navarre, Spain, in the metropolitan area of Pamplona.[2] A later sponsor was Caisse d'Epargne, a French semi-cooperative banking group.
The team uses Pinarello bikes with Campagnolo parts. Since 2008 Eusebio Unzué has been the manager of the team after the long running manager, José Miguel Echavarri, retired from the sport. Directeurs sportifs of the team include Neil Stephens, Alfonso Galilea and José Luis Jaimerena.
History
Reynolds (1981–1989)
The team began in 1980 as the Reynolds team which José Miguel Echavarri as the directeur sportif.[3] In 1982 signed a young Pedro Delgado who acted as a domestique for team leader Ángel Arroyo during the 1982 Vuelta a España.[4] Arroyo won the Vuelta after his team controlled the race after he took the lead. But 48 hours after his Vuelta win, the results of a positive test were made known for Methylphenidate (Ritalin). Arroyo and the Reynolds team denied that Arroyo doped and asked for a B-analysis which confirmed the positive A-sample. Arroyo became the first winner of the Vuelta a España to be disqualified.[5] Delgado changed teams in 1985 but returned to Reynolds in 1988 where he won the 1988 Tour de France and then the 1989 Vuelta a España with the team. In 1984, Miguel Indurain made his professional debut with the team.
Banesto (1990–2003)
In 1990 Spanish bank Banesto took over as the main sponsor of the team from Reynolds. Delgado was the team leader for the Tour de France while Miguel Indurain and Julián Gorospe were the leaders for the week long stage races. When Gorospe took the lead in that year's Vuelta, the team went behind him in a bid to win the race. However Gorospe lost the leader's jersey and Delgado took over the leadership but could not regain the time that Italian Marco Giovannetti had gained and ended the race second overall behind Giovannetti. Over the following years, Indurain rose to become a dominator of stage races winning five editions of the Tour de France and two editions of the Giro d'Italia. Delgado was the team leader for the Vuelta. The team also achieved success with Jean-François Bernard who won the 1992 edition of Paris–Nice with the team. The team won the Vuelta again in 1998 with Abraham Olano. During this time Alex Zülle joined the team and finished the 1999 Tour de France second overall while legendary climber José María Jiménez performed in the Vuelta a España. The team became known as iBanesto.com in the final years of the sponsorship of the Banesto bank.
Illes Balears (2004–2005)
In 2004 Illes Balears, the Balearic Island's Tourism Board, became the team's principal sponsor, the team's name was Illes Balears-Banesto until 2005. Caisse d'Epargne took over from Banesto as the second sponsor in the 2005 season, the team was then known as Illes Balears-Caisse d'Epargne. Caisse d'Epargne then became the main sponsor in 2006 reversing the title sponsor ordering with the name, Caisse d'Epargne-Illes Balears.
The team fielded a number of strong contenders in the 2005 Tour de France including Francisco Mancebo (former National Champion of Spain), Alejandro Valverde, Vladimir Karpets and sprinter Isaac Gálvez. Mancebo produced the best results finishing fourth overall in the General Classification.
Caisse d'Epargne (2006–2010)
Caisse d'Epargne-Illes Balears finished fifth overall (56 minutes, 53 seconds behind Team T-Mobile) in the Team Classification at the 2006 Tour de France. Individually, the team's top rider, Óscar Pereiro, finished in second place. The Tour victory of Phonak rider Floyd Landis was almost immediately called into question, after a urine sample taken after his Stage 17 win twice tested positive for banned synthetic testosterone as well as a ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone nearly three times the limit allowed by World Anti-Doping Agency rules.[6]
After hearing of the positive "A" test, Pereiro stated that it was only an initial, unconfirmed result and he would not yet consider Landis guilty or himself the Tour winner. "I have too much respect for Landis to do otherwise", he said.[7] After hearing that the Landis "B" test also came back positive, Pereiro stated that he now considers himself Tour champion and the Landis scandal should not diminish his own achievement. "Right now I feel like the winner of the Tour de France", Pereiro said. "It's a victory for the whole team."[8] After nearly two years of appeals, Pereiro was officially upgraded to Tour champion for 2006.[9]
Team roster
- As of 1 January 2013.[10]
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Major results
- 1981
- 1st
Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José Luis Laguía - 1st Overall Vuelta a Burgos, José Luis Laguía
- 1982
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Burgos, José Luis Laguía
- 1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country, José Luis Laguía
- 1st
Spain Road Race Championships, José Luis Laguía - 1st Stages 6, 9 & 11 Vuelta a España, José Luis Laguía
- 1st Stage 8 Vuelta a España, Jesús Hernández
- 1st Stage 15 Vuelta a España, Ángel Arroyo
- 1st Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José Luis Laguía
- 1983
- 1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country, Julián Gorospe
- 1st Spain Road Race Championships, Carlos Hernández
- 1st Stage 15 Tour de France, Ángel Arroyo
- 1st Stage 14 Vuelta a España, Carlos Hernández
- 1st Stage 16 Vuelta a España, José Luis Laguía
- 1st Stage 18 Vuelta a España, Jesús Hernández
- 1st Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José Luis Laguía
- 1984
- 1st Stage 19 Tour de France, Ángel Arroyo
- 1st Vuelta a España – 2 stages
- 1st Vuelta a Andalucía, Julián Gorospe
- 1985
- 1st Stage 15 Tour de France, Eduardo Chozas
- 1st Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José Luis Laguía
- 1986
- 1st Vuelta a Murcia, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Tour de l'Avenir, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Stage 19 Tour de France, Julián Gorospe
- 1st Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José Luis Laguía
- 1988
- 1st
OverallTour de France, Pedro Delgado - 1st Stage 13, Pedro Delgado
- 1st Volta a Catalunya, Miguel Indurain
- 1989
- 1st Overall Paris–Nice, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Overall Critérium International, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Stage 19 Tour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1st
Overall Vuelta a España GC, Pedro Delgado
- 1990
- 1st Overall Paris–Nice, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Tour of the Basque Country – Julián Gorospe
- 1st Overall Clásica de San Sebastián, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Stage 16 Tour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1991
- 1st Volta a Catalunya, Miguel Indurain
- 1st OverallTour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Team Classification
- 1st Stage 8, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Stage 21, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Team Classification
- 1992
- 1st Paris–Nice, Jean-François Bernard
- 1st Critérium International, Jean-François Bernard
- 1st Volta a Catalunya – Miguel Indurain
- 1st
Overall Giro d'Italia GC, Miguel Indurain - 1st Overall Tour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Prologue, Stage 9 & 19, Miguel Indurain
- 1993
- 1st Overall Giro d'Italia GC, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Overall Tour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Prologue & Stage 9, Miguel Indurain
- 1994
- 1st
Overall Tour de France, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Stage 9, Miguel Indurain
- 1st Vuelta a España Team Classification
- 1995
- 1st
Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Miguel Indurain - 1st Overall Tour de France
- 1st Stage 8 & 19, Miguel Indurain
- 1996
- 1st Dauphiné Libéré, Miguel Indurain
- 1997
- 1st Stage 20 Tour de France, Abraham Olano
- 1st
Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, José María Jiménez
- 1998
- 1st Overall Dauphiné Libéré, Armand de Las Cuevas
- 1st Overall Vuelta a España, Abraham Olano
- 1st Mountains Classification, José María Jiménez
- 1st Team Classification
- 1st
- 1999
- 1st Volta a Catalunya – Manuel Beltrán
- 1st Tour de France Team Classification
- 1st Mountains ClassificationVuelta a España, José María Jiménez
- 1st Team Classification
- 1st Team Classification
- 2000
- 1st Volta a Catalunya – José María Jiménez
- 1st
Young Rider Classification Tour de France, Francisco Mancebo
- 1st Stage 18, José Vicente García
- 2001
- 1st
Points Classification Vuelta a España, José María Jiménez
- 1st Mountains Classification, José María Jiménez
- 1st Team Classification
- 1st
- 2002
- 1st Tour of the Basque Country, Aitor Osa
- 1st Vuelta a España Mountains Classification, Aitor Osa
- 2003
- 1st
Young Rider Classification Tour de France, Denis Menchov
- 1st Stage 18, Pablo Lastras
- 1st Vuelta a España Team Classification
- 2004
- 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a la Comunitat Valenciana, Antonio Colom
- 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Murcia, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Stage 6 Paris-Nice, Denis Menchov
- 1st Stage 3 Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme, Isaac Gálvez
- 1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country, Denis Menchov
- 1st Stage 4, Denis Menchov
- 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Aragon, Denis Menchov
- 1st Overall Vuelta a la Rioja, Vladimir Karpets
- 1st Vuelta a Castilla y Leon Stage 1, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1stVuelta a Castilla y Leon Stage 2, Team Time Trial
- 1st Stage 6 Deutschland-Tour - Francisco Mancebo
- 1st Stage 1 Volta a Catalunya, Team Time Trial
- 1st Stage 7 Volta a Catalunya, Isaac Gálvez
1st 
Spain Road Race Championships — Francisco Mancebo
- 1st Spain Time Trial Championships — José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Tour de France Young Rider Classification, Vladimir Karpets
- 1st
Overall Vuelta a España, Francisco Mancebo
- 1st Stage 5, Denis Menchov
- 2005
- 1st Trofeo Manacor, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Trofeo Soller, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Trofeo Calvià, Antonio Colom
- 1st Clasica de Almeria, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Stage 3 Paris-Nice, Vicente Reynes
- 1st Stage 7 Paris-Nice, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 1 Critérium International - Isaac Gálvez
- 1st Stages 3 & 4 Tour of the Basque Country, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 8 Tour de Suisse, Pablo Lastras
- 1st Spain Time Trial Championships, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Stage 10 Tour de France, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Clasica a los Puertos, Xabier Zandio
- 1st Stage 10 Vuelta a España, Francisco Mancebo
- 2006
- 1st Trofeo Mallorca, Isaac Gálvez
- 1st Trofeo Alcudia, Isaac Gálvez
- 1st Stage 2 Tour Méditerranéen, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana, Antonio Colom
- 1st Stage 4, Antonio Colom
- 1st Clasica de Almeria, Francisco Pérez
- 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Murcia, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Murcia, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Stage 5 Paris-Nice, Joaquin Rodriguez
- 1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Castilla y Leon, José Vicente García
- 1st Stage 4 Vuelta a Castilla y Leon, Marco Fertonani
- 1st Stage 1 Tour of the Basque Country, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Flèche Wallonne, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Liège-Bastogne-Liège, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a la Rioja, Alexei Markov
- 1st Stage 4 Tour de Romandie, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 5 Four Days of Dunkirk, Isaac Gálvez
- 1st Stage 12 Giro d'Italia, Joan Horrach
- 1st Stage 5 Volta a Catalunya, David Arroyo
- 1st
France Road Race Championships, Florent Brard - 1st Overall Tour de France, Óscar Pereiro
- 1st Stages 3 & 5 Vuelta a Burgos, José Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Stage 7 Vuelta a España, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st UCI ProTour GC, Alejandro Valverde
- 2nd Overall Tour of the Basque Country, Alejandro Valverde
- 2nd Overall Vuelta a España, Alejandro Valverde
- 3rd Overall Paris-Nice, Antonio Colom
- 3rd Overall Tour de Romandie, Alejandro Valverde
- 3rd
Road Race World Championships, Alejandro Valverde
- 2007
- 1st Paris–Nice Team Classification
- 1st Stage 6 – Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Tour de Suisse Team Classification
- 1st Trofeo Cala Millor-Cala Bona, Vicente Reynès
- 1st Stage 1 Tour Méditerranéen, T.T.T. (Florent Brard, Vladimir Efimkin, Imanol Erviti, Marco Fertonani, José Vicente García, Iván Gutiérrez, Alexei Markov, Aitor Pérez)
- 1st Vuelta a Mallorca, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Overall Volta a Catalunya, Vladimir Karpets
- 1st Stage 1, Team Time Trial
- 1st Overall Tour de Suisse GC, Vladimir Karpets
- 1st Overall Eneco Tour, Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Vuelta a España Team Classification
- 2008
- 1st Trofeo Pollença, José Joaquín Rojas
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Andalucía, Pablo Lastras
- 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a la Comunitat Valenciana, Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Murcia, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 4, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 3 Tirreno–Adriatico, Joaquin Rodríguez
- 1st Stage 7 Paris-Nice, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Paris-Camembert, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 1 Euskal Bizikleta, Daniel Moreno
- 1st Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stages 1 & 3, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Spain Road Race Championships, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Spain Time Trial Championships, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 1 Tour de France, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 7 Tour de France, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia, Vladimir Karpets
- 1st Clásica de San Sebastián, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Subida Urkiola, David Arroyo
- 1st Overall Eneco Tour, Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Prologue, Iván Gutiérrez
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Burgos, Xabier Zandio
- 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a España, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 18 Vuelta a España, Imanol Erviti
- 1st Stage 19 Vuelta a España, David Arroyo
- 2nd Overall Volta a Catalunya, Rigoberto Urán
- 3rd Giro di Lombardia, Rigoberto Urán
- 3rd Amstel Gold Race, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall UCI ProTour, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Team Classification
- 1st
- 2009
- 1st Overall Tour Méditerranéen, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 2, Team Time Trial
- Stage 2 Tour Méditerranéen – T.T.T.
- 1st Stage 1 Tour du Haut Var, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Overall Paris–Nice, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 7, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 4 Tirreno–Adriatico, Joaquim Rodríguez
- 1st Stages 3 & 5 Vuelta a Castilla y León, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 1 Tour of the Basque Country, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Klasika Primavera, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall Four Days of Dunkirk, Rui Costa
- 1st Overall Volta a Catalunya, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 3, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 8 Tour de France, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Burgos, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 2, Joaquim Rodríguez
- 1st Stage 2 Tour de l'Ain, José Joaquin Rojas
- 1st Overall Tour du Limousin, Mathieu Perget
- 1st Stage 3, David Arroyo
- 1st Overall Vuelta a España, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 3 Vuelta Chihuahua Internacional, Rui Costa
- 1st Stage 4 Vuelta Chihuahua Internacional, Daniel Moreno
- 2nd Liège-Bastogne-Liège, Joaquim Rodríguez
- 3rd UCI Road World Championships, Joaquim Rodríguez
- 2010
- 1st Stage 5 Tour Down Under, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Trofeo Deia, Rui Costa
- 1st Stage 5 Volta ao Algarve, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Overall Circuit de la Sarthe, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 1, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 8 Tour de Suisse, Rui Costa
- 1st Spain Road Race Championships, José Ivan Gutierrez
- 1st Spain Time Trial Championships, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st
Portugal Time Trial Championships, Rui Costa - 1st Clásica de San Sebastián, Luis León Sánchez
- 1st Stage 9 Vuelta a España, David López García
- 1st Stage 10 Vuelta a España, Imanol Erviti
- 2nd Overall Tour Down Under, Luis León Sánchez
- 2nd Overall Paris-Nice, Luis León Sánchez
- 2nd Overall Giro d'Italia, David Arroyo
- 3rd Giro di Lombardia, Pablo Lastras
Major victories
- 2011
- 1st Stage 5 Tour Down Under, Francisco Jose Ventoso
- 1st Stage 6 Volta a Catalunya, José Joaquin Rojas
- 1st Stage 2 Tour of the Basque Country, Vasil Kiryienka
- 1st Stage 6 Giro d'Italia, José Joaquin Rojas
- 1st Stage 20 Giro d'Italia, Vasil Kiryienka
- 1st Stage 2 Tour de Suisse, Mauricio Soler
- 1st Spanish Championships Road Race, José Joaquin Rojas
- 1st Stage 8 Tour de France, Rui Costa
- 1st Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal, Rui Costa
- 2012
- 1st Spain Road Race Championships, Francisco Ventoso
- 1st
Belarus Time Trial Championships, Branislau Samoilau - 1st Stage 5 Tour Down Under, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Andalucía, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 2, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Murcia, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Stage 1, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Stage 3 Paris–Nice, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 1 Tour of the Basque Country, José Joaquín Rojas
- 1st Stage 4 Circuit de la Sarthe, Francisco Ventoso
- 1st Klasika Primavera, Giovanni Visconti
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Castilla y León, Javier Moreno
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Asturias, Beñat Intxausti
- 1st Stage 2a, Jesús Herrada
- 1st Stage 1 (ITT) Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid, Jonathan Castroviejo
- 1st Stage 9 Giro d'Italia, Francisco Ventoso
- 1st Stage 14 Giro d'Italia, Andrey Amador
- 1st Stage 6 Critérium du Dauphiné, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Overall Tour de Suisse, Rui Costa
- 1st Stage 2, Rui Costa
- 1st Overall Route du Sud, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Stage 3, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Stage 17 Tour de France, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Circuito de Getxo, Giovanni Visconti
- Vuelta a España
- 1st Stage 1, Team Time Trial
- 1st Stages 3 & 8, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Points classification, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Combination classification, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Team classification
- 1st Stage 5 Tour du Poitou-Charentes, Francisco Ventoso
- 1st Giro dell'Emilia, Nairo Quintana
- 2013
- 1st Trofeo Serra de Tramuntana, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Andalucía, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Prologue & Stage 3, Alejandro Valverde
- 1st Stage 3 Volta a Catalunya, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Overall Tour of the Basque Country, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Stage 4, Nairo Quintana
- 1st Klasika Primavera, Rui Costa
- 1st Overall Vuelta a Castilla y León, Rubén Plaza
- 1st Stage 3, Rubén Plaza
- 1st Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid, Javier Moreno
- 1st Stage 8 (ITT) Giro d'Italia, Alex Dowsett
- 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Asturias, Javier Moreno
- 1st Stages 15 & 17 Giro d'Italia, Giovanni Visconti
- 1st Stages 16 Giro d'Italia, Beñat Intxausti
National Championships
- 1982
Spain Road Race José Luis Laguía
- 1983
- SpainRoad Race Carlos Hernández
- 2006
France Road Race Florent Brard
- 2007
- Spain Road Race Joaquim Rodríguez
- Spain Time Trial Jose Ivan Gutierrez
- 2008
- Spain Road Race Alejandro Valverde
- Spain Time Trial Luis León Sanchez
- 2010
- Spain Road Race Jose Ivan Gutierrez
- Spain Time Trial Luis León Sanchez
Portugal Time Trial Rui Costa
- 2011
- Spain Road Race Jose Joaquin Rojas
- 2012
- Spain Road Race Francisco Ventoso
Belarus Time Trial Branislau Samoilau
See also
References
- ^ "Telefonica to take over as Caisse d'Epargne sponsor from 2011 - Cyclingnews.com". Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ "2009 Riders and teams Database — Cyclingnews.com". Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ^ "Reynolds 1980". de wielersite.nl. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
- ^ "Biography of Pedro Delgado". Pedro Delgado.com. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
- ^ "1982 General Information". La Vuelta.com. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
- ^ Macur, Juliet (2006-08-05). "Backup Sample on Landis Is Positive". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- ^ "Pereiro cautious about Landis case". SportsIllustrated.com. 2006-07-27.
- ^ "I am the Tour champion – Pereiro". BBC Sport. 2006-08-05.
- ^ http://www.bicycling.com/tourdefrance/article/0,6802,s1-7-123-17423-1,00.html
- ^ "Movistar Team (MOV) - ESP". UCI World Tour. Union Cycliste Internationale. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
External links
