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Irshad Manji

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Irshad Manji
Irshad Manji, 2007
Irshad Manji, 2007
Born1968 (age 55–56)
Uganda
NationalityCanadian
Literary movementQuranist Islam
Notable worksAllah, Liberty and Love, The Trouble with Islam Today, Faith Without Fear
Notable awardsHonorary Doctorate, University of Puget Sound, 2008, World Economic Forum "Young Global Leader", New York Society for Ethical Culture's Ethical Humanist Award
Website
http://www.irshadmanji.com/
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Irshad Manji; (born 1968) is a Canadian author, professor and advocate of a "reform and progressive" interpretation of Islam. Manji is the founder and director of the Moral Courage Project at the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University, which aims to teach young leaders to "challenge political correctness, intellectual conformity and self-censorship."[1]

In April 2013, the project's YouTube Channel, Moral Courage TV was launched by Manji and professor/activist Cornel West. [2] West spoke of Manji's work as a "powerful force for good." [3] Manji is also founder and president of Project Ijtihad, a charitable organization that has innovated a 24/7 service to help people, especially young Muslims who are struggling with faith. [4] Known as the "Guidance Team", their advice is free of charge and available in multiple languages.

Manji is a well-known critic of traditional mainstream Islam and was described by The New York Times as "Osama bin Laden's worst nightmare".[5]

Manji's most recent book, Allah, Liberty and Love was released in June 2011 in the US, Canada and other countries. On Manji's website, the book is described: "Allah, Liberty and Love shows all of us how to reconcile faith and freedom in a world seething with repressive dogmas. Manji’s key teaching is "moral courage," the willingness to speak up when everyone else wants to shut you up. This book is the ultimate guide to becoming a gutsy global citizen."[6]

Manji's previous book, The Trouble with Islam Today (initially published as Trouble with Islam), has been published in more than 30 languages, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Malay and Indonesian.[7] She was troubled by how Islam is practised today and by the Arab influence on Islam that took away women's individuality and introduced the concept of group honour.[8] Manji has produced a PBS documentary, "Faith Without Fear", chronicling her attempt to "reconcile her faith in Allah with her love of freedom".[9] The documentary was nominated for a 2008 Emmy Award. As a journalist, her articles have appeared in many publications, and she has addressed audiences ranging from Amnesty International to the United Nations Press Corps to the Democratic Muslims in Denmark to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. She has appeared on television networks around the world, including Al Jazeera, the CBC, BBC, MSNBC, C-SPAN, CNN, PBS, the Fox News Channel, CBS, and HBO.[10]

Early life and education

Manji was born near Kampala, Uganda in 1968 and she is of mixed descent.[11][12][13] Her family moved to Canada when she was four, as a result of Idi Amin's expulsion of Asians. She and her family settled near Vancouver in Richmond, British Columbia in 1972, and she grew up attending both a secular and an Islamic religious school. Manji excelled in the secular environment but, by her own account, was expelled from her religious school for asking too many questions. For the next twenty years, she studied Islam via public libraries and Arabic tutors. Manji earned an honours degree in the history of ideas from the University of British Columbia. In 1990, she won the Governor General's Medal for top humanities graduate.

Career

Manji worked as a legislative aide in the Canadian parliament, press secretary in the Ontario government, and speechwriter for the leader of the New Democratic Party. At age 24, she became the national affairs editorialist for the Ottawa Citizen and thus the youngest member of an editorial board for any Canadian daily. She was also a columnist for Ottawa's new LGBT newspaper Capital Xtra!.[14] and wrote a regular feature for Canada's The Globe and Mail newspaper.

Manji has since hosted or produced several public affairs programs on television, one of which won the Gemini, Canada's top broadcasting prize. She participated in a regular segment on TVOntario's Studio 2 in the mid-1990s, representing liberal views in debates with conservative journalist Michael Coren. She later produced and hosted QT: QueerTelevision for the Toronto based Citytv in the late 1990s. Among the program's coverage of local and national LGBT issues, she also produced stories on the lives of gay people in the Muslim world. When she left the show, Manji donated the set's giant Q to the Pride Library at the University of Western Ontario.[6][15]

In 2002, she became writer-in-residence at the University of Toronto's Hart House, from where she began writing The Trouble with Islam Today. Manji founded Project Ijtihad, an initiative to renew Islam's own tradition of critical thinking, debate and dissent. From 2005 to 2006, she was a visiting fellow with the International Security Studies program[16] at Yale University. She is currently a senior fellow with the European Foundation for Democracy in Brussels.[17] In January 2008, Manji joined New York University’s Wagner School of Public Service to spearhead the Moral Courage Project, an initiative to help young people speak truth to power within their own communities.[18]

Manji has received numerous death threats.[19][20] In a CNN interview, Manji stated that the windows of her apartment are fitted with bullet-proof glass, primarily for the protection of her family.[21] At her December 2011 book launch in Amsterdam "Muslim extremists stormed in" and ordered her execution.[22]

As a writer, Manji's columns have appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Times of London, and both the English and Arabic websites of Al Arabiya. In June 2013, she debated Islamic reform with British writer Mehdi Hasan on Al-Jazeera International. The video has been viewed hundreds of thousands of times. [23]

Personal life

Manji is openly lesbian.[5][24] She was in a relationship with activist Michelle Douglas for several years in the early 2000s,[25] although they have since broken up.

But she expresses disdain for the politics of identity. In an interview with MSNBC's Melissa Harris-Perry, Manji describes herself as a "misfit in every category".[26] She encourages her audience to "challenge conformity within our own tribes – be they religious, cultural, ideological, or professional – and to do so for a more universal good."[27]

"Muslim refusenik"

"Muslim refusenik" is a phrase Manji has used to identify herself as someone who refuses to "join an army of robots in the name of God."[28] "Refusenik" is an English-Russian portmanteau word first used for Russian Jews refused permission to emigrate,[29] and then for Israeli conscientious objectors who refuse to do army service on the West Bank.

According to Geneive Abdo, "Muslim Zionist" is a label which Manji "would no doubt accept".[30] Manji claims to be a Muslim pluralist.[31] In her 2011 book, Allah, Liberty and Love, she writes about the "occupations of both Israeli soldiers and Arab oligarchs,"[32] asserting that each occupation needs to be fought nonviolently. In a recent column for Globe and Mail, she applauded young Palestinians who issued the Gaza Youth Manifesto for Change, which calls for freedom and warns that "we are sick and tired of living a shitty life, being kept in jail by Israel [and] beaten up by Hamas...There is a revolution growing inside of us..."[33]

The Trouble with Islam Today

Main article: The Trouble with Islam Today

Manji's book The Trouble with Islam Today was published by St. Martin's Press in 2004. It has since been translated into more than 30 languages. Manji offers several translations of the book (namely, those in the Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Malay and Indonesian languages) available for free-of-charge download on her website. The book has been met with both praise and scorn from both Muslim and non-Muslim sources. Several reviewers have called the book "courageous"[34] or "long overdue"[35] while others have accused it of disproportionately targeting Muslims[36] or lacking thorough scholarship.[37]

In the book, Manji says that Arabs have made a mistake by denying that Jews have a historical bond with Palestine. Manji writes that the Jews' historical roots stretch back to the land of Israel, and that they have a right to a Jewish state. She further argues that the allegation of apartheid in Israel is deeply misleading, noting that there are in Israel several Arab political parties, that Arab-Muslim legislators have veto powers, and that Arab parties have overturned disqualifications. She also writes that Israel has a free Arab press, that road signs bear Arabic translations, and that Arabs live and study alongside Jews.[38]

However, Manji also condemns Israel's occupation of Gaza and the West Bank, voicing her opposition to "illegal Jewish settlements, assault helicopters, checkpoints [and] curfews..."[39] "Day in and day out," she writes of Palestinians, "they witness what I've only glimpsed: young Israeli women and men with guns strapped to their chests. Miles of dusty road to tread between checkpoints. Brusque soldiers who won't utter a word of Arabic, even if they know how. ID cards, razor wire, armored tanks, sprawling Jewish settlements that look like suburbs and would take years to dismantle, delaying Justice for Palestinians that much longer."[40]

Tarek Fatah, a fellow Canadian Muslim who originally criticized The Trouble With Islam,[41] reversed his stance saying that Manji was "right about the systematic racism in the Muslim world" and that "there were many redeeming points in her memoir".[42]

Allah, Liberty and Love

Since publishing The Trouble with Islam Today, Manji has taken an aspirational approach to issues of reform. In her 2011 book Allah, Liberty and Love,[43] she invites Muslims and non-Muslims to transcend the fears that stop many from living with integrity: the fear of offending others in a multicultural world as well as the fear of questioning their own communities. Although Manji asserts that change must start from within, [44] she emphasizes that all human beings have the right to contribute to reform in any community. Drawing extensively on the Qur'an, Manji describes a universal God that loves us enough to give us choices and the capacity to make them.

Among the questions Manji asks are: What prevents young Muslims, even in the West, from going public with their need for religious interpretation? What scares non-Muslims about openly supporting liberal voices within Islam? How did we get into the mess of tolerating customs, such as honor killings, and how do we find our way out? How can people abandon dogma while keeping faith?

Allah, Liberty and Love has been endorsed by Muslims such as Time Magazine's Fareed Zakaria and Keith Ellison, the first Muslim elected to the U.S Congress. However the book has also generated criticism for skimming the surface of reform.

Omar Sultan Haque, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard in Psychology, argues that although Manji's book is important in raising consciousness, it "fails to grapple with some of the more substantial questions that would make [a liberal and open] future [of Islamic Interpretation] a reality."[45] He declares Manji's solutions "much too glossy and slick"[45] as they do not "allow one to see places of ambiguity in factual and ethical claims within the liberal Islamic tradition that need further attention."[45] Haque further asserts that many of Manji's solutions suggest that the Koran is all one needs to practice Islam, and that traditional law and commentary are "optional and accidental."[45] Similarly, Rayyan Al-Shawaf, a Beirut-based writer, argues that Manji promotes ijtihad while overlooking that "ijtihad is a sword that cuts both ways."[46] He also laments Manji's focus "on how liberal Muslims could reinterpret the Koran as opposed to how they might set legal limits on its socio-politico-economic influence."[46]

Controversy surrounded the international launch of "Allah, Liberty and Love". During her world tour, police cut short her talk in Jakarta due to pressure from one of Indonesia's fundamentalist groups, the Islamic Defenders Front.[47] A few days later, hundreds of men from the Indonesian Mujahedeen Council assaulted Manji's team and supporters in Yogyakarta. Dozens were beaten and many had to be treated in hospital.[48]

Shortly afterwards, the government of Malaysia banned "Allah, Liberty and Love".[49] But in September 2013, a High Court in Kuala Lumpur struck down the ban. [50]

Awards

The Jakarta Post has named Manji one of 3 women making a positive change in Islam today.[51] Manji was awarded Oprah Winfrey's first annual Chutzpah Award for "audacity, nerve, boldness and conviction."[52] Ms. Magazine named her a "Feminist for the 21st Century,"[53] and Immigration Equality gave her its Global Vision Prize.[54] In 2006, The World Economic Forum selected her as a Young Global Leader.[55] She has also been named a Muslim Leader of Tomorrow by the American Society for Muslim Advancement.[56] In May 2008, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Puget Sound[57] and in November 2012, received the New York Society for Ethical Culture's highest honor, The Ethical Humanist Award.[58]

Works

Books
  • Risking Utopia: On the edge of a new democracy, 1997, ISBN 1-55054-434-9
  • The Trouble With Islam: A Wake-up Call For Honesty and Change[59] First edition, Random House Canada – 16 Sep 2003 ISBN 0-679-31250-1
  • The Trouble with Islam Today, 2004, ISBN 1-84018-837-5
  • The Trouble with Islam Today: A Muslim's Call for Reform in Her Faith, 2005, ISBN 0-312-32700-5
  • Allah, Liberty and Love: The Courage to Reconcile Faith and Freedom [60] First edition, Free Press – June 2011, ISBN 1-4516-4520-1, ISBN 978-1-4516-4520-0
Film
  • Manji's PBS documentary, Faith without Fear, follows her journey to reconcile faith and freedom. Released in 2007, the film depicts the personal risks Manji has faced as a Muslim reformer. She explores Islamism in Yemen, Europe and North America, as well as histories of Islamic critical thinking in Spain and elsewhere.[61] In 2007, it was a finalist for the National Film Board of Canada's Gemini Award.[62] In 2008, Faith Without Fear was nominated for an Emmy, the highest distinction in U.S Television. That same year, it won Gold at the New York Television Festival. Faith Without Fear also launched the 2008 Muslim Film Festival organized by the American Islamic Congress.[63]

See also

References

  1. ^ Irshad Manji
  2. ^ "What Do You Stand For? An Evening of Moral Courage with Irshad Manji and Dr. Cornel West". Limité Magazine. Retrieved 1 October 2013. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  3. ^ "Cornel West and Irshad Manji at NYU Reynolds on 4/16/2013". NYU Reynolds Program in Social Entrepreneurship. Retrieved 1 October 2013. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  4. ^ Manji, Irshad. "Guidance Team Page". Irshad Manji. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  5. ^ a b Krauss, Clifford (4 October 2003). "An Unlikely Promoter of an Islamic Reformation". nytimes.com. Retrieved 11 July 2006.
  6. ^ a b Irshad Manji's Official Website
  7. ^ Irshad Manji blog and official website » the-book
  8. ^ "Women Rising IV: Women as Religious Activists (Encore)" Making Contact, produced by National Radio Project. 8 April 2009.
  9. ^ America at a Crossroads. Faith without Fear | PBS
  10. ^ YouTube – IrshadManjiTV's Channel
  11. ^ "The Missionary Position". The Nation. 1 June 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  12. ^ [1][dead link]
  13. ^ YouTube – Irshad Manji on Imran Siddiqui's VOA TV (Pakistan)- Part 2
  14. ^ Dale Smith, "Looking back on issue #1 of Capital Xtra!. Capital Xtra!, 11 February 2009.
  15. ^ Irshad's Myspace Page.
  16. ^ freeSpeech: Irshad Manji 18 September 2006
  17. ^ Who We Are
  18. ^ Irshad Manji blog and official website » moral-courage-project
  19. ^ [2][dead link]
  20. ^ Irshad Manji blog and official website » Memo to YouTube: Don't censor death threats
  21. ^ Glenn Beck. 13 February 2007. CNN. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |episodelink= and |serieslink= (help)
  22. ^ Muslim extremists storm Irshad's book launch in Amsterdam, Richard Dawkins Foundation, 24 January 2012, retrieved 7 March 2012, [3]
  23. ^ "Irshad Manji head to head with Mehdi Hasan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 October 2013. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  24. ^ A Muslim calls for reform by Matthew Kalman, The San Francisco Chronicle
  25. ^ "A Talking Contradiction". Ryerson Review of Journalism, March 2003.
  26. ^ Harris-Perry, Melissa. "Identity Politics". MSNBC. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  27. ^ Manji, Irshad (2011). Allah, Liberty and Love: The Courage to Reconcile Faith and Freedom. New York: Free Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4516-4520-0.
  28. ^ [World: 'Muslim Refusenik' Irshad Manji Urges Thoughtful Piety] – [Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty © 2008]
  29. ^ "refusenik". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  30. ^ Mecca and Main Street: Muslim life in America after 9/11. Geneive Abdo, Oxford University Press, 2006. p. 121
  31. ^ "Irshad Manji on LIBERTY". YouTube. 25 April 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  32. ^ Irshad Manji, Free Press, 2011. p.110
  33. ^ Manji, Irshad (4 February 2011). "There's a light in the Palestinian darkness – The Globe and Mail". The Globe and Mail. Toronto.
  34. ^ Calling all believers to a conversation on Islam-Book Mark-Sunday Specials-Opinion-The Times of India
  35. ^ The Trouble with Islam 25 January 2004. Book review of "The Trouble with Islam".
  36. ^ Debate with As'ad AbuKhalil at Democracy Now.
  37. ^ The Only Good Muslim is the Anti-Muslim by M. Junaid Levesque-Alam
  38. ^ Manji, Irshad. The Trouble with Islam Today: A Muslim's Call for Reform in Her Faith. St. Martin's Griffin, 2005, pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-312-32699-8
  39. ^ Manji, Irshad (2003). The Trouble With Islam Today: A Muslim's Call for Reform in Her Faith. New York: St Martin's Griffin. p. 87. ISBN 0-312-32700-5.
  40. ^ Manji, Irshad (2003). The Trouble With Islam Today: A Muslim's Call for Reform in Her Faith. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 92. ISBN 0-312-32700-5.
  41. ^ Thanks, but No Thanks: Irshad Manji's Book Is for Muslim Haters, Not Muslims 27 November 2003
  42. ^ TheSpec.com – Opinions – Canada's a centre for Islamic reform
  43. ^ "Charlie Rose: `Allah, Liberty and Love'". Businessweek. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  44. ^ Siddharth, Gautam (2 January 2012). "Changing Times". The Times of India.
  45. ^ a b c d Haque, Omar Sultan (15 March 2012). "What Is Islamic Enlightenment?". The New Republic.
  46. ^ a b Al-Shawaf, Rayyan (25 June 2011). "Author's 'Allah' implores Muslims to Think Freely". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  47. ^ "Indonesian Hardline Group Urges Govt to Deport Liberal Canadian Muslim Activist". Jakarta Globe. 5 May 2012.
  48. ^ "Irshad Manji injured in mob attack in Yogya". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  49. ^ "Home Ministry bans Irshad Manji's book". The Star. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  50. ^ Jong, Rita (5 September 2013). "Ban on Irshad Manji's book lifted". The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  51. ^ "America at a Crossroads". pbs.org. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  52. ^ The Chutzpah Awards
  53. ^ Sept/Oct 1997 issue of Ms, p. 104
  54. ^ 2007 Annual Benefit, New York City
  55. ^ The Forum of Young Global Leaders
  56. ^ Muslim Leaders of Tomorrow
  57. ^ [4][dead link]
  58. ^ "Irshad Manji Ethical Humanist Award 2012". nysec.org. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  59. ^ "Books@Random: Online Catalog". Randomhouse.ca. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  60. ^ "Allah, Liberty and Love | Book by Irshad Manji – Simon & Schuster". Books.simonandschuster.com. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  61. ^ Irshad Manji calls on her fellow Muslims to reform
  62. ^ NFB – About the NFB| 2007 Gemini Awards
  63. ^ 2008Muslim Film Festival – Think-Different Women
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