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Short-track speed skating

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Short track speed skating
500 meters short track heat at the 2004 World Cup in Saguenay
Highest governing bodyInternational Skating Union
Characteristics
Mixed-sexYes
EquipmentThe equipment for Short Track Speed Skating is a helmet and ice skates.
Presence
Olympic1988 (demonstration)
1992 - present

Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a circumference of 111.12 m. The rink itself is 60 m by 30 m, which is the same size as an international-sized ice hockey rink.

History

Skaters at the starting line.

Short track speed skating originated in the speed skating events held with mass starts. This form of speed skating was mainly practiced in the United States and Canada, as opposed to the international form, where skaters skated in pairs. At the 1932 Winter Olympics, speed skating events were conducted in the mass start form. Competitions in North America were also held indoors, for example in Madison Square Garden, New York, and therefore on shorter tracks than usual for outdoor skating.

In 1967, the International Skating Union adopted short track speed skating, although it did not organize international competitions until 1976. World Championships have been held since 1981 (though events held in 1976-1980 under different names later received the status of World Championships). After several changes in the name of the competition (last time in 1989), the event is now held annually as the World Short Track Speed Skating Championships.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics, held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, short track was a demonstration sport. It was upgraded to a full Olympic sport in 1992 and has been part of the Winter Olympics since. The programme was expanded from four events in 1992 to eight in 2002. The events are the same for both men and women: 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 3000m, and the relay (5000 m (men)/3000 m (women)).

Rules

There are several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified (DQ) from a race, and having their time rendered invalid.[citation needed]

  • Impeding (DQI): Pushing, blocking, or otherwise causing an impediment for another skater
  • Off track (DQO): Skating outside the designated track
  • Team skating(?): Conspiring with members from the same country, club, or other individual skaters to determine the race result. For example, forming a wall to impede passing. These infractions are rarely called as it is difficult to prove.
  • Assistance (?): Giving physical assistance to another skater. For example: pushing a teammate from behind for an extra boost, or allowing a teammate to lean on another for stability in corners
  • Shooting the line or Kicking out (DQK): Driving the foot in lead ahead to reach the finish faster, resulting in the lead foot lifting off the ice and creating a dangerous situation for others
  • Unsportsmanlike conduct (DQU): Acting in a manner not befitting an athlete or a role model. Including cursing at a competitor, kicking your feet, striking other skaters or officials, etc.
  • Equipment (DQE): Not wearing the proper safety equipment, losing equipment during the race, or exposure of skin not on face or neck.
  • False Start (DQS): Leaving before firing of the starter's pistol. On the second violation in the race, the offender on that start is disqualified.
  • Did not finish (DNF): Usually due to injury, the skater did not finish the race
  • Did not skate (DNS): The skater did not go to the starting line.

Classes

Short track at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, Innsbruck

In Canada, short track competitions are held either as all-points meets, where skaters are seeded based only on their times for a standard distance (usually the 500m), or an age class, where people are seeded by age and gender. All-points meets allow racing against skaters of all ages and genders, with the exception of the Masters age class (30+). All-points meets are usually held at the local level in only certain provinces. Age class meets are utilized at the provincial and national levels. Age classes are:

  • Tiny Tot: 2–4
  • Peewee: 5–7
  • Pony: 8–10
  • Midget: 11–12
  • Juvenile: 13–14
  • Junior: 15–16
  • Intermediate: 17–18
  • Senior: 19–29
  • Master1: 30–39
  • Master2: 40–49
  • Master3: 50–59
  • Master4: 60+

Ages are determined as of July 1 or June 30 prior to competition. At International and Olympic competitions, skaters are placed by gender only.

World records

Men

Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time
500 meters JR Celski  United States Calgary, Canada October 21, 2012 39.937
1000 meters Kwak Yoon-Gy  South Korea Calgary, Canada October 21, 2012 1:23.007
1500 meters Noh Jin-Kyu  South Korea Shanghai, China December 10, 2011 2:09.041
3000 meters Noh Jin-Kyu  South Korea Warsaw, Poland March 19, 2011 4:31.891
5000 m relay Canada*  Canada Calgary, Canada October 19, 2012 6:30.958
* Relay members for Canada were: Charles Hamelin, Francois Hamelin, Michael Gilday and Olivier Jean

Women

Distance Athlete Nation City Date Record Time
500 meters Wang Meng  China Beijing, China November 29, 2008 42.609
1000 meters Shim Suk Hee  South Korea Calgary, Canada October 21, 2012 1:26.661
1500 meters Zhou Yang  China Salt Lake City, UT February 9, 2008 2:16.729
3000 meters Jung Eun-Ju  South Korea Harbin, China March 15, 2008 4:46.983
3000 m relay South Korea*  South Korea Kolomna, Russia November 17, 2013 4:06.215
* Members of the Korean National Team: Shim Suk Hee, Kim Alang, Cho Ha-Ri, Park Seung-Hi.

Notable skaters

The following include the list of athletes who have won an individual gold medal at an Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Championships in Short track speed skating.

Men

Athlete Nation Born Olympics World Championships (Overall) Olympics + World Championships (Overall) World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) Total
Total Total Total Total Total
Ahn Hyun-Soo (Viktor Ahn)  South Korea/ Russia 1985 4 0 2 6 5 1 0 6 9 1 2 12 15 12 4 31 24 13 6 43
Marc Gagnon  Canada 1975 3 0 2 5 4 2 1 7 7 2 3 12 15 9 4 28 22 11 7 40
Kim Ki-hoon  South Korea 1967 3 0 0 3 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 7 2+ 1+ 2+ 5+ 6+ 3+ 3+ 12+
Lee Ho-Suk  South Korea 1986 1 4 0 5 2 2 0 4 3 6 0 9 10 4 4 18 13 10 4 27
Apolo Anton Ohno  United States 1982 2 2 4 8 1 2 1 4 3 4 5 12 8 5 6 19 11 9 11 31
Charles Hamelin  Canada 1984 3 1 0 4 0 2 2 4 3 3 2 8 10 12 6 28 13 15 8 36
Kim Dong-Sung  South Korea 1980 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 3 3 1 2 5 10 7 3 20 13 8 4 25
Li Jiajun  China 1975 0 2 3 5 2 1 3 6 2 3 6 10 12 4 7 23 14 7 13 34
Chae Ji-Hoon  South Korea 1974 1 2 0 3 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 7 4+ 4+ 1+ 6+ 6+ 7+ 3+ 16+
Gaétan Boucher  Canada 1958 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 5 2 3 0 5 5+ 5+ ? 10+ 7+ 8+ ? 15+
Lee Jung-Su  South Korea 1989 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 3 0 1 4 5 1 1 7
Michel Daignault  Canada 1966 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 3 1+ 4+ 2+ 7+ 3+ 5+ 2+ 10+
Lee Joon-Ho  South Korea 1965 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 2 0 3 5 1+ 2+ 2+ 5+ 3+ 2+ 5+ 10+
Toshinobu Kawai  Japan 1967 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 3 3+ 1+ 3+ 6+ 5+ 1+ 4+ 10+
Guy Daignault  Canada 1954 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 11+ 8+ 1+ 20+ 13+ 8+ 1+ 22+
Tatsuyoshi Ishihara  Japan 1964 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 4+ 1+ 5+ 10+ 5+ 3+ 7+ 15+
Kwak Yoon-Gy  South Korea 1989 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 3 7 5 3 15 8 7 3 18
Louis Grenier  Canada ? 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 8+ 2+ 2+ 12+ 9+ 3+ 4+ 16+
Noh Jin-Kyu  South Korea 1992 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 5 2 1 8 6 3 1 10
Wilf O'Reilly  United Kingdom 1964 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 ? 2+ 2+ 4+ 1+ 3+ 2+ 6+
Alan Rattray  United States ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1+ 1+ ? 2+ 2+ 1+ 1+ 4+
Steven Bradbury  Australia 1973 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 5
Hiroshi Toda  Japan ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 ? ? 3+ 3+ 1+ ? 4+ 5+
Benoit Baril  Canada ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 4+ 1+ ? 5+ 5+ 1+ ? 6+
Min Ryoung  South Korea 1982 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ 1+ 1+ 4+ 3+ 1+ 1+ 5+
Peter van der Velde  Netherlands 1967 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ 1+ ? 3+ 3+ 1+ ? 4+
Sin Da-Woon  South Korea 1992 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 3 6 3 1 3 7
James Lynch  Australia ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ? 2+ ? 2+ 1+ 2+ ? 3+
Takafumi Nishitani  Japan 1979 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ? 1+ 1+ 2+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 3+

Women

Athlete Nation Born Olympics World Championships (Overall) Olympics + World Championships (Overall) World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team) Total
Total Total Total Total Total
Yang Yang (A)  China 1976 2 2 1 5 5 2 0 7 7 4 1 12 27 12 5 44 34 16 6 56
Wang Meng  China 1985 4 1 1 6 3 3 0 6 7 4 1 12 18 11 3 32 25 15 4 44
Chun Lee-Kyung  South Korea 1976 4 0 1 5 3 2 0 5 7 2 1 10 10 11 3 24 17 13 4 34
Sylvie Daigle  Canada 1962 1 1 0 2 5 2 1 8 6 3 1 10 22+ 8+ ? 31+ 28+ 11+ 1+ 40+
Jin Sun-Yu  South Korea 1988 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 10 3 1 14 16 3 1 20
Nathalie Lambert  Canada 1962 1 2 0 3 3 2 2 7 4 4 2 10 14+ 3+ 2+ 19+ 18+ 7+ 4+ 29+
Choi Eun-Kyung  South Korea 1984 2 2 0 4 2 1 0 3 4 3 0 7 12 3 4 19 16 6 4 26
Zhou Yang  China 1991 3 0 0 3 0 1 1 2 3 1 1 5 5 4 4 13 8 5 5 18
Miyoshi Kato  Japan ? 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 3+ 4+ 3+ 10+ 5+ 5+ 5+ 15+
Kim So-Hee  South Korea 1976 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 4 3+ 2+ 2+ 7+ 5+ 3+ 3+ 11+
Cathy Turner  United States 1962 2 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 ? 1+ ? 1+ 2+ 2+ 1+ 5+
Annie Perreault  Canada 1971 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 5+ 2+ 6+ 13+ 7+ 2+ 7+ 16+
Eiko Shishii  Japan ? 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 3 1+ 6+ ? 7+ 3+ 6+ 1+ 10+
Li Jianrou  China 1986 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 3 2 0 5 5 2 0 7
Maryse Perreault  Canada ? 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 4 11+ 3+ 2+ 16+ 12+ 5+ 3+ 20+
Ko Gi-Hyun  South Korea 1986 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 3 5 2 1 8 6 4 1 11
Park Seung-Hi  South Korea 1992 0 0 3 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 3 5 7 3 0 10 8 4 3 15
Bonnie Blair  United States 1964 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 ? 1+ 2+ 3+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 6+
Cho Ha-Ri  South Korea 1986 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 8 2 4 14 9 2 5 16
Mariko Kinoshita  Japan 1967 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 1+ 6+ ? 7+ 2+ 6+ 1+ 9+
Celeste Chlapaty  United States ? 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2+ ? ? ? 3+ ? ? 3+
Brenda Webster  Canada 1936 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1+ 2+ ? 3+ 2+ 2+ ? 4+
Sarah Docter  United States 1964 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1+ ? ? 1+ 2+ ? ? 2+

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Short track speed skating.

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