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A/UX

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 72.14.228.1 (talk) at 20:26, 5 April 2014 (Removed a false sentence (https://github.com/pruten/shoebill claims to have an emulator that can run A/UX).). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

A/UX
A/UX 3.0.1 with Finder, CommandShell and Netscape
A/UX 3.0.1 with Finder, CommandShell and Netscape
DeveloperApple Computer
OS familyUNIX System V
Working stateHistoric
Source modelClosed source
Latest release3.1.1 / 1995
Kernel typeMonolithic kernel
LicenseProprietary

A/UX (from Apple Unix) was Apple Computer’s implementation of the Unix operating system for some of their Macintosh computers. A/UX required a 68k-based Macintosh with an FPU and a paged memory management unit (PMMU), and various versions ran on the Macintosh II, SE/30, Quadra and Centris series of machines. A/UX was first released in 1988, with the final version (3.1.1) released in 1995.

The operating system was based on UNIX System V Release 2.2. It included some additional features from System V Releases 3 and 4 and BSD versions 4.2 and 4.3. It was POSIX and System V Interface Definition (SVID) compliant and included TCP/IP networking from version 2 onward. There were rumors of a later version using OSF/1 as its primary code base, but this system was never released to the public, if it existed.

Features

A/UX 3.x provided a graphical user interface with the familiar Finder windows, menus, and controls. The A/UX Finder was not the same program as the System 7 Finder, but a customized version adapted to run as a Unix process and designed to interact with the Unix kernel and file systems. A/UX 3.x also included a CommandShell terminal program, which offered a command line interface to the underlying Unix system, a feature which had never been available on Macintosh computers running the classic Mac OS Finder. An X Window System server application (called MacX) with a terminal program could also be used to interface with the system and run X applications directly in the Finder. Alternatively, the user could choose to run a full X11R4 session without the Finder.

By including a compatibility layer, A/UX could run Macintosh System 7.0.1, Unix, and "hybrid" applications. A hybrid application used both Macintosh and Unix system functions: for example, a Macintosh application which called Unix system functions, or a Unix application which called Macintosh Toolbox (e.g. QuickDraw) functions. The compatibility layer used some existing Toolbox functions in the computer’s ROM, while other function calls were translated into native Unix system calls.

A/UX included a utility called Commando (similar to a tool of the same name included with MPW) to assist users with entering Unix commands. Opening a Unix executable file from the Finder would open a dialog box that allowed the user to choose command-line options for the program using standard controls such as radio buttons and check boxes, and display the resulting command line argument for the user before executing the command or program. This feature was intended to ease the learning curve for users new to Unix, and decrease the user’s reliance on the Unix manual. A/UX also had a utility that allowed you to reformat third party SCSI drives in a way such that they could be used in other Macs of that era.

A/UX users had one central source for most A/UX applications, a server at NASA called “Jagubox” administered by Jim Jagielski, who was also the editor of the A/UX FAQ. Although Jagubox is down, some mirrors are still maintained.

Decline

The last version of A/UX, 3.1.1, was released in 1995. A/UX ran only on 68k-based Macintoshes with a floating point unit (FPU) and a paged memory management unit (PMMU),[1] and even then only on select models (for example, the Quadra 840AV, Apple's fastest 68k Macintosh, cannot run A/UX).[2] Apple never ported A/UX to PowerPC Macintoshes (though A/UX 4.0 was rumored to have been an OSF/1 adaptation), and the company abandoned it completely by 1996, preferring to use a slightly modified version of IBM’s AIX system on their mid-90s Apple Network Servers. After Steve Jobs returned to Apple, another Unix-like operating system was introduced in the form of Mac OS X, but it had very little in common with A/UX, instead being based on the BSD-derived NeXTSTEP. Today, other than a few isolated or hobbyist servers still running it, A/UX is extinct.

Timeline of Mac operating systems
ARM architecture familyx86PowerPC68kMacBook Air (Apple silicon)iMac ProRetina MacBook ProMacBook AirApple–Intel architecturePower Mac G5Power Mac G4iMac G3Power MacintoshMacintosh QuadraMacintosh PortableMacintosh SE/30Macintosh IIMacintosh PlusMacintosh 128KmacOS SonomamacOS VenturamacOS MontereymacOS Big SurmacOS CatalinamacOS MojavemacOS High SierramacOS SierraOS X El CapitanOS X YosemiteOS X MavericksOS X Mountain LionMac OS X LionMac OS X Snow LeopardMac OS X LeopardMac OS X TigerMac OS X PantherMac OS X 10.2Mac OS X 10.1Mac OS X 10.0Mac OS X Server 1.0Mac OS X Public BetaA/UXA/UXA/UXMacWorks XLMacWorks XLSun RemarketingMacWorks XLMac OS 9Mac OS 9Mac OS 9Mac OS 8Mac OS 8Mac OS 8Mac OS 8System 7System 7System 7System 7System 6Classic Mac OSClassic Mac OSClassic Mac OSClassic Mac OSSystem 1Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)

See also

References

  1. ^ Singh, Amit (February 2004). "Many Systems for Many Apples". Kernel Thread. [dead link]
  2. ^ "A/UX and Compatible Macintoshes". Apple, Inc. August 1994.
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