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Muhammad bin Nayef

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Muhammad bin Nayef
Mohammed bin Nayef Al Saud
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
First Deputy Prime Minister
Reign29 April 2015 – 21 June 2017
PredecessorMuqrin bin Abdulaziz
SuccessorMohammad bin Salman
MonarchSalman
Minister of Interior
In office5 November 2012 – 21 June 2017
PredecessorAhmed bin Abdulaziz
SuccessorAbdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud
Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Second Deputy Prime Minister
In Office23 January 2015 – 29 April 2015
PredecessorMuqrin bin Abdulaziz
SuccessorMohammad bin Salman
MonarchSalman
Born (1959-08-30) 30 August 1959 (age 65)
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
SpouseReema bint Sultan Al Saud
Names
Muhammad bin Nayef bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saud
HouseHouse of Saud
FatherPrince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
MotherAl Jawhara bint Abdulaziz bin Musaed bin Jiluwi
ReligionSunni Islam

Muhammad[a] bin Nayef[b] bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Template:Lang-ar; born 30 August 1959) is a prominent member of the House of Saud who is a nephew of King Salman and grandson of the founding monarch.[1][2] He has served as First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of Saudi Arabia[3] and chairman of the Council for Political and Security Affairs.[4] On 29 April 2015, he was appointed Crown Prince by King Salman, making him first in line to the throne of Saudi Arabia. He was deposed as Crown Prince on 21 June 2017, and replaced by Prince Mohammad bin Salman.[5] He was also relieved of all positions by royal decree.[6]

Early life and education

Prince Muhammad was born in Jeddah on 30 August 1959.[2][7] He is the second-eldest son and one of ten children of Prince Nayef.[8][9] He has an elder brother, Prince Saud, and a younger brother, Prince Fahd.[10] Their mother is Al Jawhara bint Abdulaziz bin Musaed Al Jiluwi,[9][11] who is a member of the Al Jiluwi branch of the House of Saud.[12]

Muhammad's father Nayef was one of the Sudairi Seven, a power bloc of sons of the kingdom's founder, King Abdelaziz (known in the West as Ibn Saud), and Hussa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. Thus, Prince Muhammad was born to an especially privileged position in the House of Saud dynasty: a paternal grandson of the founding monarch, and child of one of the original king's favourite sons. Two of Prince Muhammad's full uncles, Fahd and Salman, have reigned as King during Muhammad's lifetime.

Muhammad bin Nayef studied in the United States.[13] He took courses at Lewis & Clark College but did not receive a degree.[14] He attended the FBI's security courses from 1985 to 1988, and was trained at Scotland Yard's anti-terrorism units from 1992 to 1994.[8]

Career

Muhammad bin Nayef with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, 16 January 2013

Muhammad bin Nayef was appointed assistant interior minister for security affairs in 1999. He had been a businessman before this appointment.[15] He was widely credited for the success of the Ministry's counter-terrorism program.[16] He was also regarded as the architect of the government's counter-insurgency program.[17] He also served as the director of civil defense during his term as assistant minister.[18] He was considered to be an effective assistant interior minister.[19]

In 2004, he was appointed to the rank of minister, becoming number two at the Ministry of Interior.[8] In October 2010, he warned the U.S. Deputy National Security Adviser of the 2010 cargo plane bomb plot.[20][21] After the appointment of Prince Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud as interior minister upon the death of Prince Nayef in July 2012, Prince Muhammad became deputy interior minister.[1][22]

In November 2009, King Abdullah appointed Muhammad as a member of the influential Supreme Economic Council of Saudi Arabia.[23] This move was regarded as approval of the increase in then-Crown Prince Nayef's power by King Abdullah.[24] On the other hand, this appointment enabled Prince Muhammad to extend his influence over the government's economy policy.[25]

On 5 November 2012, King Abdullah issued a royal decree and dismissed Prince Ahmed, Minister of Interior, from his office and appointed Prince Muhammad as minister.[1] He became the tenth interior minister of Saudi Arabia.[26] Prince Muhammad took the oath of office in front of King Abdullah on 6 November 2012.[27] His appointment was not regarded very positively by human rights activists due to Prince Muhammad's professional experience as a tough enforcer who imprisoned thousands of suspected troublemakers in Saudi Arabia.[28] However, he was regarded as less corrupt and less likely to abuse his power in comparison to other senior princes of his generation.[28]

Prince Muhammad met with British Prime Minister David Cameron in January 2013.[29] He then met with U.S. President Barack Obama in Washington, D.C. on 14 January 2013.[30] They discussed issues of security and regional developments.[30] In late January 2013, Prince Muhammad announced that Saudi women would be allowed to work at the directorate.[31]

In February 2014, Prince Muhammad replaced Bandar bin Sultan, then intelligence chief of Saudi Arabia, and was placed in charge of Saudi intelligence in Syria.[32] Muhammad was assisted in this effort by Prince Mutaib bin Abdullah, the minister of the Saudi Arabian National Guard.[33]

On 10 February 2017, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) granted its "George Tenet Medal" to Bin Nayef for what the agency called his "excellent intelligence performance, in the domain of counter-terrorism and his unbound contribution to realize world security and peace". The medal, named after George Tenet, CIA's longest-serving director, from 1996 to 2004, was handed to him by the newly appointed CIA director Mike Pompeo during a reception ceremony in the Saudi capital Riyadh in the presence of Minister of Defense Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. It was the first reaffirmation of ties between the Islamic monarchy and United States since President Donald Trump took office on 20 January 2017.[34] The reception was attended by senior civil and military officials and by the U.S. Charge d'affaires to the Kingdom, Christopher Hensel. Bin Nayef and Pompeo discussed security with Turkish officials, he said Saudi Arabia's relationship with the U.S. is "historic and strategic" and added that the move shows Washington's recognition of what he called Riyadh's anti-terrorism efforts.[35] This was while the Kingdom Saudi Arabia, where Wahhabism is embraced, stands accused of supporting Daesh and other Takfiri terror groups fighting inside Syria since 2011, who use the extremist ideology to declare people of other faiths as "infidels" and thus to kill them, and has also been engaged in a military campaign against Yemen since March 2015. Daesh and al-Qaeda are both considered to be inspired by Wahhabism.[36][37][38]

Deputy Crown Prince

On 23 January 2015 it was announced that King Salman had appointed Muhammad bin Nayef as deputy crown prince.[39][40] The announcement reportedly helped calm fears of dynastic instability over the line of succession.[41] Thus, Prince Muhammad became the first of his generation to be officially in line for the throne. In addition to his other posts Prince Muhammad was named the chair of the Council for Political and Security Affairs which was established on 29 January 2015.[40]

Crown Prince

Crown Prince Muhammad with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, 6 May 2015

On 29 April 2015, Muhammad bin Nayef was named Crown Prince, replacing Muqrin bin Abdulaziz in the post.[42]

Muhammad bin Nayef was deposed by royal decree on 21 June 2017, and Mohammad bin Salman was made heir apparent to the throne.[43] Muhammad was also relieved of all positions by royal decree.[6] Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud replaced Prince Muhammad as Minister of Interior.[44] The change of succession had been predicted in December 2015 by an unusually blunt and public memo published by the German Federal Intelligence Service,[45][46] for which it was subsequently rebuked by the German government.[47]

War in Yemen

Main article: 2015 military intervention in Yemen

As chair of the Council for Political and Security Affairs, the Prince has been a leading commander of Operation Decisive Storm, the first major Saudi military operation of the 21st century.

Views

Muhammad bin Nayef, unlike most of the royal family, actively talks to the media.[48] Concerning the struggle against terrorism, he adopts a policy of the iron fist like his father, Prince Nayef.[25] He, and other decision-making elites, believe terrorism must be treated as a form of crime and fought with ruthless policing methods.[49] Walid Jumblatt described Muhammad bin Nayef as the Saudi equivalent of General Ashraf Rifi, former director-general of Lebanon's Internal Security Forces.[50]

Muhammad bin Nayef was commended by Western intelligence agencies for Saudi Arabia's counterterrorism programs.[48] He called for a "security channel" with the United States to facilitate information exchange. He firmly supported U.S. President Barack Obama in his opposition to the release of detainee interrogation photographs. He thought that Yemen was a "dangerous failed state" and becoming a serious threat to Saudi Arabia. He further believed that Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh was losing control. He suggested a strategy of directly working with Yemeni tribes, condemning terrorism.[51]

He praised General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani as a "good man". He voiced his concerns concerning Iran's nuclear program. He defers foreign policy issues to the King.[52] After his appointment as interior minister, U.S. diplomats argued that he is "the most pro-American minister in the Saudi Cabinet".[53]

Influence

The Economist described Prince Muhammad as energetic and low-key, and stated that he was one of the candidates for the throne when the line of succession passes to the grandsons of King Abdulaziz.[54] He was also considered to be one of the possible contenders after his father's death in June 2012.[55][56] In 2011, Michael Hayden reported that Prince Muhammad was the world's fifth most powerful defender.[57] On 4 March 2016, Muhammad bin Nayef was decorated with the French Legion of Honour by French president François Hollande.[58] In April 2016, Prince Muhammad was named by Time as one of the 100 Most Influential People.[59]

Assassination attempts

Muhammad bin Nayef has escaped four assassination attempts. He was slightly injured in the third attempt, and unhurt in the others.[60]

The third attempt was on 27 August 2009.[60] Muhammad bin Nayef was slightly injured by Abdullah Hassan Al Aseery (Al Asiri), a suicide bomber linked to Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. Al Aseery spoke to Muhammad bin Nayef a few days prior to the bombing, and expressed a desire to surrender himself to the authorities as part of the country's terrorist rehabilitation program. This was apparently a plot to get admitted to the Prince's palace.[61] Al Aseery is believed to have traveled to Jeddah from the Yemeni province of Marib. During Ramadan, Al Aseery waited in line at the Prince's Jeddah home as a "well-wisher". He exploded a suicide bomb, killing himself, but only slightly injuring Muhammad bin Nayef, who was protected from the full force of the blast by Al Aseery's body.[62][63] Muhammad bin Nayef appeared on state television with a bandage around two of his fingers on his left hand. He stated, "I did not want him to be searched, but he surprised me by blowing himself up. However, this will only increase my determination to fight terrorism in the kingdom".[64] In the attack, Al Aseery used an explosive device hidden inside his rectum.[65] These are commonly known as a surgically implanted improvised explosive device, or as a body cavity bomb (BCB).[66]

This was the first assassination attempt against a royal family member since 2003, when Saudi Arabia faced a sharp uptick in Al Qaeda-linked attacks.[67][68] The last assassination attempt against Prince Muhammad was in August 2010.[60]

Personal life

Muhammad bin Nayef is a son-in-law of and also a full nephew of Sultan bin Abdulaziz. He is also a nephew of King Fahd and King Salman.[54] He is married to Reema bint Sultan Al Saud, his first cousin, and they have two daughters.[69]

In April 2016, Muhammad bin Nayef was implicated in the Panama Papers leaks.[70]

Ancestry

Family of Muhammad bin Nayef
16. Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud
8. Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
17. Sarah bint Mishari bin Abdulrahman bin Hassan Al Saud
4. Ibn Saud
18. Ahmed Al Kabir bin Muhammad bin Turki Al Sudairi
9. Sarah bint Ahmed al-Kabir bin Muhammad Al Sudairi
2. Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud
20. Muhammed bin Ahmed Al Kabir Al Sudairi
10. Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Sudairy
5. Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
22. Ali bin Muhammad Al Suwaidi
11. Sharifa bint Ali bin Muhammad Al Suwaidi
1. Muhammad bin Nayef[71]
24. Jiluwi bin Turki bin Abdallah Al Jiluwi
12. Musaid bin Jiluwi bin Turki Al Jiluwi
25. Nura bint Ahmad Al Sudairi
6. Abd al-Aziz bin Musaid bin Jiluwi Al Jiluwi
26. Nasir bin Faysal bin Nasir Al Thunayyan
13. al-Jawhara bint Nasir bin Faysal Al Thunayyan
3. al-Jawhara bint Abdulaziz bin Musaed bin Jiluwi
28. Battal Al Mutayri
14. Musa'id bin Battal Al Mutayri
7. Tarfa bint Musa'id bin Battal Al Mutayri

Notes

Footnotes
  1. ^ Also spelled Mohammed
  2. ^ Also spelled Naif
References
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  60. ^ a b c Abdullah Al Oraifij (16 August 2010). "Fourth assassination attempt against Prince foiled". Saudi Gazette. Riyadh. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  61. ^ Kevin Sullivan (23 January 2015). "Meet the Saudi royal family's rising star, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef". The Washington Post. Riyadh. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  62. ^ Michael Slackman (28 August 2009), "Would-Be Killer Linked to Al Qaeda, Saudis Say", The New York Times, retrieved 13 May 2010
  63. ^ "Saudi prince spoke to bomber on phone before attack". Reuters. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. On the recording broadcast by Saudi-owned Al Arabiya, the two men are heard exchanging pleasantries and congratulating each other for the holy month of Ramadan, which was then being observed by Muslims around the world, indicating that the conversation took place in recent weeks. 'I need to meet you to tell you the whole story', the man told the prince. 'If you come I will sit with you and both of us can give whatever he has to his companion', the prince replied
  64. ^ "Saudi prince wounded by suicide bomber vows to fight Al-Qaida". Haaretz. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
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Media related to Muhammad bin Nayef at Wikimedia Commons

Saudi Arabian royalty
Preceded by Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
28 April 2015 – 21 June 2017 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
5 November 2012 – 21 June 2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Second Deputy Prime Minister
23 January 2015 – 28 April 2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Muqrin bin Abdulaziz
 First Deputy Prime Minister
28 April 2015 – 21 June 2017 		Succeeded by
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