List of shipwrecks in 1971
Appearance
The list of shipwrecks in 1971 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1971.
| ||||
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Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | |
May | Jun | Jul | Aug | |
Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
References |
January
7 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Kolno | Poland | The cargo ship ran aground off Falsterbo, Sweden, withdrawn from service as a result and converted to a floating boilerhouse. |
West Shore | Norway | The supply vessel foundered in the North Sea 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) off the Ocean Viking oil rig. All thirteen crew rescued.[1] |
8 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Antilles | France | The ocean liner ran aground off Mustique, St Vincent and the Grenadines and caught fire when her fuel tanks ruptured. All passengers and crew took to the lifeboats and were rescued by Queen Elizabeth 2 ( United Kingdom). |
11 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Texaco Caribbean | Peru | It was struck by the 12,000-tonne Paracas ( Panama) in thick fog. The Paracas having ignored the shipping lanes so that it could take a quicker route down the channel. The Texaco Caribbean, exploded from the oil fumes in its empty hold[2]. It split in two and sank in the English Channel 13km off Folkestone with the loss of at least eight lives.[3][4] Survivors were rescued by Bravagos ( Norway) and the fishing vessel Viking Warrior ( United Kingdom).[5] |
12 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Brandenburg | West Germany | Struck wreck of Texaco Caribbean ( Peru) and sank with the loss of 21 lives.[3][4] |
14 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Pasteur | Panama | Sank at 00°56′N 107°53′E / 0.933°N 107.883°E when on a voyage from Sibu, Sarawak to Singapore. Was well off the normal route at the time. |
28 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hoveringham II | United Kingdom | The dredger sprang a leak, capsized and sank off Puffin Island, Anglesey. Her four crew were rescued by the Holyhead Lifeboat.[6] |
31 January
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Princess Margarethe | Denmark | The ferry ran aground off the Kullen Lighthouse, Sweden. All on board rescued by Kärmen ( Denmark).[7] |
February
6 February
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Byzantium | Cyprus | The ship caught fire at Gibraltar, with its bridge deck and accommodation gutted. Repairs were deemed uneconomic and the ship was scrapped later in the year. |
10 February
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Aguedal | Italy | The cargo ship ran aground 15 nautical miles (28 km) off the coast of Libya.[8] |
22 February
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Endeavour II | New Zealand | The three-masted auxiliary barque was driven ashore in Parengarenga Harbour, a few miles south of North Cape. She was en route to New Zealand from Australia, and after being becalmed encountered a gale on rounding North Cape and failed to make Houhora Harbour. The crew of 13 men and one woman landed safely, there were no fatalities. She was the first square-rigged sailing vessel wrecked on the New Zealand coast for more than 50 years. Endeavour II had taken part in the 1970 bi-centenary re-enactment of James Cook's landing at Botany Bay, Sydney on 29 April 1970.[9] |
Ocean Castle | United States | The fishing vessel sank in the Gulf of Alaska near the Barren Islands (58°57′N 152°15′W / 58.950°N 152.250°W) off the south-central coast of Alaska after colliding with the tanker Hawaiian Standard (flag unknown). Hawaiian Standard rescued her crew of four.[10] |
26 February
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Wafra | Liberia | The tanker ran aground at Cape Agulhas, Libya.[11] |
27 February
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Niki | Greece | The ship struck the wreck of Texaco Caribbean ( Peru) and sank with the loss of all 22 crew.[3] |
Esso Antwerp | Belgium | The ship collided with Panachaikon ( Liberia) and sank in the River Scheldt. Later raised, repaired and returned to service.[12] |
March
1 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Reuben James | United States Navy | The decommissioned Template:Sclass- was sunk as a target. |
2 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Trinity Navigator | Sweden | The tanker ran aground off Berry Head, Devon, United Kingdom.[13] |
3 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Henna | Panama | The bulk carrier sprang a leak and foundered in the Indian Ocean (34°57′S 72°08′E / 34.950°S 72.133°E). Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Bunbury, Western Australia to Savannah, Georgia, United States.[14] |
4 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Gregory | United States Navy | The decommissioned Template:Sclass- was deliberately run aground on San Clemente Island off Southern California for use as a target. |
12 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Wafra | Liberia | The tanker was towed out to sea and sunk by bombing from South African Air Force aircraft.[15] |
29 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Texaco Oklahoma | United States | The tanker broke in two and foundered off North Carolina with the loss of 33 of her 44 crew.[16][17] |
30 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Panther | Liberia | The tanker ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, off the coast of Kent, United Kingdom.[18] She was refloated on 4 April.[5] |
31 March
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Christos | Liberia | Ran aground on Kandeliusa Island, Kos, Greece. |
April
1 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Christos | Liberia | Refloated, but developed leaks and sank at 36°32′N 26°57′E / 36.533°N 26.950°E |
20 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Cohansey | Panama | The T2 tanker collided with Marimunda ( Sweden) off Pladju, Indonesia. Arrested and laid up at Singapore, she was scrapped in 1973.[19] |
21 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Stork | Royal Navy | The Troubles: The survey launch, attached to the survey ship HMS Hecate ( Royal Navy), was towed out to sea, bombed, and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Baltimore, Ireland, by a Provisional Irish Republican Army unit.[20] |
26 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ostrich | Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini | Bangladesh Liberation War: The ship was sunk by Pakistani F-86 Sabre aircraft.[21] |
30 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Pacific | United States | Carrying a cargo of heavy construction equipment, the motor vessel sank in Portage Bay on the coast of Alaska. Reports of the sinking do not indicate in which of several Alaskan bodies of water named "Portage Bay" the sinking took place.[10] |
May
2 May
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Tongass | United States | The fishing vessel ran aground and sank at the south end of Baranof Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. Another fishing vessel rescued all six members of her crew.[22] |
15 May
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Herulv | Norway | The tanker was involved in a collision off the coast of Kent, United Kingdom and was holed.[23] |
17 May
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ellinis | Greece | The ocean liner ran aground off Calshot, Hampshire, United Kingdom. She was refloated undamaged after two hours.[23] |
Unknown date
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Viking L&R | Cayman Islands | The converted yacht foundered in Montego Bay, Jamaica |
PB 7 | Republic of Korea Navy | The PB 3-class patrol craft was wrecked sometime in May.[24] |
June
1 June
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Bugara | United States Navy | The Template:Sclass- sank in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Flattery, Washington whilst under tow. |
July
1 July
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Clyde Venture' | United Kingdom | The coastal tanker sank in the Rothesay Dock, Clydebank due to the actions of vandals.[25] |
HMS Artemis | Royal Navy | The Template:Sclass- foundered at her moorings at Gosport, Hampshire. Subsequently raised and sold for scrap. |
4 July
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Naniward Abone | Indonesia | The cargo ship collided with Ocean Prime ( Liberia) and sank off Waikayama, Japan.[26] |
Rakusui Maru | Japan | The coaster collided with another ship and sank off Waikayama with the loss of eight of her nine crew.[26] |
Koyo Maru | Japan | The coaster collided with another ship and sank off Japan.[26] |
5 July
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ocean Glory | Liberia | The cargo ship sprang a leak and foundered in the Bay of Bengal. All crew rescued by Chilka ( United Kingdom).[26] |
17 July
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Selamat | Singapore | The vessel ran aground at Kalampunian Island, Borneo. The ship was abandoned as a total loss. |
August
5 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Mania | Liberia | Caught fire off Bari, Italy and abandoned. Beached at Split, Yugoslavia on 8 August. Scrapped in November 1971.[27] |
7 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Stag | United States | The crab-fishing vessel sank in bad weather off Land's End (59°37′N 151°27′W / 59.617°N 151.450°W) on the Homer Spit in Homer, Alaska. A pleasure craft rescued her entire crew of three.[28] |
16 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Al-Abbas | Pakistan | Bangladesh Liberation War: The cargo ship was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines at Chittagong.[29] |
Hormux | Pakistan | Bangladesh Liberation War: The cargo ship was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines at Chittagong.[30] |
No. 6 | Pakistan | Bangladesh Liberation War: The barge was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines at Chittagong.[31] |
17 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Red Sea | Hong Kong | Typhoon Rose: The cargo ship was driven ashore at Lanatu Island, Hong Kong. Refloated but scrapped the following month.[32] |
USS Regulus | United States Navy |
Typhoon Rose: The Template:Sclass- was driven ashore at Kau-i-chau, Hong Kong. Subsequently declared a constructive total loss. |
19 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Billy | Liberia | Typhoon Rose: The cargo ship was driven aground at Hong Kong. Declared a constructive total loss and sold for scrap.[27] |
HAM 308[33] | Netherlands | The dredger collided with Polycastle ( Norway) and sank in Jade Bight off Wilhelmshaven, West Germany with the loss of five crew and two other persons.[34][35] |
30 August
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Bertha Denz | West Germany | The trawler was in collision with Achatina ( United Kingdom) and sank 25 nautical miles (46 km) west of Heligoland. Two crew rescued by Achatina.[36] |
September
3 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Viking King | United States | The 87-foot (27 m) crab fishing vessel sank with the loss of two lives when she was swamped off Akun Island near Unalaska, Alaska. Her two survivors reached shore by clinging to an overturned life raft.[37] |
4 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ricardo Manuel | Panama | Cut in two by Zagora ( Morocco) and sunk at entrance to Casablanca harbour. |
5 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Eleni | Greece | The cargo ship collided with Princess Ragnhild ( Norway). Declared uneconomic to repair, scrapped in April 1972 at Santander, Spain. |
21 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Precious Pearl | Hong Kong | The ship caught fire and sank in the South China Sea.[38][39] |
22 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Shapta Dinga | Pakistan | Bangladesh Liberation War: The cargo ship was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines at Chalna.[40] |
24 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Teviotbank | United Kingdom | The Bank Line cargo ship was damaged by East Bengal guerrillas at Chalna, East Pakistan.[41] |
29 September
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Apollo | Cyprus | Stranded 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Skije[where?] .[42] |
October
14 October
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
London Valour | United Kingdom | The bulk carrier had run aground and broken her back at Genoa in April 1970, but Smit Tak International had refloated the after portion on 12 October 1971 and was towing it to be scuttled on the Balearic Abyssal Plain. About 90 miles (78 nmi; 140 km) out from Genoa the hulk sank in the early hours of 14 October.[43] |
16 October
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Softuk | United States | The motor vessel was found abandoned in Orca Inlet in Prince William Sound on the south-central coast of Alaska. One person aboard her was lost[28] |
22 October
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Loch Seaforth | United Kingdom | The mailboat ran aground off Skye. All 26 passengers rescued, ship later refloated.[44] |
30 October
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Nam Sanh | Vietnam | Stranded in a typhoon at Chu Lai, Vietnam. |
November
4 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Mahtab Javed II | Pakistan | Bangladesh Liberation War: The Tanker was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines near Chittagong. Later raised[45][46] |
8 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Saratoga | United States | The fishing vessel was wrecked on rocks near the mouth of Little Tonki Bay (56°20′N 152°04′W / 56.333°N 152.067°W) on Afognak Island in the Kodiak Archipelago in the Gulf of Alaska. All seven men on board reached a rock, where a United States Coast Guard helicopter rescued them.[28] |
9 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Heythrop | United Kingdom | The OBO carrier exploded and caught fire 150 nautical miles (280 km) East London, South Africa. All on board were rescued by Showa Venture ( Liberia). The captain and five officers later reboarded the ship, which was towed by the tugs Arctic and Statesman to Port Elizabeth.[47] The ship was repaired and returned to service.[48] |
Maori | France | The cargo ship sank 250 nautical miles (460 km) off the coast of Spain. There was only one survivor of her 39 crew.[47] |
14 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Samuel B. Roberts | United States Navy | The decommissioned Template:Sclass- was sunk as a target in the Atlantic Ocean 195 nautical miles (361 km) north of Puerto Rico at 21°42.8′N 65°55.1′W / 21.7133°N 65.9183°W. |
17 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Elcano | Spain | The tanker sank off the Cape Verde Islands following an onboard explosion with the loss of four of her 35 crew.[49] |
22 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Chrysovalandou | Greece | Bangladesh Liberation War: The cargo ship was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines in the Pussur river.[50] |
23 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Mastro Stelius | Greece | Bangladesh Liberation War: The cargo ship was sunk by Mukti Bahini frogmen with Limpet Mines in the Pussur river.[51] |
30 November
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Juliana | Liberia | The tanker ran aground off Niigata, Japan and broke in two.[52] |
Unknown date
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Roberts | United States Navy | The decommissioned Template:Sclass- was sunk as a target. |
December
3 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Seven Seas | United States | The fishing vessel disappeared near Kodiak Island off the south-central coast Alaska during a voyage to Wide Bay (57°22′N 156°11′W / 57.367°N 156.183°W) with the loss of all four people on board.[28] |
4 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
PNS Comilla | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Rajshahi-class patrol craft was sunk by Indian Hawker Sea Fury aircraft in the Bay of Bengal off Chittagong.[53][54] |
PNS Ghazi | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Ghazi-class submarine was sunk in the Bay of Bengal off Visakhapatnam, India, by Indian surface ships, or loss by accidental explosion while laying mines, with the loss of her entire crew of 92.[55][56] |
PNS Khaibar | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 - Operation Trident: The Badr-class destroyer was sunk in the Arabian Sea south of Karachi, Pakistan, by two SS-N-2 Styx missiles fired by the missile boat INS Nirghat ( Indian Navy). 289 crewmen killed.[57][58] |
PNS Muhafiz | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 - Operation Trident: The Mahmood-class minesweeper was sunk in the Arabian Sea south of Karachi, Pakistan, by two SS-N-2 Styx missiles fired by the missile boat INS Veer ( Indian Navy).[59][60] |
Venus Challenger | Liberia | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 - Operation Trident: The cargo ship was sunk in the Arabian Sea 26 nautical miles (48 km; 30 mi) south of Karachi, Pakistan, by an SS-N-2 Styx missile fired by the missile boat INS Nipat ( Indian Navy).[61] |
5 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
PNS Salamat | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The patrol craft was sunk by Breguet Alize aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy) in the Bay of Bengal.[62] |
PNS Shahbaz | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The patrol craft was sunk by Breguet Alize aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy) in the Bay of Bengal.[63] |
6 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ondarroa | Spain | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy) in the entrance to the Pussur River. Later raised. Crew sailed in lifeboats to Calcutta.[64][65][66] |
Thetic Charley | Greece | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy).[67][68] |
8 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: Four unknown Patrol craft were shelled and sunk in the Bay of Bengal by INS Brahmaputra ( Indian Navy).[69] |
9 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
PNS Balaghat | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The patrol craft was sunk by Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy).[70] |
Gulf Star | Panama | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 - Operation Python: The cargo ship was sunk by one SS-N-2 Styx missile fired by the missile boat INS Vinash ( Indian Navy) at Karachi, Pakistan.[71][72] |
Harmattan | United Kingdom | Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Operation Python: The cargo ship was sunk by one SS-N-2 Styx missile fired by the missile boat INS Vinash ( Indian Navy) at Karachi, Pakistan. Seven crew were killed.[71][73] |
INS Khukri | Indian Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Khukri-class frigate was torpedoed and sunk in the Arabian Sea 35 nautical miles (65 km) southwest of Diu by PNS Hangor ( Pakistan Navy) with the loss of 194 of her crew. |
Mustali | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft in Chalna, East Pakistan.[74] |
Makran | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft in Chalna, East Pakistan.[75] |
Unidentified landing craft tank and unidentified landing craft tank | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The two landing craft tanks were sunk by Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy).[76][77] |
Zoe | Greece | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 - Operation Python: The tanker was shelled and set on fire at Karachi, Pakistan.[71] |
10 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ocean Enterprise | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Indian aircraft at Chalna-Mongla East Pakistan.[78] |
Nordpol/North Pole | Unknown | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk by Indian aircraft at Chalna-Mongla East Pakistan.[79] |
Padma | Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Ford-class ASW ship was sunk at Kulna on the Pussur River by Indian Air Force Folland Gnats. 14 survivors of Padma and Palash were rescued by INS Panvel ( Indian Navy).[80][81] |
Palash | Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Ford-class ASW ship was sunk at Kulna on the Pussur River by Indian Air Force Folland Gnats. 14 survivors of Padma and Palash were rescued by INS Panvel ( Indian Navy).[82][83] |
12 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Al-Abbas | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk at Chittagong by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft.[84] |
Anisbaksh | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was sunk at Chittagong by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft.[85][86] |
Avlos | Brazil | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The tanker was sunk at Chittagong by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft. Raised and scrapped April, 1972.[87][88] |
13 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Surma | Pakistan | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The cargo ship was bombed, capsized and sank at Chittagong by Indian Navy Hawker Sea Hawk aircraft.[89][90][91] |
16 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Saint Mark | United States | The 139-gross ton, 79.6-foot (24.3 m) crab-fishing vessel disappeared in the Gulf of Alaska during a voyage from Kodiak to Seward, Alaska, with the loss of all four people on board. She was last seen off Port William on Shuyak Island in the Kodiak Archipelago, apparently trying to escape rough seas.[28] |
19 December
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Tralee Trader | Panama | The coaster foundered 10 nautical miles (19 km) off Land's End, United Kingdom. All crew rescued by the trawler Petronella ( Netherlands).[92] |
Unknown
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
PNS Jessore | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Rajshahi-class patrol craft was damaged on 4 or 11 December by Breguet Alize aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy) in the Bay of Bengal and beached. Refloated after the War, repaired and put in Bangladeshi Navy service.[93][94] |
PNS Sylhet | Pakistan Navy | Indo-Pakistan War of 1971: The Rajshahi-class patrol craft was sunk on 4 or 6 December by aircraft from INS Vikrant ( Indian Navy) in the Bay of Bengal.[95][96] |
References
- ^ "13 are rescued as vessel founders in North Sea". The Times. No. 58067. London. 8 January 1971. col B-C, p. 3. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ http://wwz.cedre.fr/en/Resources/Spills/Spills/Texaco-Caribbean
- ^ a b c Lane, Anthony (2009). Shipwrecks of Kent. Stroud: The History Press. pp. 82–84. ISBN 978-0-7524-1720-2.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|coauthors=
and|month=
(help) - ^ a b Hendry, Alex (13 January 1971). "International dispute on Channel Safety". The Times. No. 58071. London. col D, p. 1. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ a b Bignell, Alan (2001). Kent Shipwrecks (Second ed.). Newbury: Countryside Books. pp. 106–13. ISBN 1 85306 719 9.
- ^ Wyn-Williams, Gareth. "Anglesey shipwreck captured from the air after half a century on seabed". Daily Post. Trinity Mirror Merseyside. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ "Picture Gallery". The Times. No. 58087. London. 1 February 1971. col B-D, p. 4. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Acid ship in danger of exploding". The Times. No. 58096. London. 11 February 1971. col A, p. 1. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ New Zealand Shipwrecks 1795-1982 by CWN Ingram, page 437-8 (1984, Reed, Wellington) ISBN 0-589-01510-9
- ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (P)
- ^ "Grounded tanker towed free". The Times. No. 58117. London. 9 March 1971. col C, p. 6. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Belgian Merchant A-G" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 1 October 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Navy check ends pollution fear". The Times. No. 58112. London. 3 March 1971. col C, p. 3. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "T2 TANKERS - N - O - P". Mariners. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ "Picture Gallery". The Times. No. 58121. London. 13 March 1971. col D-F, p. 4. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ Leapman, Michael (30 March 1971). "33 lost in tanker broken 'by one wave'". The Times. No. 58134. London. col E, p. 7. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Marine Casualty Report:Structural Failure and Sinking of the Texaco Oklahoma off Cape Hatteras on 27 March 1971, with the loss of 31 lives" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. 26 July 1972. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ "Tanker aground off Kent". The Times. No. 58135. London. 31 March 1971. col F, p. 1. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "T2 TANKERS - C". Mariners. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
- ^ debate, 28 April 1971
- ^ "India and Banladesh Naval Battles". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (T)
- ^ a b "Liner refloated after two hours on shingle bank". The Times. No. 58174. London. 17 May 1971. col D-E, p. 1. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "PB 3 coastal Patrol Craft (1958/1959) (1968-1969), Coastal forces, Republic of Korea Navy". Navypedia. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- ^ "Vandals believed to have sunk ship". The Times. No. 58214. London. 2 July 1971. col E-F, p. 2. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ a b c d "12 feared lost in series of collisions". The Times. No. 58216. London. 5 July 1971. col D, p. 6. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ a b "Belgian Merchant H-O" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 31 October 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)
- ^ "India and Banladesh Naval Battles". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ "India and Banladesh Naval Battles". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ "India and Banladesh Naval Battles". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ Mitchell, W H, and Sawyer, L A (1995). The Empire Ships. London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. not cited. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=
(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ HAM 308 in the German Wikipedia
- ^ "Hope abandoned for seamen trapped in wreck". The Times. No. 58255. London. 20 August 1971. col E, p. 5. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Schmid; 70 Quadratmeter großes Loch in der Bordwand; in: Wilhelmshavener Zeitung, 17. September 2011, p. 10. (German)
- ^ "British tanker in North Sea collision". The Times. No. 58264. London. 31 August 1971. col D, p. 5. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (V)
- ^ "CHANDA". Clydesite. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "British India Steam Navigation Company". The Ships List. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "War in the Indian Ocean". Googlebooks. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
- ^ Hazelhurst, Peter (25 September 1971). "British ship holed in Pakistan port by East Bengal frogemen". The Times. No. 58282. London. col A-B, p. 5. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ "Belgian Merchant P-Z" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 1 December 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Gatti, Carlo (April 2010). "The running aground and the shipwreck of the British cargo ship "London Valour"". Societa' Capitani e Macchinisti Navali – Camogli. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
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See also