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DNA Doe Project
Formation2017
FounderColleen Fitzpatrick (Co-Executive Director), Margaret Press (Co-Founder)
PurposeBody identification
HeadquartersSebastopol, California, United States
Location
  • United States
Volunteers
40+
Websitewww.dnadoeproject.org

DNA Doe Project (AKA DNA Doe Project, Inc. or DDP) is an American non-profit volunteer organization formed to identify unidentified deceased persons (commonly known as John Doe or Jane Doe) using forensic genealogy. Volunteers identify victims of automobile accidents, homicide, and unusual circumstances, and persons who committed suicide under an alias.[1] The group was founded in 2017 by Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick and Dr. Margaret Press.

History

Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick, who has her doctorate in physics, worked as a nuclear physicist with NASA and the US Department of Defense.[2] She was the founder of IdentiFinders, an organization that used Y-chromosomal testing to attempt to identify male killers in unsolved homicides.[2] IdentiFinders was also responsible for solving the identity of the unknown child on the Titanic.[3]

Dr. Margaret Press is a novelist who has also had careers in computer programming, speech, and language consulting.[4] She retired from computer programming in 2015 and relocated from Salem, Massachusetts to Sebastopol, California to live near family.[4] As a hobby, Press had begun working in genealogy in 2007, helping friends and acquaintances find relatives, as well as helping adoptees find their biological parents.[4] After reading Sue Grafton's novel "A" Is for Alibi, about a Jane Doe, Press planned to use research in family trees to identify unidentified homicide victims.[2]

In 2017 Fitzpatrick, Press and a small group of volunteers formed the volunteer-based, nonprofit DNA Doe Project (DDP) a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Sebastopol, California.[4] The two, along with many volunteers, use genetic and traditional genealogy sources in conjunction with DNA from unidentified victims to build family trees through GEDmatch, a free public DNA database. Through this process, they have been able to identify some persons in cold cases.[2]

In March 2018 the DNA Doe Project announced it had solved its first case, known for decades as the "Buckskin Girl." They identified her as Marcia Lenore Sossoman (King). Her father had died in 2018 a few months before the identification was made, but other family members gathered to commemorate Marcia Sossoman (King) when they unveiled a new gravestone bearing her name at her grave in Riverside Cemetery, Miami County, Ohio.[5]

Procedure

Typical steps

Each genetic genealogy case at the DNA Doe Project generally is conducted by the following steps:

  1. Acceptance of case from law enforcement
  2. Extraction of DNA sample (sometimes repeated if the first sample proves too degraded for analysis)
  3. Fundraising for DNA sequencing
  4. Sequencing of DNA sample
  5. Bioinformatics "translates" the DNA sequencing into a digital data file that is compatible with GEDmatch
  6. Uploading DNA data file to GEDmatch
  7. Genealogical analysis using GEDmatch and other tools
  8. Tentative identification of the Doe
  9. Law enforcement verifies identity, typically using fingerprints or a DNA sample provided by an immediate relative

Difficulties

Some of the difficulties the DNA Doe project encountered when using genetic genealogy to identify bodies have been:[6]

  • Adoptions into the family tree, which interrupt the genetic genealogy. Fitzpatrick described this as having to "solve a mystery to solve a mystery,"
  • Ethnicities for which there are not yet large DNA databases, such as Native American and African American. The Apache Junction Jane Doe found in Arizona in 1992 has not yet been identified for this reason.[7] It took extra time to identify Lyle Stevik. Both were believed to have at least some Native American ancestry.
  • Persons descended from or who are themselves recent immigrants to the United States, for whom there would not be ancestral genealogy records in the US. For example, Philadelphia Jane Doe is now thought to have had ancestors from Australia and Malta.
  • Intermarriage among related families (endogamy), making discernment of the lines of descent and individuals more difficult. Such families were encountered by researchers in the "Belle in the Well" and Stevik cases.
  • Amounts of DNA being too small for adequate testing, especially with difficult bone extractions. This status could require multiple extractions for a suitable sample.
  • Degraded DNA. This was a condition encountered in the Joseph Newton Chandler III case.

Cases

Solved cases

2018 Identifications

Marcia Lenore Sossoman (King), AKA "Buckskin Girl"

Main article: Murder of Marcia King

In 1981, police found a female murder victim in a ditch in Troy, Ohio. Because the victim was found wearing a distinctive buckskin coat, she was given the name "Buckskin Girl" as the investigation continued. For decades, authorities sought the woman's identity, but to no avail.[5][8]

At the 2017 American Academy of Forensic Sciences conference, Dr. Elizabeth Murray, an Ohio forensic anthropologist, met Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick and Margaret Press, founders of the DNA Doe Project, who discussed what genetic genealogy techniques could do for this case. The victim's body had long since been buried, but a vial of blood had been held in a lab for 37 years. The vial had not been refrigerated, however, resulting in the DNA becoming highly degraded, with only 50–75% of markers remaining. With the help of Greg Magoon, a senior researcher at Aerodyne Research, they were able to upload this DNA data to GEDmatch.[5][8]

From this point, the DNA Doe Project was able to identify the "Buckskin Girl," based on a very close DNA match (to a first cousin once removed).[9] Her name was Marcia Lenore Sossoman (King) from Arkansas, age 21 at the time of her death. DNA Doe Project volunteers provided law enforcement with the name of a close relative of King's who lived in Florida. This relative volunteered a DNA sample that confirmed Sossoman's identity. This sample proved to be a match.[5]

After 37 years, her mother was still living at the house where Sossoma had grown up. She had refused to move or change her phone number in hopes that her daughter might return or try to contact her.[5][8]

Lyle Stevik

Main article: Lyle Stevik

In September 2001, a man was found to have hanged himself in a motel in Amanda Park, Washington, a town on the Olympic Peninsula. The man had checked in as "Lyle Stevik," which appeared to be an alias. This name appeared drawn from "Lyle Stevick", a character in a Joyce Carol Oates's novel You Must Remember This (1987).

The Grays Harbor County Sheriff's Office spent countless hours in search of the man's true identity, but to no avail.[10][11][12][13]

In 2018, the DNA Doe Project took the case at the request of the County Sheriff's Office. In order to raise the funds required to complete the necessary DNA analysis, the DDP set up its first-ever "Doe Fund Me" campaign on behalf of the victim. The campaign was a quick success, as by this time "Stevik" had gained Internet fame among web sleuths. Adequate funds were raised within 24 hours. By 22 March 2018, DDP volunteers had obtained his DNA results and began analyzing through GEDMatch and related genetic genealogy research.[10][11][12][13]

After about 20 volunteers put hundreds of hours into the case, they found a candidate in a 25-year-old young man from California. Authorities contacted the man's family, who conclusively verified his identity using fingerprint samples taken in his childhood. The family has requested that Stevik's identity remain private.[10][11][12][13]

Robert Ivan Nichols, AKA Joseph Newton Chandler III

Main article: Joseph Newton Chandler III

Joseph Newton Chandler III, a resident of Eastlake, Ohio, committed suicide in his apartment on July 24, 2002. As authorities sought to identify his heirs, they discovered that his name and identity were fake. The real Joseph Newton Chandler III had died in a Sherman, Texas car accident at age eight on 21 December 1945. The suicide victim had stolen the boy's identity in 1978, while living in South Dakota. Authorities began a search for the man's true identity.[14][15][16][17][18]

Extracting DNA proved difficult, as the victim's remains had been cremated. In the year 2000, however, two years before his death, the victim had had a tissue sample taken for a medical treatment. Authorities obtained this sample, but genetic analysis of the sample using traditional law enforcement techniques yielded few clues. In 2016, authorities reached out to IdentiFinders, a company run by Dr. Colleen Fitzpatrick, for help. In examining the man's Y-DNA signature, they determined that his true last name was likely "Nicholas" or some variation.[14][16][15][17][18]

Chandler became the first case for the DDP. They analyzed the autosomal DNA[5] of the highly degraded sample of the man's DNA, which had been stored in paraffin for about 15 years. Despite the obstacles, and after over 2,500 hours of work,[2] the DDP researchers were able to conclusively determine in June 2018[16] that Joseph Newton Chandler III, was Robert Ivan Nichols, son of Silas and Alpha Nichols of New Albany, Indiana. This identification was verified when Robert's son, Phillip Nichols, volunteered a DNA sample, which proved to be a match.[14][16][15][17][18]

"Alfred Jake Fuller"

A man aged 40 to 46 was discovered in a hotel room, after having died on May 2, 2014, from what were determined to be natural causes.[19] He registered under the name "Alfred Jake Fuller" and provided a birth date of November 8, 1970. No records were found to match this information, leading investigators to speculate he used an alias. The man was estimated to be 5'10," at a weight of 255 pounds. He wore a short goatee and had curly brown hair. A blue "discoloration was on the left side of his face and a large nevus was in between his shoulders. His personal items included a prepaid Visa card and a "fugitive recovery agent" document. He was fully clothed and wore two pieces of jewelry on his neck.[6][20][21]

In 2018 the DNA Doe Project took on his case and was able to identify him that year. His family requested that his identity be withheld for privacy.[22]

Tracey Hobson

The extensively decomposed remains of a young female were found at the side of a freeway in the Santa Ana Canyon in Anaheim, Orange County on August 30, 1987. The victim's body had almost completely skeletonized at the time of discovery, although some fragments of soft tissue were still present upon the remains. The victim—originally called "Anaheim Jane Doe" and also known as Jane Doe 87-04092 EL—was a slender young woman who had medium-length light hair, estimated to have been between 15 and 19 years old when she died,[23] and was speculated to have been a teenage runaway.[24] Her hands had been cut off by her killer or killers, likely as a way to prevent identification via fingerprinting.[25]

At the crime scene, enough hair was found upon and near the body to determine that the decedent had either blond or light-brown hair, although no personal belongings beyond a red handkerchief were discovered with her remains. Her skull was forensically reconstructed by Shannon Collis in hopes of identifying the body, determining the decedent also had high cheekbones. One of her front teeth was slightly chipped, while three of her other teeth had visible cavities, and six molars were missing. She was estimated to be between five feet one to five feet four inches in height. It is believed that the victim had died approximately six weeks before her body was discovered, meaning she likely died in July 1987. She may possibly have died by repeated stab wounds to her chest area, as incisive damage to two of her ribs suggested.[26] Therefore, her death was ruled as a definite homicide.[27][28][29][30][31]

In 2018, the identity of Anaheim Jane Doe was established by the DNA Doe Project,[32] although due to the fact the case was an ongoing homicide investigation, her identity was not released to the media until January 2019. The decedent was 20-year-old resident of Anaheim named Tracey Coreen Hobson.[6][25][33][34]

Dana Lynn Dodd, AKA "Lavender Doe"

Main article: Murder of Dana Dodd

On October 29, 2006, the badly burned body of a female aged 17 to 25 was discovered in Kilgore, Texas. The victim's cause of death remained undetermined, yet the manner of death was ruled a homicide due to the fact that the body was set on fire deliberately and the victim had been raped.[35] A long term person of interest in the case confessed to the murder in August of 2018, leading him to be charged with her death.[36]

The DNA Doe Project took the case in 2018.[37][38] In January, it was announced that the organization had made a tentative identification in the case, which would not be released until the suspect's trial concluded.[39] Despite this, Dodd's identity was released on February 11, 2019. She was 21 and last seen in Jacksonville, Florida.[40]

2019 Identifications

Darlene Wilson Norcross

On March 7, 2015, skeletal remains of a white female were located near Tylersville Road in West Chester, Butler County, Ohio. The decedent was examined and estimated to be between 35 and 60 years old at the time of her death, which occurred as early as the fall of 2014. She had unique dental work, including implants. Her DNA did not match any profiles in national databases. In March 2019 she was identified as Darlene Wilson Norcross.[41] The cause, time and manner of her death are still undetermined.[42]

Annie Lehman AKA "Annie Doe"

On August 19, 1971, the skeleton of a female aged 14 to 25 was discovered in Cave Junction, Oregon. She was white with reddish-colored hair, which was frosted blond. She was between 5'2" and 5'9" at around 125 pounds. She had slightly protruding upper front teeth and had some fillings in her teeth. Some debris was noted to partially conceal the remains, which were found near the border with California. A hunting knife with deer blood was near the bones.[43]

The decedent wore a checked pink and beige coat, a turtleneck shirt, 34B bra, blue and white underwear, Wrangler jeans and brown heeled shoes. She had several pieces of jewelry, one being a ring with the letters "AL" scratched into the mother of pearl stone. She also carried 38 cents, the oldest coin dated 1970.[44]

She was reported as wearing a New Zealand-made bra. DNA links were established with New Zealand and Sussex in the United Kingdom by the DNA Doe Project in 2018.[45][46]

Additionally, a map of northern California campgrounds was found in one of her pockets.[47]

The DNA Doe Project began work on the case in 2018 and through collaboration with NCMEC and NamUs, "Annie Doe" was identified as 16- to 17-year-old Anne Marie Lehmen in March 2019, who was coincidentally known by the nickname "Annie" when alive.[48][49]

Mary Edith Silvani AKA "Washoe County Jane Doe"

Main article: Murder of Mary Silvani

The body of a woman aged between 25 and 35 was found by hikers on July 17, 1982 in Sheep Flats, Washoe County, Nevada.The woman had been shot in the back of the head as she was bending over, possibly to tie her shoes. The bullet hole on her head had been covered with men's underwear.

The victim wore a light yellow pair of tennis shoes, a sleeveless blue shirt, jeans with a blue bikini bottom in its pocket and a blue swimsuit underneath. The shirt had been sold at stores in California , Washington and Oregon.

At her autopsy, a vaccination scar was located on her left arm, another on her abdomen. In addition, one of her toenails had a large bruise underneath.Evidence from the style of dental work she had received indicated that she may have lived in Europe at some point during life, although this theory has been disproved.The woman had hazel eyes, was around five feet five inches in height, weighed 112 pounds, and had brown hair tied back in a bun. 231 people have been ruled out as possible identities of the decedent.

In July 2018 it was announced that she had been tentatively identified by the DNA Doe Project.

In September 2018 her identity was confirmed by the Washoe County Sheriff's Office. However the Sheriff's Office withheld further information due to an ongoing homicide investigation.

In May 2019 it was announced that Washoe County Jane Doe is 33-year-old Mary Edith Silvani who grew up in the Detroit area and moved to California.

Ongoing cases

Following is a chart of the DNA Doe Project's ongoing cases, along with an indication of where each case is in the process:

Name Date Remains were Found Place Remains were Found Status
John Clinton Doe / Rock County John Doe[50] 26 November 1995 Bradford Township, Rock County, Wisconsin Tentatively identified[51][52]
Belle in the Well / Chesapeake Jane Doe[5] 22 April 1981 Windsor Township, Lawrence County, Ohio Genealogical analysis[53][54]
Mill Creek Shed Man[5] 12 January 2015 Mill Creek, Snohomish County, Washington Genealogical analysis[55][56]
Ventura County Jane Doe[57] 18 July 1980 Westlake, Ventura County, California Genealogical analysis[38][58]
St. Tammany Parish John Doe 29 July 2016 St Tammany Parish, Louisiana Genealogical analysis[38][59]
Apache Junction Jane Doe[60] 6 August 1992 Apache Junction, Pinal County, Arizona Genealogical analysis[61]
Kings County Jane Doe 13 May 2015 Corcoran, Kings County, California Genealogical analysis[62]
Philadelphia Jane Doe 10 December 2017 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Genealogical analysis[38][63]
Phoenix Jane Doe 4 October 1997 Phoenix, Arizona Genealogical analysis[38][64]
New Britain Jane Doe[65] 11 October 1991 New Britain, Hartford County, Connecticut Genealogical analysis[38][66]
Cumberland County Jane Doe 22 May 2015 Portland, Maine Genealogical analysis[38][67]
Pillar Point Doe / San Mateo County Doe 26 November 1983 Half Moon Bay, California Genealogical analysis[68]
Flathead County John Doe / Marion John Doe 26 October 2003 Marion, Flathead County, Montana Genealogical analysis[38][69]
Mecklenberg County Jane Doe 17 March 2011 Charlotte, Mecklenberg County, North Carolina Genealogical analysis[38][70]
Julie Doe[71] 25 September 1988 Clermont, Lake County, Florida Enrichment[38][72]
Kern County Jane Doe[57] 14 July 1980 Kern County, California Data evaluation[38][73]
Simpson County Jane Doe 9 October 2001 Franklin, Kentucky Data evaluation[38][74]
Wayne County Jane Doe / Harper Jane Doe 10 February 1987 Detroit, Michigan Bioinformatics[38][75]
Alachua County John Doe 13 February 1979 Alachua County, Florida Sequencing[38][76]
Carson City Jane Doe 17 March 2015 Carson City, Nevada Sequencing[38][77]
Orange Socks 31 October 1979 Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas Sequencing[38][78]
Vernon County Jane Doe 4 May 1984 Vernon County, Wisconsin Sequencing[38][79]
Kingsport John Doe 14 June 2003 Dandridge, Jefferson County, Tennessee Further extraction required[38][80]
Lime Lady 18 April 1980 Jones, Oklahoma Further extraction required[38]
Rebel Ray 3 October 1988 Williamson County, Texas Further extraction required[38][81]
Corona Girl 25 September 1989 Williamson County, Texas Further extraction required[38][82]
Johnson County John Does 11 December 1972 Johnson County, Texas Extraction complete[38][83]
Barron County John Doe 3 December 2017 Barron County, Wisconsin Extraction complete[38][84]
Birchwood John Doe 28 August 2006 Hamilton County, Tennessee Extraction[38][85]
Plainview Jane Doe 16 February 1982 near Plainview, Texas Extraction[38][86]
Marion County Jane Doe 10 March 2007 Marion, Nevada Extraction[38][87]
Pulaski County Jane Doe 25 May 1981 Dixon, Pulaski County, Missouri Extraction[38][88]
Tom Green County John Doe 15 November 1987 Tom Green County, Texas Extraction[38][89]
Harris County John Doe 9 August 1973 Houston, Harris County, Texas Extraction[38][90]
Clark County John Doe 26 August 1979 Buffalo Cave, Dubois, Clark County, Idaho Extraction[38][91]
Beckler River Road Jane Doe[92] 10 Oct 2009 Skykomish, Washington Stalled (insufficient/contaminated DNA)[38]
Sultan Basin Road John Doe[93] 10 April 2007 Sultan, Washington Stalled (insufficient/contaminated DNA)[38]

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  85. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP8189". NAMUS. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
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  87. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP4725". NAMUS. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  88. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP10222". NAMUS. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  89. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP4085". NAMUS. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  90. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP4547". NAMUS. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  91. ^ "Unidentified Person / NamUs #UP13310". NAMUS. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  92. ^ "NamUs #UP6599". www.namus.gov. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  93. ^ "NamUs #UP2886". www.namus.gov. 13 December 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

Template:Unidentified decedent

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