Kirkuk Governorate
Kirkuk Governorate
محافظة كركوك پارێزگای کەرکووک | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 35°22′N 44°8′E / 35.367°N 44.133°E | |
Country | Iraq (Disputed territory) |
Capital | Kirkuk |
Area | |
• Total | 9,679 km2 (3,737 sq mi) |
Population (2017) | |
• Total | 1,259,561 |
HDI (2017) | 0.677[1] medium |
Kirkuk Governorate (Arabic: محافظة كركوك Muḥāfaẓat Karkūk, Kurdish: پارێزگای کەرکووک Parêzgay Kerkûk, Syriac: ܟܪܟ ܣܠܘܟ Karḵ Sloḵ, Turkish: Kerkük ili) or Kirkuk Province is a governorate in northern Iraq. The governorate has an area of 9,679 square kilometres (3,737 sq mi). In 2017 the estimated population was 1,259,561 people.[2] The provincial capital is the city of Kirkuk. It is divided into four districts.
From 1976 to 2006, it was named At-Ta'mim Governorate, which means "Nationalization" and refers to the national ownership of the regional oil and natural gas reserves. Prior to 1976 it had been named Kirkuk Governorate. In 2006,[citation needed] the name "Kirkuk Governorate" was restored.
Governorate government
- Governor: Dr. Najmaldin Karim[3]
- Provincial Council Chairman (PCC): Rebwar Talabani[4]
Districts
District | Total population, 2006 |
---|---|
Dibis | 34,254 |
Daquq | 40,237 |
Hawija | 450,267 |
Kirkuk | 402,249 |
Demographics
Kirkuk Governorate borders were altered;[when?] the Kurdish dominated districts were added to Erbil and Sulaymaniya Governorates. the Arab districts were added to Kirkuk province. Turkmen villages were added to Diyala and Saladin Governorates.[5]
Due to the Arabization policies of the Ba'ath party the number of Arabs in official censuses increased fivefold within 40 years, however the most reliable data indicative of the ethnic breakdown of the governorate are those of the 1957 census.[6] The number of Kurds remained relatively constant from 1957 until 1977, decrease in their numbers coincides with the Arabization process in the 1990s.[7] The Turkmens were seriously affected by the Ba'ath changing Kirkuk borders their percentage fell from 21% to 7%.
Starting from 1977, 2,000 Christians (Assyrians) were registered as Arabs. From the end of the Gulf War to 1999, about 11,000 Kurdish families were deported from Kirkuk.[8][9] Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, 100,000 Kurds have settled in the city of Kirkuk[10] and these numbers are steadily increasing.
Census results for Kirkuk Governorate[6] | ||||||||
Mother tongue | 1957 | Percentage | 1977 | Percentage | 1997 | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | 109,620 | 28% | 218,755 | 45% | 544,596 | 72% | ||
Kurdish | 187,593 | 48% | 184,875 | 38% | 155,861 | 21% | ||
Turkish | 83,371 | 21% | 80,347 | 17% | 50,099 | 7% | ||
Syriac | 1,605 | 0.4% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
Hebrew | 123 | 0.003% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
Other | 6,545 | 1.77% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
Total | 388,829 | 483,977 | 752,745 |
A report by the International Crisis Group points out that figures from 1977 and 1997 censuses "are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation" because Iraqi citizens were only allowed to indicate belonging to either the Arab or Kurdish ethnic groups;[11] consequently, this skewed the number of other ethnic minorities, such as Iraq's third largest ethnic group – the Iraqi Turkmen.[11]
See also
- 2009 Kirkuk governorate election
- Arabization and Kurdification
- Disputed territories of Northern Iraq
References
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
- ^ Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, Iraq
- ^ https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/iraqi-forces-seize-kirkuk-from-kurdish-fighters-1.667553
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Dagher, Sam (25 April 2008). "Can the U.N. avert a Kirkuk border war?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
- ^ a b Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 43, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2
- ^ Anderson, Liam D.; Stansfield, Gareth R. V. (2009), Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 44, ISBN 0-8122-4176-2
- ^ "An ancient tragedy". The Economist. 20 February 1999. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd#ref966597
- ^ http://www.themilitant.com/2005/6912/691204.html
- ^ a b "Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2008. p. 16. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
External links
- Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit