Hurricanes in Hispaniola
 | This article, Hurricanes in Hispaniola, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
Reviewer tools: Inform author |
Hispaniola is an island in the Caribbean, with the second largest size throughout all of the Caribbean. Throughout the centuries, since reliable records began, hundreds of hurricanes and tropical cyclones have affected Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the two countries that share the island. The most recent tropical cyclone to affect Hispaniola was Hurricane Laura in August 2020.
Pre 1900s
August 9, 1899 - The 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane brushes the north Dominican Republic coast as a Category 3 with 120 mph winds.
1900s
1960s
- October 3, 1963 - Hurricane Flora makes landfall in Sud as a Category 4 hurricane with 150 mph (240 km/h) winds.
- August 24, 1964 - Hurricane Cleo makes landfall in the Tiburon Peninsula at peak intensity with 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, dropping heavy rain.
- September 29, 1966 - Hurricane Inez makes landfall in the Barahona Province of the Dominican Republic before briefly moving off Haiti and the Dominican Republic and then struck Haiti near Jacmel.
- September 11, 1967 - Hurricane Beulah makes landfall in the Barahona Province, impacting places still recovering from Hurricane Inez a year prior with 90 mph (145 km/h) winds.
1970s
- October 8, 1970 - Tropical Depression Fifteen tracks over the Dominican Republic.
- September 17, 1975 - Hurricane Eloise makes landfall in the northern Dominican Republic as a Category 1.
- July 19, 1979 - Tropical Storm Claudette passes over the Dominican Republic as a tropical depression.
- August 31, 1979 - Hurricane David makes landfall as an extremely powerful Category 5 hurricane with 175 mph (280 km/h) winds.
- September 6, 1979 - Hurricane Frederic makes landfall in the same areas impacted by David just days earlier as a tropical storm.
1980s
- August 5, 1980 - Hurricane Allen weakens to a Category 4 hurricane south of Haiti, bringing high winds and heavy rainfall.
- December 24, 1984 - Hurricane Lili dissipates north of the Dominican Republic, bringing rainfall.
- September 23, 1987 - Hurricane Emily makes landfall in between Barahona and Baní, Dominican Republic as a strong Category 2 hurricane with 110 mph (175 km/h) winds.
- August 25, 1988 - Tropical Storm Chris makes landfall in the Dominican Republic as a tropical depression.
- September 11, 1988 - Hurricane Gilbert passes south of Hispaniola while rapidly intensifying.
1990s
- June 1, 1993 - Tropical Depression One moves through the central Bahamas, dropping heavy rain in Haiti from rain bands.
- August 16, 1993 - Tropical Storm Cindy makes landfall in the Dominican Republic as a tropical depression.
- September 10, 1996 - Hurricane Hortense moves through the Mona Passage, possibly making landfall in the Southern Dominican Republic.
- September 22, 1998 - Hurricane Georges makes landfall in the Dominican Republic with 120 (190 km/h) mph winds, causing more than $1.2 billion dollars and killing 589 people. In Santo Domingo, strong winds destroyed 112 homes, toppling many homes, and floods damages one of the Dominican Republic's only major airports. Throughout the entire country 55 percent of the agricultural system had been destroyed while 90 percent of the plantation crop had been destroyed. Overall damage to the agriculture in Dominican Republic. [1][2]
2000s
- August 23, 2000 - Hurricane Debby moves north of Hispaniola, forcing dozens of families to evacuate. High waves, heavy rainfall, and storm surge did do moderate damages to buildings. In the town of Salcedo approximately 23 square miles (60 km) of banana crops were lost to the storm. [3][4]
- September 24, 2002 - Hurricane Lili passes to the southwest of the Tiburon Peninsula as a dissipating tropical storm, dropping heavy rainfall. Near the town of Camp-Perrin there was almost 16 inches (410 mm) of rain, making it the 4th wettest tropical cyclone in Haiti, overflowing Ravine du Sud River, ending up submerging buildings. Overall the storm killed 4 people.[5][6]
- December 6, 2003 - Tropical Storm Odette makes landfall in the Jaragua National Park with winds around 60 mph (95 km/h), though winds were relatively light with a peak gust of 60 mph (95 km/h) in Santo Domingo. It also dropped heavy rain, with a peak of 9.07 inches (230 mm) causing mudslides and floods. Overall Tropical Storm Odette caused $8 million dollars in damage and killed 10 (2 indirect), and injuring another 14.[7][8]
- September 17, 2004 - Hurricane Jeanne almost stalls north of Hispaniola for several days, dropping heavy rainfall. In the northern mountains of Haiti, up to 13 inches (330 mm) causing major flooding and huge mudslides. In the coastal town of Gonaïves around 80,000 of the towns 100,000 residents were affected. In neighboring Dominican Republic there was also major flooding, causing more than $270 million dollars in damage and killing over 2 dozen people. Overall Hurricane Jeanne killed 3,000+ people, with 3,006 of them in Gonaïves and injured 5,000+ people in Hispaniola and caused $270+ million dollars in damage.[9][10][11]
- October 23, 2005 - Tropical Storm Alpha makes landfall near Barahona, though causing most damages in Haiti. Most of the damages in Haiti were confined to Ouest, Sud-Est, and Grand'Anse. There, up to 7.9 inches (201 mm) caused mudslides and flooding. Overall in Haiti around 243 houses were destroyed and 191 were damaged and 17 were killed, while in the Dominican Republic around nine were killed, finally totaling up to 26 deaths.[12][13][14]
- August 28, 2006 - Hurricane Ernesto passes just to the southwest of the Tiburon Peninsula, dropping heavy rainfall throughout all of Hispaniola. On the island of La Gonave alone around 13 homes were destroyed as almost 11 inches of rain fell. Overall in Haiti throughout the rest of Haiti another 59 homes were damaged, with 6 of them destroyed and a total of 5 people were killed. Also, in the Dominican Republic around 400 houses were flooded, forcing an evacuation of 1,600 people.[15][16]
- October 29, 2007 - Hurricane Noel passes over Haiti as a weaking tropical storm, dropping very heavy rainfall and becoming the second wettest tropical cyclone to ever impact Haiti as it dropped 25.78 inches (654.8 mm) of rain. In Haiti around 3,252 families were impacted as five days of rainfall caused severe flooding and large mudslides. Overall in Haiti around 73 people were killed while another 17 were reported missing as of December 17, 2007. In addition to that 7,500 people were displaced and 107 were injured. Meanwhile in neighboring Dominican Republic the heaviest rainfall was around 21.65 inches (550 mm), having many rivers overflow their banks, which most of the time ended up with houses filling up with water, leaving almost 65,000 people homeless. Overall the storm killed 160 people, injured 100+ people, and left around 59 people missing.[17][18]
- December 11, 2007 - Tropical Storm Olga makes landfall near Punta Cana with winds around 60 (95 km/h) mph, dropping heavy rainfall. The heavy rainfall led to flooding of the Yaque del Norte River, and initially opposing a threat to the Bao-Tavera Dams and that it could fail, maybe killing thousands of people in the Santiago Province, so they released all six floodgates, releasing 1.6 million gallons of water and creating a 66 feet tall wave, catching many people off guard as it was the middle of the night, killing 35 and leaving homes in seven towns flooded. Overall the storm killed 39 people and caused $45 million dollars in damage ($1.5 billion DRP;$56 million 2020 USD). [19][20]
- August 15, 2008 - Tropical Storm Fay (2008) makes landfall in the Dominican Republic shortly after strengthening into a tropical storm, dropping heavy rainfall over the region which caused flooding, cancelling flights in and out of the region. In all 4 people were killed in the Dominican Republic. In Haiti winds damaged crops including the rice field and banana crop. 10 people were killed in Haiti. Overall 14 people were killed in Hispaniola. [21][22]
- August 26, 2008 - Hurricane Gustav makes landfall as a minimal hurricane in Haiti around 10 miles away from the town of Jacmel, causing large mudslides. In the Dominican Republic a landslide killed 8 people and injured 2 others. Also in the Dominican Republic there was a reported 1,239 damaged homes, and 12 destroyed homes. Over in Haiti, in Jacmel, lots of the town was flooded. In a community called Benet, a landslide killed one person. Overall the storm killed 85 people, destroyed 2,112 homes, and damaged another 9,189.[23][24]
- September 3, 2008 - Hurricane Hanna (2008) slowly moves north of Haiti, dropping up to a foot of rain in already saturated ground from Hurricane Gustav and Tropical Storm Fay (2008). The heavy rain caused very large mudslides and in the town of Gonaïves, which was also hard hit during Hurricane Jeanne, was flooded with up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) of water. By September 4, the Haitian government reported up to 529 deaths, as people started to evacuate to shelters during the aftermath and people even slept on their roofs to protect themselves from looters. Bridges in and out of Gonavïes were also destroyed, limiting transportation.[25][26]
2010s
- November 5, 2010 - Hurricane Tomas becomes a hurricane just miles away from Haiti, flooding one of Haiti's largest refugee camps after the 2010 Haiti earthquake caused major damage and killed more than 200,000 people. Tropical storm winds buffed lots of the region too, causing damage. By the time evening came on November 8, 20 people were confirmed dead and 30,000 people were in shelters. Overall 35 people were killed. [27][28][29]
- August 22, 2011 - Hurricane Irene moves just north of Hispaniola as a Category 1 hurricane, producing gales and rainfall. In the Dominican Republic the highest reported winds were in Cibao, downing trees and power poles. Swollen rivers flooded homes and buildings as Irene dropped rain all over the region. In San Cristóbal a bride collapsed because of heavy rainfall saturating the soil. Overall 2,929 households were affected, with 16 damaged beyond repair, 8 people were killed, and damage was $1 billion DRP ($30 million USD).[30][31][32]
- August 25, 2012 - Hurricane Isaac makes landfall in Haiti with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds, causing floods and strong winds. As many as 5,000 people were evacuated in Haiti from there tents as entire camps collapsed from wind and rain. The President, Michel Martelly cancelled his trip to Japan so he coordinate disaster efforts. Agricultural damage in Haiti accounted up to $242 million dollars in damage while damage to the electrical infrastructure was around $7.9 million ($336 million gourdes) dollars in damage and 24 people were killed, with some reports up to 29 deaths. In the Dominican Republic 5 people were killed and there were some reports of power outages. Overall Hurricane Isaac caused $280 million dollars in damage and killed 29 people in Hispaniola. [33][34][35]
- October 25, 2012 - Hurricane Sandy passes offshore while smashing Cuba, dropping more than four days of rainfall on Hispaniola, causing large mudslides and major flooding. Tents and buildings all over Haiti in refugee camps were flooded, almost like what Hurricane Isaac had done earlier that year. Crops were also severely damage or destroyed all over Haiti, making the country sign an appeal for emergency aid. In Port-au-Prince, major damages occurred after flooding from heavy rains and it was reported that "the whole south part of the country is under water". Overall there was $780 million dollars in damage and 56 deaths. [36][37][38]
- August 3, 2014 - Hurricane Bertha (2014) moves through the Mona Passage, dropping heavy rain which peaked at 4.7 inches in Bayaguana. Following the formation of Tropical Storm Bertha the Ministry of Public Works and Communications in the Dominican Republic activated emergency operations. Also, the rains in the Dominican Republic caused significant flooding, especially near the Soco River. [39][40]
- August 28, 2015 - Tropical Storm Erika's remnants make landfall in the Dominican Republic, dropping intense rains. At one station in Barahona they reported 24.26 (616 mm) inches of rain, with 8.8 (220 mm) inches in just one hour, though surrounding areas did not report rain as intense. In Azua gusts got up to 50 mph, causing damage to banana crops. Overall Tropical Storm Erika caused $8.91 million ($400 DRP) dollars in damage and killed 5 people. [41][42]
- August 1, 2016 - Hurricane Earl's precursor moves south of the Dominican Republic, causing strong winds and heavy rainfall, triggering mudslides. In northeastern Nagua, winds knocked a power line onto a bus which ended triggering a fire which killed six people and injured another 12. In Samaná Bay a boat with 9 excursionists flipped over, of the 9 people only a woman and the captain were found alive. Overall 13 people were killed. [43][44]
- October 4, 2016 - Hurricane Matthew makes landfall in Haiti with powerful and extremely dangerous winds that were clocked at more than 150 mph (240 km/h), causing destruction all over the Tiburon Peninsula in southwestern Haiti. In southern spots of Haiti there was from 20 to even 40 inches (510 - 1,020 mm), causing huge mudslides and major floods. UNOSAT reported that 1.125 million people were affected by hurricane-force winds (74 mph+, 119 km/h+) while in Ouest, a department in Haiti which holds the capital of Port-au-Prince, reported that nearly four million people had winds in excess of 37 mph (60 km/h). Storm surge from Hurricane Matthew were estimated at 9.8 feet (3 meters), flooded at least 11 municipalities. Overall damage was $2.8 billion dollars and there were 546 deaths, though it was initially reported as high as 1,600 people. [45][46][47]
- September 7, 2017 - Hurricane Irma moves north of Hispaniola, dropping heavy rainfall and strong winds. In the Dajabón River a bridge connecting the two country's of Haiti and the Dominican Republic fell down because of winds and rains. In Nagua high waves from Irma caused damage and sometimes even destroyed buildings. 55,000 soldiers were deployed to the Dominican Republic to help with recovery efforts and by late September 7 the government had counted 2,721 damaged homes. In Haiti heavy rainfall caused up to one meter of flooding and mudslides which destroyed homes and crops. [48][49]
- September 22, 2017 - Hurricane Maria moves north of Hispaniola as a major hurricane, causing heavy rainfall and strong winds which triggered mudslides. At it's peak around 60,000 people were without power. The heavy rainfall caused by Maria caused floods and mudslides, blocking roads and isolated 38 communities. Five people were killed in the Dominican Republic; four were killed when floods sweeper them away and one was killed by a mudslide. In Haiti three deaths were reported, one was a 45 year old man that was killed by trying to cross a river in the commune of Limbe which is in the department of Nord while the other was a man and a women in the commune of Cornillon; their deaths remains unknown. Overall damage was $63 million dollars ($3 billion DRP) and eight people were killed. [50][51]
- July 12, 2018 - Hurricane Beryl's remnants hit the Dominican Republic with heavy rain, taking out power to 130,000 people along with the entire capital of Santo Domingo. In San Cristóbal Province heavy rain flooded 700 homes along with a newly opened hospital. Also in San Cristóbal strong winds collapsed walls in two schools. 75 aqueducts were also knocked out of service through the entire country and around 8,000 people were left homeless in the country. Overall 1,586 homes were damaged by floods along with four destroyed homes. [52][53]
2020s
- July 30, 2020 - Hurricane Isaias makes landfall on the southern coast of the Dominican Republic. One person is killed in the Dominican Republic due to a downed wire. [54]
- August 23, 2020 - Hurricane Laura passes over Hispaniola. Four people were killed in the Dominican Republic, while 31 were killed in Haiti. Laura also caused more than 100,000 people to lose power in the Dominican Republic. Downed trees and flooding were reported in both countries. [55][56]
Climatology
| Month | Number of Storms |
|---|---|
| June | |
| July | |
| August | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December | |
| Overall |
| Period | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1960s | |
| 1970s | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s | |
| Overall |
Wettest Storms
The following is a list of the wettest tropical cyclones in Hispaniola.
| Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | mm | in | |||
| 1 | 1,447.8 | 57.00 | Flora 1963 | Miragoâne | |
| 2 | 905.0 | 35.63 | Noel 2007 | Polo Barahona | |
| 3 | 604.5 | 23.80 | Matthew 2016 | Anse-á-Veau | |
| 4 | 598.0 | 23.54 | Cleo 1964 | Polo | |
Deadly Storms
The following are a list of Atlantic hurricanes that caused fatalities in Hispaniola.
| Name | Year | Number of Deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Hurricane Jeanne | 2004 | 3,008 |
| Hurricane David | 1979 | 2,000 |
| Hurricane Georges | 1998 | 589 |
| Hurricane Matthew | 2016 | 546 |
| Hurricane Hanna | 2008 | 529 |
| Hurricane Noel | 2007 | 219 (59 missing) |
| Hurricane Gustav | 2008 | 93 |
| Hurricane Sandy | 2012 | 56 (21 missing) |
| Tropical Storm Olga | 2007 | 39 (35 indirect) |
| Hurricane Laura | 2020 | 35 |
| Hurricane Tomas | 2010 | 35 |
| Hurricane Isaac | 2012 | 29 |
| Tropical Storm Alpha | 2005 | 26 |
| Tropical Storm Fay | 2008 | 14 |
| Hurricane Earl | 2016 | 13 (6 indirect) |
| Tropical Storm Odette | 2003 | 10 (2 indirect) |
See also
- List of Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)
- List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
- List of Cuba hurricanes
References
- ^ "Georges tears across Dominican Republic". cnn.com. September 22, 1998.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ USAID (September 30, 1998). "Caribbean, Dominican Republic, Haiti-Hurricane Georges Fact Sheet #6". reliefweb.int.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ abcnews (January 7, 2006). "Debby Downgraded to Tropical Storm". abcnews.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The Reuters (August 22, 2000). "Tropical Storm Debby Bearing Down on the Carribean". latimes.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Norton, Micheal (October 4, 2002). "Hurricane Lil kills up to 12 people". the intelligencer.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Deseret News (October 6, 2002). "Hurricane Lili's toll reaches 12 after Haiti adds another 4 deaths". deseret.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Odette drenches Dominican Republic". CNN.com. December 7, 2003.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Odette kills 10, hurts 15 in Dominican Republic". Orlando Sentinel. December 9, 2003.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Jeanne crashes into Haiti". history.co.uk. September 23, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Garcia-Navarro, Lulu. "Haiti Still Struggling to Recover from Hurricane Jeanne". National Public Radio.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Jeanne hits Dominican Republic, thousands flee homes". theitem.com. September 16, 2004.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Haiti suffers a direct hit from Tropical Storm Alpha". haitiaction.net. October 23, 2005.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The Reuters (October 23, 2005). "Tropical Storm Alpha hits Dominican Republic, Haiti". nytimes.com.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "8 Killed By Tropical Storm Alpha". cbsnews. October 24, 2005.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Estrada, Cristina (September 18, 2006). "Ernesto wreaks havoc in southern Haiti". ifrc.org.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ernesto Downgraded to Tropical Storm". cbsnews. August 27, 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "20 dead as tropical Storm Noel lashes Dominican Republic". cbc.ca. October 29, 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical storm Noel hits Dominican Republic and Haiti". relief web. November 6, 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Dominican Republic: Tropical Storm Olga". reliefweb. December 14, 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Manuel Jimenez (December 13, 2007). "Tropical Storm Olga kills 22 in Caribbean". reuters.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Fay forms over Dominican Republic". reuters. August 15, 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Fay Public Advisory 3". reliefweb. August 16, 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ DPA (August 26, 2008). "Hurricane Gustav makes landfall in Southern Haiti". reliefweb.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Joseph Guyler Delva (August 26, 2008). "Hurricane Gustav hits Haiti and takes aim at Gulf". u.k.reuters.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Jason Beaubien (September 7, 2008). "Haiti Is Struck By Hanna". National Public Radio.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ metrowebukmetro (September 5, 2008). "Hurricane Hanna devastates Haiti". metro.co.uk.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Fatal floods as Hurricane Tomas sweeps over Haiti". BBCNEWS. November 6, 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ CNN Wire Staff (November 5, 2010). "Hurricane Tomas lashes already devastated Haiti". CNN.com.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Fatal floods as Hurricane Tomas sweeps over Haiti". BBC.news. November 6, 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Ezequiel Abiu Lopez (August 22, 2011). "Hurricane Irene heads towards Hispaniola and US". The San Diego Union Tribune.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Ezra Fieser (August 23, 2011). "Hurricane Irene lashes Dominican Republic, heads for Bahamas, US". csmonitor.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Dominican Republic braced for Hurricane Irene". bbc.com. August 22, 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Carlisle Jno Baptiste (August 23, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac takes aim at Hispaniola". seattletimes.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Susana Ferreira (August 24, 2012). "Tropical Storm Isaac drenches Haiti, swipes Cuba". reuters.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Isaac bears down on Haiti". aljazeera.com. August 25, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Armin Rosen (October 31, 2012). "The Other Hurricane Sandy: The Storms Impact in Haiti". theatlantic.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Haiti: Hundreds of thousands of people affected by Hurricane Sandy". unocha.org. November 2, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "UN relief agency estimate 1.8 million Haitians have been affected by Hurricane Sandy". un.org. November 2, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Tropical Storm Bertha slams Dominican Republic". cbsnews.com. August 3, 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Ken Kaye (August 2, 2014). "Tropical Storm Bertha moving over Dominican Republic". sun-sentinel.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Over 7,300 Displaced in Dominican Republic Amid Tropical Storm Erika". dominicantoday. August 29, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Richard Angwin (August 29, 2015). "Tropical Storm Erika hits Hispaniola". aljazeera.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Alessandro Masoero (August 4, 2016). "Carribean and Central America- Floods in Dominican Republic, Hurricane Earl hits Belize". floodlist.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Associated Press (August 2, 2016). "Tropical Storm Earl forms after killing 6 in Dominican Republic (w/tracking map)". tampabay.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Azam Ahmed (October 6, 2016). "Hurricane Matthew Makes Old Problems Worse for Haitians". nytimes.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Matthew: Haiti storm disaster kills hundreds". bbcnews. October 7, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Matthew: Haiti south '90% destroyed'". bbcnews. October 8, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Haiti spared the worst of Hurricane Irma, but still wary of flooding". efe.com. September 8, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Associated Press (2017). "Irma Flods in Dominican Republic; Haiti is next". courthousenews.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Maria lashes Dominican Republic with heavy rain, high winds". globalnews. September 21, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Hurricane Maria moving north of Dominican Republic". dakotanewsnow.com. September 21, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Pam Wright (July 11, 2018). "Beryl Knocks Out Power, Floods Homes Still Recovering From Last Year's Hurricanes". weather.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Dominican Republic: Tropical Storm Beryl Leaves Thousands Displaced, Without Water, Power". telesurenglish.net. July 18, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Isías: one death, damage to agro in Dominican Republic". dominicantoday.com. July 31, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Jacqueline Charles, Jake Kincaid, Syra Ortiz-Blanes, and Nora Gàmez Torres (August 23, 2020). "Death and destruction in Haiti, Dominican Republic as Tropical Storm Laura batters Carribean". miamiherald.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The Associated Press and Dánica Coto (August 23, 2020). "Tropical Storm Laura Brings Heavy Downpours to Hispaniola, Puerto Rico". nbcmiami.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)