1744 English cricket season: Difference between revisions

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1744 was the 48th English cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-a-side match was played. The earliest known codification of the Laws of Cricket dates from this year as do the two earliest surviving match scorecards. Details have survived of 20 significant eleven-a-side and three single wicket matches.

Laws of Cricket

Although there are examples of surviving Articles of Agreement between teams from as early as the 1727 season, no written Laws of Cricket exist from before 1744. The first Laws were codified during the year by the members of the London Cricket Club, based at the Artillery Ground, although they were not typeset until 1752 in New Universal Magazine as "The Game at Cricket, as settled by the Cricket-Club, in 1744, and play’d at the Artillery Ground, London". The Laws were first published as a pamphlet, titled "The Game at Cricket, as Settled by the Several Cricket-Clubs, Particularly That of the Star and Garter in Pall-Mall", in 1755.^[1]^[2]^[3] Five Laws were included in the original code.^[3]^[4]

The Laws establish a general set of conditions under which the sport should be played, including the dimensions of the pitch, number of balls per over and the role of umpires.^[3]^[5] A copy of the original Laws, printed on the edges of a linen handkerchief, is held in the MCC museum at Lord's.^[1]^[6]^[7]

Earliest known scorecards

The season is notable for the two earliest known surviving match scorecards. The first, containing individual scores but no details of dismissals, is from a match between London and Slindon on 2 June. Just over a fortnight later the scorecard from a match between Kent and an England XI at the Artillery Ground survives dated 18 June. This became the first entry in Arthur Haygarth's Scores & Biographies, although he had the date wrong. It is not until the 1772 season that more scorecards of top-class matches have survived, although a handful of cards from minor matches have been found.

The scorecard from the London – Slindon match was kept by the Duke of Richmond at Goodwood House.^[8] It gives scores and the surnames of players only, although does differentiate between the two pairs of brothers (the Harrises and Newlands) who were playing. The Daily Advertiser carried the names of players expected to play in the match on 1–2 June and reported the same names on 3 June although these are not the same names which appear on the scorecard.^[8]^[9] No titles were given to the teams at the time and various titles have been applied retrospectively by modern authors.

The match included one of cricket's earliest known declarations by Slindon in their second innings at 102/6, although the term "declaration" was not in use at that time and neither was the concept generally recognised. Rather it was a case of Surrey & Sussex "forfeiting" part of their innings in order to allow time to bowl out their opponents. This was also the first known game at which tickets for readmission were issued to the spectators.^[9]

The second surviving scorecard is for the match between Kent and England at the Artillery Ground on 18 June. This is the first match for which a full scorecard including dismissals has survived and it is the opening entry in Scores & Biographies, although Haygarth gave the date as 1746 instead of 1744.^[10]

Recorded matches

Records of 20 eleven-a-side matches between significant teams exist.^[11]^[12]

10 May - Kent v England - venue unknown^[13]
14 May - Surrey v England - Moulsey Hurst
17 May - Kent v England - venue unknown^[13]
21 May - England v Surrey - Artillery Ground
2 June - London v Slindon - Artillery Ground
15 June - Kent v England - Coxheath Common
18 June - England v Kent - Artillery Ground
5 July - Two Elevens - Artillery Ground
6 July - Two Elevens - Moulsey Hurst
9 July - London v Richmond - Kennington Common
21 July - London v Woburn - Artillery Ground
30 July - London v Addington - Artillery Ground
24 August - Surrey v London - Moulsey Hurst
27 August - London v Surrey - Artillery Ground
3 September - London v Bromley - Artillery Ground
7 September - London v Surrey - Artillery Ground
10 September - London v Slindon - Artillery Ground
12 September - Addington v Slindon - Artillery Ground
14 September - Bromley v Slindon - Artillery Ground
19 September - Two Elevens - Artillery Ground

Single wicket matches

Three single-wicket matches are known to have taken place during 1744. A match between a Sevenoaks player and a London player took place on 20 August,^[14] and two teams of three played on 17 September at the Artillery Ground for a stake of 200 guineas with the players involved described as the "best in England".^[15]^[16] Another match between two teams of three was played on 1 October at the same ground.^[15]

Other events

In September Slindon defeated London and issued its famous^{[citation needed]} challenge to play "any parish in England". The challenge was accepted by the Addington and Bromley clubs but it is not known if either match took place.

First mentions

Clubs and teams

Players

Thanks to the survival of the two scorecards from the season a number of players are known to have played during the season. The lack of scorecards from previous seasons means that these men may have played previously, but this is their first known mention.

References

^ ^a ^b Hise B (2011) [“How Is It, Umpire?” The 1744 Laws of Cricket and Their Influence on the Development of Baseball in America], Our Game, 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ Original Laws of Cricket, 1744. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dell S The First Laws of Cricket - 1774, ABC of Cricket. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ Keswick cricket match uses 18th Century laws, BBC Sport, 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ The Ten: Law Changes, Wisden, 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ New book reproduces the first laws of cricket, Bodleian Library and Radcliffe Camera, 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ Miller N (2016) A very brief history of cricket, Daily Telegraph, 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l McCann, pp.26–27.
^ ^a ^b Waghorn, p.14.
^ Waghorn, p.15
^ ACS, p.21.
^ Other matches in England 1744, CricketArchive. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
^ ^a ^b Maun, p.135.
^ Ashley-Cooper, p.35.
^ ^a ^b Ashley-Cooper, p.36.
^ ^a ^b ^c McCann, pp.30–31.
^ Maun, p. 141.
^ ^a ^b Haygarth, pp.1–2.

Bibliography

ACS (1981). A Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles 1709 – 1863. Nottingham: ACS.
Ashley-Cooper, F. S. (1900). At the Sign of the Wicket: Cricket 1742–1751. London: Cricket Magazine. OCLC 28863559. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Haygarth, Arthur (1862). Scores & Biographies, Volume 1 (1744–1826). Lillywhite.
McCann, Tim (2004). Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century. Sussex Record Society.
Maun, Ian (2009). From Commons to Lord's, Volume One: 1700 to 1750. Roger Heavens. ISBN 978 1 900592 52 9.
Waghorn, H. T. (1906). The Dawn of Cricket. Electric Press.

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Laws of Cricket==
 {{main|Laws of Cricket}}
-Although there are examples of surviving [[Articles of Agreement (cricket)|Articles of Agreement]] between teams from as early as the [[1727 English cricket season|1727 season]], no written examples of the [[Laws of Cricket]] exist from before 1744. The first Laws were codified during 1744 by the noblemen and gentlemen members of the [[London Cricket Club]], based at the [[Artillery Ground]].
+Although there are examples of surviving [[Articles of Agreement (cricket)|Articles of Agreement]] between teams from as early as the [[1727 English cricket season|1727 season]], no written [[Laws of Cricket]] exist from before 1744. The first Laws were codified during the year by the members of the [[London Cricket Club]], based at the [[Artillery Ground]], although they were not typeset until 1752 in ''New Universal Magazine'' as "The Game at Cricket, as settled by the Cricket-Club, in 1744, and play’d at the Artillery Ground, London". The Laws were first published as a pamphlet, titled "The Game at Cricket, as Settled by the Several Cricket-Clubs, Particularly That of the Star and Garter in Pall-Mall", in 1755.<ref name=hise>Hise B (2011) [“How Is It, Umpire?” The 1744 Laws of Cricket and Their Influence on the Development of Baseball in America], Our Game, 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref><ref>[http://originallawsofcricket1744.blogspot.com Original Laws of Cricket, 1744]. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref><ref name=abc>Dell S [http://www.abcofcricket.com/Laws/First_Laws/first_laws.htm The First Laws of Cricket - 1774], ABC of Cricket. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref> Five Laws were included in the original code.<ref name=abc /><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-23433045 Keswick cricket match uses 18th Century laws], [[BBC Sport]], 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref>
-The Laws establish a general set of conditions under which the sport should be played, including the dimensions of the pitch, number of balls per over and the role of [[Umpire (cricket)|umpires]].
+The Laws establish a general set of conditions under which the sport should be played, including the dimensions of the pitch, number of balls per over and the role of [[Umpire (cricket)|umpires]].<ref name=abc /><ref>[https://www.wisden.com/stories/the-ten-law-changes The Ten: Law Changes], ''[[Wisden]]'', 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref> A copy of the original Laws, printed on the edges of a linen handkerchief, is held in the [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]] museum at [[Lord's]].<ref name=hise /><ref name=bod>[https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley/news/2008/2008_june_27 New book reproduces the first laws of cricket], Bodleian Library and Radcliffe Camera, 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref><ref>Miller N (2016) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/only-in-britain/odi-cricket/very-brief-history-of-cricket/ A very brief history of cricket], ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</ref>
 ==Earliest known scorecards==