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The original name of the village, ''Kleparo''<ref>[[#İnalcık|İnalcık 1954]]: p. 27-28.</ref> {{IPA2|kleparˈo}} in the 18th century, lost the syllable-initial consonant cluster "kl-", simplified into "q-" {{IPA2|ceparˈo}}, a common development of Middle [[Albanian]] at the time.<ref name="MZBK">{{cite journal|title=Münchner Zeitschrift für Balkankunde (Special Issue)|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=kehsTJyXEcHF4gbCvLmgCw&ct=result&id=pSlpAAAAMAAJ&dq=Vienna+%22Dedovich%22+HImara&q=clapero#search_anchor|year=1991|publisher=Universität München. Institut für Geschichte Osteuropas und Südosteuropas|location=Muenchen, Germany |language=German|isbn=387828196|page=315}}</ref><ref>Vladimir Orel: ''A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian.'' BRILL, 2000, p. 194.[http://books.google.com/books?id=xvKH56aT5mEC&pg=PA194&dq=%22kl%22+albanian&hl=en&ei=dH93TKORD-bc4wa-tpSVBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22kl%22%20&f=false]</ref>
The original name of the village, ''Kleparo''<ref>[[#İnalcık|İnalcık 1954]]: p. 27-28.</ref> {{IPA2|kleparˈo}} in the 18th century, lost the syllable-initial consonant cluster "kl-", simplified into "q-" {{IPA2|ceparˈo}}, a common development of Middle [[Albanian]] at the time.<ref name="MZBK">{{cite journal|title=Münchner Zeitschrift für Balkankunde (Special Issue)|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=kehsTJyXEcHF4gbCvLmgCw&ct=result&id=pSlpAAAAMAAJ&dq=Vienna+%22Dedovich%22+HImara&q=clapero#search_anchor|year=1991|publisher=Universität München. Institut für Geschichte Osteuropas und Südosteuropas|location=Muenchen, Germany |language=German|isbn=387828196|page=315}}</ref><ref>Vladimir Orel: ''A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian.'' BRILL, 2000, p. 194.[http://books.google.com/books?id=xvKH56aT5mEC&pg=PA194&dq=%22kl%22+albanian&hl=en&ei=dH93TKORD-bc4wa-tpSVBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22kl%22%20&f=false]</ref>
<ref>Arshi Pipa: ''Albanian Folk Verse: Structure and Genre.'' Trofenik, 1978, page 106. [http://books.google.com/books?ei=dH93TKORD-bc4wa-tpSVBg&ct=result&id=wSUNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22kl%22+albanian&q=%22kl%22+#search_anchor]</ref><ref>Studime filologjike: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë. No. I, 1978, Page 93. [http://books.google.com/books?ei=TE57TJzTHeOS4gbg7MTNBg&ct=result&id=KKxiAAAAMAAJ&dq=Klaparos&q=Klapa-#search_anchor]</ref> According to one theory by Nataša Gregorič, the original name of the village was ''Kiepero'' or ''Kiparos'', which derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''kipos'', meaning garden.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gregorič |first=Nataša | title=Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania |ref= Gregorič| format=PDF | url=http://www.p-ng.si/~vanesa/doktorati/interkulturni/3GregoricBon.pdf | accessdate=2010-08-15 |work=[[University of Nova Gorica]] |page=46}}</ref>
<ref>Arshi Pipa: ''Albanian Folk Verse: Structure and Genre.'' Trofenik, 1978, page 106. [http://books.google.com/books?ei=dH93TKORD-bc4wa-tpSVBg&ct=result&id=wSUNAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22kl%22+albanian&q=%22kl%22+#search_anchor]</ref><ref>Studime filologjike: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë. No. I, 1978, Page 93. [http://books.google.com/books?ei=TE57TJzTHeOS4gbg7MTNBg&ct=result&id=KKxiAAAAMAAJ&dq=Klaparos&q=Klapa-#search_anchor]</ref> According to oral and written accounts, the original name of the village was ''Kiepero'' or ''Kiparos'', which derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''kipos'', meaning garden.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gregorič |first=Nataša | title=Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania |ref= Gregorič| format=PDF | url=http://www.p-ng.si/~vanesa/doktorati/interkulturni/3GregoricBon.pdf | accessdate=2010-08-15 |work=[[University of Nova Gorica]] |page=46}}</ref>


== Location ==
== Location ==

Revision as of 22:40, 9 September 2010

Qeparo
Village
Qeparo village and the bay on the Ionian Sea
Qeparo village and the bay on the Ionian Sea
Country Albania
CountyVlorë County
DistrictVlorë District
Elevation
450 m (1,480 ft)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Qeparo (Greek: Κηπαρό, Kiparo) is a seaside village on the Albanian Riviera in Himarë municipality, District of Vlorë, Albania,[1] Nowadays Qeparo is divided in two parts, known as the old and the new village.

Name

The original name of the village, Kleparo[2] IPA: [kleparˈo] in the 18th century, lost the syllable-initial consonant cluster "kl-", simplified into "q-" IPA: [ceparˈo], a common development of Middle Albanian at the time.[3][4] [5][6] According to oral and written accounts, the original name of the village was Kiepero or Kiparos, which derives from the Greek word kipos, meaning garden.[7]

Location

Qeparo is situated on the western slope of Mount Gjivlash, about 450 m above the sea level. In ancient times, Qeparo was situated in the Peak of Kasteli (Albanian: Maja e Kastelit). Later on, its inhabitants settled down a little further, in the Gjivlash Slope (Albanian: Rrëza e Gjivlashit), southeast of the Peak of Kasteli, to be closer to their fields and to escape the cold of the winter. From 1957 onwards, Qeparo was split into the Old Village, also known as Upper Qeparo (Albanian: Fshati i vjetërë, Greek: Άνω Κηπαρό), and the New Village or Lower Qeparo (Albanian: Fshati i ri, Greek: Κάτω Κηπαρό).

History

Qeparo (Klaparos) was mentioned in 1431[8] and again in 1581[9] as one of the villages of the Himarë region. Until the 1750s Himarë was composed of more than 50 villages[10] while at the end of the 1780s, it comprised only 16 villages situated by the seashore, from Saranda to Palasë.[11] Later on, with Ali Pasha's defeat, the region of Himara shrunk to only seven villages: Palasë, Dhërmi, Vuno, Himarë, Qeparo, Kudhës, and Pilur. In the east, Qeparo is limited by Borsh, in the northeast with Çorraj, in the north with Kudhës, in the northwest by Piluri, in the west with the town of Himara and in the south and southwest by the Ionian sea. The Porto Palermo Castle, built by Ali Pasha is part of the territory of Qeparo, limited by Himara.[12]

The village is composed of the following neighbourhoods or brotherhoods (Albanian: vëllazëri): Ballëguras, Bragjint' e Poshçërë, Bragjint' e Sipërmë, Dhimëgjonas, Gjikëbitaj, Mërtokaj, Ndregjin, Peçolat, Pogdan and Rushat. Every brotherhood had its own patron saint.[13]

Qeparo has cultivated olives for centuries, as mentioned in early 19th century by the work of François Pouqueville, Napoleon Bonaparte's general consul at the court of Ali Pasha in Ioannina.[14][full citation needed]: testimony to this, are some centennial olive trees still existing in the village.

During the period of the Balkan Wars, the inhabitants of Greek-speaking villages in the region,, such as Qeparo, fought against Albanian speaking-villages, who fought for the Ottoman Empire.[15]

The village has an Orthodox Church dedicated to Saint Demetrius, dated 1760, which is one of the nine churches in Albania dedicated to that saint.[16]

Language

Historically[17][original research?], Qeparo has been mainly inhabited by a community of Albanian speaking people.[18] This is verifiable by a letter sent from the people of the region of Himara to Elizabeth of Russia in the 18th century, which specifies that the language spoken in the region is Albanian, however people who go to school can also speak Greek, whereas the wealthy families speak Italian because they serve foreign armies or have members who have gone to seminaries in Italian cities,[10][19] hence the Greek language has continuously been present in the village and noticed by foreign travellers.

The village is inhabited by both Albanians and Greeks.[20] Today the inhabitants of Qeparo are bilingual in Greek and Albanian,[21] although in the day-to-day language, mainly Albanian is used[22] The Albanian local dialects, are part of southern Tosk, and more precisely, of the Labërisht sub-group.[23] Labërisht itself is composed of non-unical language groups.[24]

A distinctive feature of the Qeparo dialect, is the retention of long vowels, for ex.: IPA: [pa:r], pair opposed to IPA: [par], on the right side; IPA: [me:r], fatigue, opposed to IPA: [mer], take! In general, nouns in the dialect of Qeparo, have one plural, but some nouns can take two or more plural forms: qeros - qerosë - qerosërë; lanet - lanetë - lanetërë; leshtë - leshëratë; buzeç - buzeçë - buzeçërë; çakall - çakallë - çakej.

Tourism

Qeparo is one of the favorite tourist destinations in Albania. Two hotels and a few guesthouses serve the tourists' enjoyment of the small beaches.

Notable People

See also

References

  1. ^ "Location of Qeparo". Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  2. ^ İnalcık 1954: p. 27-28.
  3. ^ "Münchner Zeitschrift für Balkankunde (Special Issue)" (in German). Muenchen, Germany: Universität München. Institut für Geschichte Osteuropas und Südosteuropas. 1991: 315. ISBN 387828196. {{cite journal}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ Vladimir Orel: A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian. BRILL, 2000, p. 194.[1]
  5. ^ Arshi Pipa: Albanian Folk Verse: Structure and Genre. Trofenik, 1978, page 106. [2]
  6. ^ Studime filologjike: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë. No. I, 1978, Page 93. [3]
  7. ^ Gregorič, Nataša. "Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania" (PDF). University of Nova Gorica. p. 46. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
  8. ^ Nâhiyet-i Sopot: Karye-i Klaparos (10 hane [houses], hâsıl 615 [revenues, in akçe])... in, İnalcık, Halil: Hicrî 835 Tarihli: Sûret-i Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid. Metni bir Giriş ile Neşreden Halil İnalcik. Metin dışında H. 991 tarihli Avlonya Kanunnâmesi ile 1 harita, 29 tıpkı-basım vardır. (Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınlarından XIV. Seri – No. 1. Tahrir defterleri.) Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi – Ankara. 1954, p. 27 - 28.
  9. ^ Monumenta spectantia ad unionem ecclesiarum Graecae et Romanae. Maiorem partem e sanctioribus Vaticani tabulariis edita ab Augustino Theiner et Francisco Miklosich cum tabula. Vindobonae, Guilelmus Braumueller, 1872; p. 57 - 63 (1581. mense februario: Chimarenses a Turcis vexati auxilium petunt a papa Gregorio XIII., promittentes se sedi apostolicae esse obtemperaturos... Chimara terra et episcopatus: Heliates, Bunae, Claperus, Cudessei, Pilure etc.)
  10. ^ a b Bulletin of Social Sciences (Albanian: Buletin për Shkencat Shoqërore, II, Tiranë, 1955, p. 159: part of the Letter sent from the people of Himara to the Tzarine Elizabeta Petrovna (Albanian: Letra dërguar nga populli i Himarës carinës Elizaveta Petrovna) Quote: Let's add only that our creed is Christian Orthodox, we are all under a bishop and we are connected religiously to the Patriarch of Constantinople; We speak Albanian, the language that is spoken in Albania up to Bosnia, but in other places all the people that have gone to school speak Greek, and the distinguished families also use Italian, because many officials serve in foreign countries and many youngsters are sent to the seminaries of Padova and Naples (Albanian: Shtojmë vetëm se besimi ynë është ortodoks, jemi të gjithë nën kryesinë e një peshkopi dhe lidhemi në pikëpamje fetare me patrikun e Konstandinopojës; flasim shqip, atë gjuhë që flitet në Shqipërinë e afërme dhe deri në Bosnje, po në vende të ndryshme të gjithë të mësuarit flasin greqisht, e familjet më të shquara përdorin edhe italishten, nga shkaku se shumë oficerë shërbejnë në vende të huaja dhe shumë të rinj dërgohen në seminarin e Padovës dhe të Napolit...)
  11. ^ Studime historike (1964). "Dokumente: Kapiteni Dedoviç, Vjenë, më 30 korrik 1787. (English: Documents: Captain Dedowitch, Vienna, July 30th, 1787)". Studime historike (English: Historical Studies) (in Albanian) (4).
  12. ^ Ndarurinze, Renate (2008). Albanien entdecken: Auf den Spuren Skanderbegs (in German). Berlin: Trescher Verlag. p. 243. ISBN 3897941252.
  13. ^ Ulqini, K. "Phénomènes de l'ancienne organisation sociale à Himara et à Suli". Ethnographie albanaise (in French). XV (1987). Tirana: 201.
  14. ^ "I see that this place is full of olive groves"... in: Pouqueville, F.C.H.L., Voyage en Morée, à Constantinople, en Albanie et dans plusieurs autres parties de l'Empire Ottoman pendant les années 1798, 1799, 1800 et 1801. Paris Chez Gabon 1805. [4]
  15. ^ Pettifer James, Poulton Hugh. The Southern Balkans. Minority Rights Group, 1994. ISBN 9781897693759, p. 51: "During this period, some Albanian-speaking villages in Epirus fought for the Turks against the Greek-speaking villages (eg Kudhes against Qeparo)"
  16. ^ Elsie, Robert (December 2000). A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology, and folk culture. New York University Press. p. 65. ISBN 0814722148.
  17. ^ Chimeriotae sunt Arnautlari, vel Albani, vel Epirothae, trans sinum ex aduerso Corcyrae siti: qua in regione continua montium series est, quam vno vocabolo nautae iam dicunt Chimeram... Annales Sultanorum Othmanidarum, a Turcis sva lingva scripti: Hieronymi Beck a Leopoldstorf, Marci fil. Studio & diligentia Constantinopoli aduecti M D L I, Diuo Ferdinando Caes. Opt. Max D.D. iussuque Caes. a Ioanne Gaudier dicto Spiegel, interprete Turcico Germanice translati. Ioannes Leunclavius Nobilis Angriuarius, Latine redditos illustrauit & auxit, vsque ad annum MDXXCVIII. Francofvrdi, apud Andreae Wecheli heredes, Claudium Marnium & Ioannem Aubrium, MDLXXXVII (1587). p. 468 [5]
  18. ^ Sotiri, Natasha (2001). E folmja dhe toponimia e Qeparoit (in Albanian). Academy of Sciences of Albania. p. 13. ISBN 9992775904. Kështu, banorët e Qeparoit janë njëgjuhësh, shqipfolës, megjithëse janë fare pranë me qytetin e Himarës, banorët e së cilës janë dygjuhësh (shqip dhe greqishtfolës). Në krahun tjetër të Himarës vjen fshati Vuno, i cili edhe ai është shqipfolës; pas Vunoit vjen Dhërmiu, që është shqip dhe greqishtfolës. (in English: Thus the inhabitants of Qeparo are monolingual, Albanian speaking, although we are very near to the town of Himara, whose inhabitants are bilingual (Albanian and Greek speaking). On the other side of Himara is the village of Vuno, which also is Albanian speaking, after Vuno comes Dhermi, which is Albanian and Greek speaking)
  19. ^ Zeqo, Mojkom (July 2008). "Himara - princeshe e gjenezave te mugeta" (PDF). Gazeta Rrenjet (in Italian and Albanian). Hasan Aliaj. p. 2. Retrieved 23 August 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ^ Reed Fred A.. Salonica Terminus: travels into the Balkan nightmare. Talonbooks, 1996 ISBN 9780889223684, p. 102: "a mixed Greek-Albanian village called Qeparo nestled in a narrow valley."
  21. ^ Hammond Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. Epirus: the geography, the ancient remains, the history and topography of Epirus and adjacent areas. Clarendon P., 1967, p. 122: ""to the Greek-speaking village of Qeparo."
  22. ^ Gregorič, Nataša. "Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania" (PDF). University of Nova Gorica. p. 63. Retrieved 2010-08-15. In their day-to-day conversations locals of Dhermi, Palase, and Himara mainly use a Greek dialect and partly a southern Albanian (Tosk) dialect, while the locals of Ilias, Vuno, Qeparo, Kudhes, and Pilur mainly speak the Albanian tosk dialect
  23. ^ Gjinari, Jorgji (1989). Dialektet e gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian). Academy of Sciences of Albania, Institute of Linguistics. p. 57.
  24. ^ Totoni, M (1971). Dialektologjia shqiptare I, Vëzhgime rreth të folmeve të Kurveleshit (English: Albanian dialectology I, Observations on the Language of Kurvelesh) (in Albanian). p. 85.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qeparo&oldid=383919885"