2MASS J04070752+1546457

2MASS J04070752+1546457
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04h 07m 07.527s
Declination	+15° 46′ 45.540″
Characteristics
Spectral type	L3.5
Apparent magnitude (G)	20.704 ± 0.014
Apparent magnitude (J)	15.478 ± 0.058
Apparent magnitude (H)	14.354 ± 0.057
Apparent magnitude (K)	13.559 ± 0.038
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	43.4 ± 2.1 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 61.250 ± 3.490 mas/yr ; Dec.: –53.130 ± 2.712 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	27.4408 ± 1.7735 mas
Distance	119 ± 8 ly ; (36 ± 2 pc)
Details
Mass	0.064+0.009; −0.027 M☉
Radius	0.100+0.024; −0.008 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	5.2 ± 0.4 cgs
Temperature	1840 ± 210 K
Rotation	1.23±0.01 h
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	82.6 ± 0.2 km/s
Age	0.8+11.2; −0.65 Gyr
Other designations
	SDSS J040707.56+154645.2, EPIC 210522262, TIC 348661774
Database references
SIMBAD	data

2MASS J04070752+1546457 (abbreviated to 2MASS J0407+1546) is a rapidly-rotating brown dwarf of spectral class L3.5, located in the constellation Taurus about 119 light-years from Earth. With a photometrically measured rotation period of 1.23 hours, it is one of the fastest-rotating known brown dwarfs announced by a team of astronomers led by Megan E. Tannock in March 2021. With a rotational velocity of over 80 km/s (50 mi/s), it is approaching the predicted rotational speed limit beyond which it would break apart due to centripetal forces. As a consequence of its rapid rotation, the brown dwarf is slightly flattened at its poles to a similar degree as Saturn, the most oblate planet in the Solar System.^[3] Its rapid rotation may enable strong auroral radio emissions via particle interactions in its magnetic field, as observed in other known rapidly-rotating brown dwarfs.^[2]

Discovery

2MASS J0407+1546 was first catalogued as a point source in June 2003 by the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) organized by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center under the California Institute of Technology.^[4] It was discovered to be a brown dwarf of the spectral class L3.5 by I. Neill Reid and collaborators, based on near-infrared spectra obtained in October 2005 with the Gemini North at the Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii. Their discovery and spectroscopic characterization of 430 ultracool dwarfs including 2MASS J0407+1546 was published in The Astronomical Journal in September 2008.^[5]

Distance

The trigonometric parallax of 2MASS 1114−2618 was measured to be 27.4408±1.7735 milliarcseconds by the Gaia spacecraft in 2018, corresponding to a distance of 36.4 ± 2.4 parsecs (118.7 ± 7.8 ly).^[1] This is in close agreement with Reid et al.'s spectrophotometric estimate of 33.1 ± 3.3 parsecs (108 ± 11 ly) in 2008, calculated from the object's spectral type and near-infrared absolute magnitude.^[5]

Proper motion

From Gaia DR2, 2MASS J0407+1546 has a measured net proper motion of 81.0 mas/yr with position angle 139.06 degrees,^[a]^[b] indicating motion in south-east direction on the sky.^[1]

Notes

^ The net proper motion is given by: $\mu ={\sqrt {{\mu _{\delta }}^{2}+{\mu _{\alpha }}^{2}\cdot \cos ^{2}\delta }}\approx 81.0$ mas/yr, where $\mu _{\alpha }$ and $\mu _{\delta }$ are the components of proper motion in the RA and Dec, respectively.
^ The position angle of proper motion is given by $\tan ^{-1}\left({\frac {\mu _{\delta }}{\mu _{\alpha }}}\right)$

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "2MASS J04070752+1546457 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; et al. (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
^ Cofield, Calla (7 April 2021). "Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
^ Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
^ ^a ^b Reid, I. Neill; Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Allen, Peter R.; Mungall, F.; Liebert, James; Lowrance, Patrick; Sweet, Anne (September 2008). "Meeting the Cool Neighbors. X. Ultracool Dwarfs from the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (3): 1290–1311. arXiv:0806.3413. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1290R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1290. S2CID 123222597.

External links

Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit, Calla Cofield, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 7 April 2021
Western space scientists identify fastest-spinning "failed stars" ever found, Jeff Renaud, University of Western Ontario, 7 April 2021
Caught Speeding: Clocking the Fastest-Spinning Brown Dwarfs, NOIRLab, 7 April 2021

[6] The net proper motion is given by: $\mu ={\sqrt {{\mu _{\delta }}^{2}+{\mu _{\alpha }}^{2}\cdot \cos ^{2}\delta }}\approx 81.0$ mas/yr, where $\mu _{\alpha }$ and $\mu _{\delta }$ are the components of proper motion in the RA and Dec, respectively.

[7] The position angle of proper motion is given by $\tan ^{-1}\left({\frac {\mu _{\delta }}{\mu _{\alpha }}}\right)$

[Simbad-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "2MASS J04070752+1546457 -- Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass)". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 March 2021.

[Tannock2021-2] Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; et al. (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.

[JPL-20210407-3] Cofield, Calla (7 April 2021). "Trio of Fast-Spinning Brown Dwarfs May Reveal a Rotational Speed Limit". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

[Cutri2003-4] Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.

[Reid2008-5] Reid, I. Neill; Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Allen, Peter R.; Mungall, F.; Liebert, James; Lowrance, Patrick; Sweet, Anne (September 2008). "Meeting the Cool Neighbors. X. Ultracool Dwarfs from the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (3): 1290–1311. arXiv:0806.3413. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1290R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1290. S2CID 123222597.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[b]

Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04^h 07^m 07.527^s^[1]
Declination	+15° 46′ 45.540″^[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type	L3.5^[2]
Apparent magnitude (G)	20.704 ± 0.014^[1]
Apparent magnitude (J)	15.478 ± 0.058^[1]
Apparent magnitude (H)	14.354 ± 0.057^[1]
Apparent magnitude (K)	13.559 ± 0.038^[1]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	43.4 ± 2.1^[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 61.250 ± 3.490^[1] mas/yr Dec.: –53.130 ± 2.712^[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	27.4408 ± 1.7735 mas^[1]
Distance	119 ± 8 ly (36 ± 2 pc)

Details^[2]

Mass	0.064+0.009 −0.027 `M`_☉
Radius	0.100+0.024 −0.008 `R`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	5.2 ± 0.4 cgs
Temperature	1840 ± 210 K
Rotation	1.23±0.01 h
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	82.6 ± 0.2 km/s

Age	0.8+11.2 −0.65 Gyr
Other designations
SDSS J040707.56+154645.2, EPIC 210522262, TIC 348661774^[1]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

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