681

681 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	681; DCLXXXI
Ab urbe condita	1434
Armenian calendar	130; ԹՎ ՃԼ
Assyrian calendar	5431
Balinese saka calendar	602–603
Bengali calendar	88
Berber calendar	1631
Buddhist calendar	1225
Burmese calendar	43
Byzantine calendar	6189–6190
Chinese calendar	庚辰年 (Metal Dragon); 3378 or 3171; — to —; 辛巳年 (Metal Snake); 3379 or 3172
Coptic calendar	397–398
Discordian calendar	1847
Ethiopian calendar	673–674
Hebrew calendar	4441–4442
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	737–738
- Shaka Samvat	602–603
- Kali Yuga	3781–3782
Holocene calendar	10681
Iranian calendar	59–60
Islamic calendar	61–62
Japanese calendar	Hakuchi 32; (白雉３２年)
Javanese calendar	573–574
Julian calendar	681; DCLXXXI
Korean calendar	3014
Minguo calendar	1231 before ROC; 民前1231年
Nanakshahi calendar	−787
Seleucid era	992/993 AG
Thai solar calendar	1223–1224
Tibetan calendar	阳金龙年; (male Iron-Dragon); 807 or 426 or −346; — to —; 阴金蛇年; (female Iron-Snake); 808 or 427 or −345

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	6th century; 7th century ; 8th century;
Decades:	660s; 670s; 680s ; 690s; 700s;
Years:	678; 679; 680; 681 ; 682; 683; 684;

Year 681 (DCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 681 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Constantine IV is forced to acknowledge the Bulgar state in Moesia, and to pay protection money to avoid further inroads into Byzantine Thrace.^[1] Consequently, Constantine creates the Theme of Thrace of the Byzantine Empire (located in the south-eastern Balkans).^[2]
Constantine IV has his brothers Heraclius and Tiberius mutilated, so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on any coinage, and that their names be removed from official documentation.^[3] Constantine raises his son Justinian II to the throne as joint emperor (Augustus).
Autumn – A military revolt breaks out in the Anatolic Theme (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army marches to Chrysopolis, and sends a delegation across the straits of the Hellespont to Constantinople, demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV.^[4]
Constantine IV agrees to a compromise, and persuades the army to return to their barracks in Anatolia. He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople, and consults with the Senate to accept the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has them hung at Sycae.^[5]

January 9 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council, in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews. Laws against violence to slaves are suppressed.

A Muslim Arab army led by Uqba ibn Nafi reaches Morocco, before being forced back into Cyrene by the Berbers.^[6]
Armenians, Albanians, and Iberians rise in rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate (approximate date).

January 10 – Pope Agatho dies at Rome of plague after a 2½ -year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish the tax heretofore levied at the consecration of a newly elected pope.
September 16 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council (see 680) ends at Constantinople. The council reaffirms the Orthodox doctrines of the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and condemns monothelitism.^[7]

^ Norwich, p. 326
^ Kazhdan, p. 501
^ Dumbarton Oaks, p. 513
^ Bury, p. 308
^ Bury, p. 309
^ Spencer C. Tucker (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: "From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East", p. 205. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5
^ Canduci, p. 198