659

659 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	659; DCLIX
Ab urbe condita	1412
Armenian calendar	108; ԹՎ ՃԸ
Assyrian calendar	5409
Balinese saka calendar	580–581
Bengali calendar	66
Berber calendar	1609
Buddhist calendar	1203
Burmese calendar	21
Byzantine calendar	6167–6168
Chinese calendar	戊午年 (Earth Horse); 3356 or 3149; — to —; 己未年 (Earth Goat); 3357 or 3150
Coptic calendar	375–376
Discordian calendar	1825
Ethiopian calendar	651–652
Hebrew calendar	4419–4420
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	715–716
- Shaka Samvat	580–581
- Kali Yuga	3759–3760
Holocene calendar	10659
Iranian calendar	37–38
Islamic calendar	38–39
Japanese calendar	Hakuchi 10; (白雉１０年)
Javanese calendar	550–551
Julian calendar	659; DCLIX
Korean calendar	2992
Minguo calendar	1253 before ROC; 民前1253年
Nanakshahi calendar	−809
Seleucid era	970/971 AG
Thai solar calendar	1201–1202
Tibetan calendar	阳土马年; (male Earth-Horse); 785 or 404 or −368; — to —; 阴土羊年; (female Earth-Goat); 786 or 405 or −367

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	6th century; 7th century ; 8th century;
Decades:	630s; 640s; 650s ; 660s; 670s;
Years:	656; 657; 658; 659 ; 660; 661; 662;

Year 659 (DCLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 659 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Constans II signs a peace treaty with the Rashidun Caliphate. He uses the pause to strengthen his defences, and consolidates Byzantine control over Armenia. Constans establishes the themata, dividing territorial command in Anatolia.
Constans II elevates his son Heraclius to the rank of co-emperor (Augustus), alongside his brother Tiberius.^[1]

A Japanese embassy is sent to the Chinese Empire, and received in an audience by Emperor Gao Zong. The Tang Dynasty is determined in the next year to take administrative measures in regard to Japan. The envoys are detained.

March 17 – Gertrude of Nivelles, daughter of Pepin of Landen (mayor of the palace of Austrasia), requests on her deathbed a burial wearing a plain linen shroud. This is the traditional (pagan) practice of a 'furnished' grave.
Leodegar, an opponent of Ebroin (mayor of the palace), is appointed bishop of Autun in Burgundy.