List of islands created since the 20th century
Below is a list of new islands created since the beginning of the 20th century by volcanism, erosion, glacial retreat, or other mechanisms. One of the most famous new volcanic islands is the small island of Surtsey, located in the Atlantic Ocean south of Iceland. It first emerged from the ocean surface in 1963. Two years later, Surtsey was declared a nature reserve for the study of ecological succession; plants, insects, birds, seals, and other forms of life have since established themselves on the island.
Another noted new island is Anak Krakatau (the so-called "child of Krakatoa", which formed in the flooded caldera of that notorious volcano in Indonesia), which emerged only in 1930. Ample rainforests have grown there, although they are often destroyed by frequent eruptions. A population of many wild animals, including insects, birds, humanborne rats, and even monitor lizards, have also settled there.
Didicas Volcano off the northern coast of Luzon Island in the Philippines, was first created during a four-year eruption from 1856 to 1860 but eventually got washed away. In 1900, three tall rock masses were left by another eruption. During the 1952 eruption, the island finally became permanent which was further bolstered by subsequent eruptions in 1969 and 1978 into a 228 metres (748 ft)-high island.[1]
Uunartoq Qeqertoq is an island off the east coast of Greenland that appeared to have split from the mainland because of glacial retreat between 2002 and 2005; however, it is believed to have been a true island, with or without glacial covering, for many thousands of years.
In February and March 2009, a vigorous eruption created a new island[2] near Hunga Ha'apai in the Tongan Islands of the southwest Pacific. By the end of the activity, however, the new land mass was connected to Hunga Ha'apai.[3] Similar activity occurred again in December 2014 and January 2015.
On September 24, 2013 a new island Zalzala Koh emerged off the coast of Gwadar, as a result of a strong earthquake that hit south and southwest Pakistan measuring 7.8 on the Richter magnitude scale.[4]
On November 21, 2013 an unnamed islet emerged off the coast of Nishinoshima, a small, uninhabited island in the Ogasawara chain, which is also known as the Bonin Islands. Less than four days after the new islet's emergence, it was about 200 metres (660 ft) in diameter.[5]
List of recently created islands
This is a list of new islands that formed during the 20th and the 21st centuries. Of those formed by submarine volcanoes, only Anak Krakatau and Surtsey are currently islands, and Surtsey is the only one that is expected to survive, Ilha Nova is now connected to Faial Island. Newly created landmass adjacent to Nishinoshima is now connected to Nishinoshima.
References
- ^ a b "Didicas". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ Percival, Jenny (21 March 2009). "Underwater volcano creates new island off Tonga". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
- ^ "Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Island emerges near Gwadar coast after earthquake". Geo TV Network. September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ Kurtenbach, Elaine (22 November 2013). "Volcano raises new island far south of Japan". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ Hernandez, Joe (25 September 2022). "A new island has emerged out of the Pacific Ocean, but it may soon disappear". NPR. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
- ^ "Dramatic Changes at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
- ^ "Greenland island is world's northernmost island - scientists". BBC. Archived from the original on 2022-04-24. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ "Længere nordpå end nogensinde ("Further North Than Ever")". Weekendavisen. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
- ^ "Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Metis Shoal". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Volcanic eruption ends, leaving tiny ash island". The Independent. 30 June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ TV3, WWAY (2018-03-09). "Shelly Island is no longer an island, NASA says - WWAY TV". WWAY TV. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Volcanic eruption ends, leaving tiny ash island". Matangi Tonga Online. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ a b Oskin, Becky; SPACE.com (May 30, 2015). "Red Sea Parts for 2 New Islands". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2015-08-03. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
- ^ Japan Coast Guard Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department. "Nishonoshima". Volcano database (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
- ^ "Experts say Gwadar island spewing methane". September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Meet the new islands that have emerged in the last decade". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
- ^ Specktor, Brandon (February 28, 2020). "Melting ice in Antarctica reveals new uncharted island". Live Science. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
- ^ Baloch, Shahzad (27 November 2010). "Mud volcano surfaces along Balochistan coast". Archived from the original on 1 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Home Reef". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "New island appears off coast of Germany". The Telegraph. January 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Kavachi". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Blomstrandhalvøya er blitt en øy!" [The Blomstrand peninsula has become an island!]. Svalbardposten (in Norwegian). 5 July 1991. p. 5. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Kuwae". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "The Surtsey Research Society, The Surtsey Eruption 1963-1967". Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
- ^ "Vestmannaeyjar". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Baía dos Tigres". www.redeangola.info. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- ^ "Ilha Nova". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Myojinsho". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Kikai". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Krakatau". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Falcon Island". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Banua Wuhu". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.