List of marine reptiles
Following is a list of marine reptiles, reptiles which are adapted to life in marine or brackish environments.
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Extant
The following marine reptiles are species which are currently extant or recently extinct.
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- Crocodylus acutus (American crocodile)
- Crocodylus porosus (Saltwater crocodile)
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- Amblyrhynchus cristatus (Marine iguana)
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- Varanus indicus (Mangrove monitor)
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- Acrochordidae (Filesnakes)[1]
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- Acrochordus arafurae (Arafura filesnake)
- Acrochordus granulatus (Little filesnake)
- Acrochordus javanicus (Javan file snake)
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- Farancia abacura (Mud snake)
- Farancia erythrogrammus (Rainbow snake)
- Helicops angulatus (Brown-banded water snake)
- Helicops infrataeniatus
- Helicops scalaris
- Leptodeira rubricata (Costa Rican cat-eyed snake)
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- Grayia smythii (Smith's African water snake)
- Homalopsidae (Bockadams)[1]
- Bitia hydroides (Keel-bellied water snake)
- Cantoria violacea (Cantor's water snake)
- Cerberus (Dog-faced water snakes)
- Djokoiskandarus annulata (Banded water snake)
- Myrrophis
- Myrrophis bennettii (Bennett's mud snake)
- Fordonia leucobalia (White-bellied mangrove snake)
- Myron
- Hydrophiinae (Sea snakes)
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- Aipysurus eydouxii (Spine-tailed sea snake)
- Aipysurus laevis (Olive sea snake)
- Astrotia stokesii (Stoke's sea snake)
- Disteira
- Disteira major (Olive-headed or greater sea snake)
- Disteira nigrocincta
- Disteira walli (Wall's sea snake)
- Enhydrina schistosa (Beaked sea snake, hook-nosed sea snake, common sea snake, Valakadyn sea snake)
- Enhydrina zweifeli (Sepik or Zweifel’s beaked seasnake)
- Hydrophis
- Hydrophis belcheri (Faint-banded sea snake, Belcher's sea snake)
- Hydrophis bituberculatus (Peters' sea snake)
- Hydrophis brooki
- Hydrophis caerulescens (Dwarf sea snake)
- Hydrophis cantoris
- Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake)
- Hydrophis fasciatus (Striped sea snake)
- Hydrophis gracilis (Graceful small-headed sea snake, slender sea snake)
- Hydrophis inornatus (Plain sea snake)
- Hydrophis klossi (Kloss' sea snake)
- Hydrophis lapemoides (Persian Gulf sea snake)
- Hydrophis mamillaris (Bombay sea snake)
- Hydrophis melanocephalus (Slender-necked sea snake)
- Hydrophis obscurus (Russell's sea snake)
- Hydrophis ornatus (Ornate reef sea snake)
- Hydrophis semperi (Garman's sea snake)
- Hydrophis spiralis (Yellow sea snake)
- Hydrophis stricticollis (Collared sea snake)
- Hydrophis viperinus
- Kerilia jerdonii (Jerdon's sea snake)
- Kolpophis annandalei (Bighead sea snake)
- Lapemis
- Lapemis curtus (Shaw's sea snake)
- Lapemis hardwickii (Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake)
- Laticauda colubrina (Colubrine sea krait, yellow-lipped sea krait)
- Laticauda laticaudata (Blue-lipped sea krait)
- Pelamis platurus (Yellowbelly sea snake, pelagic sea snake)
- Thalassophis
- Thalassophis anomalus (Anomalous sea snake)
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- Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle)
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- Caretta caretta (Loggerhead sea turtle)
- Lepidochelys kempii (Kemp's ridley)
- Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive ridley)
- Chelonia mydas (Green sea turtle)
- Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill sea turtle)
- Natator depressus (Flatback sea turtle)
Extinct
From the Permian to the present day there have been numerous groups of extinct reptiles that adapted to life in the marine realm:
- Pseudopalatinae: Late Triassic
- Dolichosauridae: Late Cretaceous
- Simoliophiidae: Late Cretaceous
- Palaeophiidae: Late Cretaceous - Eocene
- Archaeophis
- Palaeophis
- Pterosphenus
- Dinocephalosaurus: Middle Triassic
- Tanystropheus: Middle Triassic
- Nothosaurs: Triassic
- Pachypleurosaurs: Triassic
- Anarosaurus
- Dactylosaurus
- Keichousaurus
- Neusticosaurus (Pachypleurosaurus)
- Pistosaurus:Middle Triassic
- Plesiosaurs: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous
- Plesiosauroids: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous
- Pliosaurs: Early Jurassic - Late Cretaceous
- Champsosaurus
- Simoedosaurus
- ?Pachystropheus (sometimes considered a thalattosaur[2])
- ?Actiosaurus
- Thalattosuchia: Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous
- Tethysuchia: Middle Jurassic - Early Eocene
- Pholidosauridae: Middle Jurassic - Late Cretaceous
- Dyrosauridae: Late Cretaceous - Early Eocene
- Gavialoidea: Late Cretaceous - Recent
- Eothoracosaurus
- Thoracosaurus
- Eosuchus
- Argochampsa
- Eogavialis
- Ikanogavialis
- Piscogavialis
- Siquisiquesuchus
- Gryposuchus
- Aktiogavialis
- Agkistrognathus campebelli
- Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis
- Anshunsaurus wushaensis
- Askeptosaurus italicus
- Concavispina biseridens[3]
- Clarazia schinzi
- Endennasaurus acutirostris
- Hescheleria ruebeli
- Miodentosaurus brevis
- Nectosaurus halius
- Paralonectes merriami
- Thalattosaurus alexandrae
- Thalattosaurus borealis
- Xinpusaurus suni
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Murphy, J. C. (10 May 2012). "Marine Invasions by Non-Sea Snakes, with Thoughts on Terrestrial-Aquatic-Marine Transitions". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 52 (2): 217–226. doi:10.1093/icb/ics060. PMID 22576813.
- ^ Silvio Renesto (2005). "A possible find of Endennasaurus (Reptilia, Thalattosauria) with a comparison between Endennasaurus and Pachystropheus". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte. Jg. 2005 (2): 118–128.
- ^ Liu, J., L.-J. Zhao, C. Li, and T. He. 2013. Osteology of Concavispina biseridens (Reptilia, Thalattosauria) from the Xiaowa Formation (Carnian), Guanling, Guizhou, China Journal of Palaeontology 87:341-350.