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Clan Muir

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Clan Muir
Crest: A savage head couped Proper
MottoDurum patientia frango
(I overcome difficulty by patience)
Profile
RegionLowlands
DistrictEast Ayrshire
Clan Muir no longer has a chief, and is an armigerous clan
Historic seatRowallan Castle
Last ChiefThe Mure of Rowallan
Septs of Clan Muir
Large, Moar, Mohr, Moir, Moire, Moore, Mor, More, Muir, Mure

Clan Muir is a Scottish clan that is armigerous. Per certain sources, holders of the surname Muir (also appearing as Mure and Moore), of Ayrshire, have been noted as a possible sept of Clan Boyd, though this is not clearly identified to a reliable resource.[1] A spelling variation More/Moore is a sept of Clan Leslie in Aberdeenshire, and, having genetic proof of Muirs in Aberdeenshire, may have roots in the Mure/Muir line of southwest Scotland.[2]

However, there are other instances in which links to the Mure/Muir line of southwest Scotland cannot be confirmed. The surname Moir, for example, is a sept of Clan Gordon in the highlands, but is not part of this same group of Mure/Muir/Moore.[3] A single family, the Mores/Moores of Drumcork, are septs of Clan Grant, but there is no evidence of a connection to the Mure/Muir line.[4] Some also project Muir may be a sept of Clan Campbell, though even Clan Campbell considers this unlikely.[5]

All said, however, a convincing argument has been made[who?] that there actually was no Clan Muir prior to the early 19th century;[citation needed] perhaps even the early 20th century.[citation needed] If it came about in the early 19th century, it may have done so solely as part of a revival of Scots nationalism in the wake of the visit to Scotland of King George IV, in 1822;[original research?] was, in part, courtesy of that same sense of nationalism revived in the written works of Sir Walter Scott;[original research?] and was developed around the history of the Mure/Muir lines of Ayrshire and Renfrewshire.[citation needed] In fact, in the earliest history of the Mure/Muir line, in Historie and Descent of the House of Rowallane, Sir William Mure (1594-1657) makes no reference, whatsoever, to a clan system for the Mure/Muir family.[not specific enough to verify] While the book was not published until 1825, the written work itself was produced prior to Sir William Mure's death in 1657.[citation needed] There is no written history of the Muir line known to exist prior to the publication of this work.[original research?] Further, in the second oldest work encompassing a significant amount of material regarding the Mure line from Caldwell, Selections from the Family Papers Preserved at Caldwell (1854), by George Jardine (1754-1827) and William Mure (1799-1860), there is also no reference to the Mure/Muir lines being part of the clan system.[citation needed][not specific enough to verify]

Origins and history

The Scottish surname Muir supposedly originated as denoting someone who lived beside a moor. The name is derived from the Scots form of the Middle English more, meaning "moor" or "fen".[6][7] Given that research findings in Y DNA for the Muirs suggests they may have been in the area of Cheshire and Yorkshire between, at least, 450-950 AD/CE, it seems possible that the surname may have been associated with moors of Yorkshire, well before the arrival of this line in Southwest Scotland. However, there are no references to any surnames etymologically close mentioned in references to the areas of Cheshire and Yorkshire in the Domesday Book. Further, there are moors in the area in which the Mure/Muir line is first identified in Scottish records, including Eaglesham Moor, which is a short distance from Polkelly and Rowallan.[8]

Some[who?] have posited that the Muirs of Southwest Scotland were of Irish origin, even making an unsubstantiated claim of ties to Fergus Mór, of the Dál Riata from Ireland. However, a significant number of Y DNA results clearly demonstrate the Mure/Muir/Moore lines of southwest Scotland had no genetic affiliation with Ireland until the Ulster Plantation in the 17th century. Nor do these test-takers have evidence of their Y DNA being tied to Dál Riata or the Gaels.[8]

That being said, the Mure/Muir/Moore line of Southwest Scotland is genetically of Pretani/Britonic origin, not arriving in Southwest Scotland (possibly from the area of the former Kingdom of Elmet, near what is now West Yorkshire, England) until the latter part of the 11th century. Before the years ca. 450 - 950 CE/AD) in the lands in or near the former Kingdom of Elmet, there is also genetic evidence this Y line may have been in the area which became Cheshire, England.[8][9][10]

Y DNA Research

A number of men with the surnames of Muir and Moore, throughout the world, have tested their Y DNA since the 1990s, and considering the respective family trees, point to Ayrshire, Scotland as a point of origin. The haplotree identified to this group is R-BY3374, which is estimated to have emerged ca. 1150 AD. R-BY3374 falls under the much larger R-M269 haplotree, which is estimated to have emerged nearly 6,500 years ago. Between 15-20 major subclades branch from R-BY3374. Prior to R-BY3374, the haplotree is rooted in R-BY3368 and R-BY3364 (BY3364>BY3368 >BY3374). R-BY3364 is currently estimated to have emerged ca. 450 AD, in the area of what is now Cheshire, England. R-BY3368 is currently estimated to have emerged ca. 950 AD, in what appears to be West Yorkshire.[11]

Earliest documented with the surname

The first Mor/de Mor/de la Mor/Mure/Muir with solid documentation to Ayr, Scotland, is David de More. "The most ancient of the name on record are the Mores of Polkelly, near Kilmarnock; one of whom, David de More, appears as witness to a charter of Alexander II", between 1214 and 1249.[12][13][14]

After David, the next most distant person found is Sir Gilchrist Mure/Muir (ca. 1200 - ca. 1280), in association with his part in the Battle of Largs, on 2 October 1263. Given the naming tradition, and locality (Ayr), it appears at least three descendants of his (Adam, Gilchrist, and Reginald/Ronald, all listed as "counte de Are/Ayr") appear in the Ragman Rolls, thirty-three years later. There were also three others with the surname listed, namely, Reynaud More de Cragg, del counte de Lanark, Symon de la More, de Thaugarfton, del counte de Lanark, and Douenal le fiz Michel More de Leuenghes, del counte de Dunbreton.[14]

In 1291, a Thomas de la More was listed as executor of the Will of Dervorguilla de Balliol, mother of John Balliol, King of Scots.[15]

Further, an Adam de la More, along with William de la More, were recorded as jurors on the lands of Lady Elena la Zuche, in Coyningham (Cunningham), in 1295. It seems likely that Adam was also one-in-the-same as holding lands in Ralston, Renfrewshire, in 1315 and 1321, and as the knight-possibly the same as the Adam who witnessed the charters of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, between 1328 and 1329.[16]

Mures of Rowallan

While Polkelly seems to have been the "ancient" property held in Scotland by the Mures,[citation needed] given the migration pattern shown in Y DNA studies, the line would not have held it until at least the latter part of the 11th century.[original research?]

The Mures were prominent figures throughout the history of Scotland, from Sir Gilchrist Mure, who married the daughter and sole heir of Sir Walter Comyn with the blessing of King Alexander III, for his part in the Battle of Largs.[17] This secured the family seat at Rowallan Castle. Another version states that Gilchrist Mure was dispossessed of the house and living at Rowallan by the strong hand of Sir Walter Cuming, and was compelled to keep close in his castle of Polkelly until Alexander III raised sufficient forces to subdue Cuming and his adherents. The family had held Rowallan, in this version, from unknown antiquity. This version, however, is unlikely, since Sir Walter Comyn is believed to have died at least five years before the Battle of Largs.[18]

Rowallan Castle in 1876.[19]

The conjoined arms of the first Mure of Rowallan were visible on the oldest part of the castle up until the 18th century.[17]

Elizabeth Mure,[20] daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan and Janet Mure, married Robert Stewart, later King Robert II of Scotland, and bore him nine children before November 22, 1347, when their marriage was legitimized by papal dispensation.[21] Elizabeth died sometime before 1355.[22]The marriage of Robert and Elizabeth's daughter, Jean, to John Lyon, created the title Thane of Glamis. Descendants from that line are traceable to King Charles III.[23]

Sir Gilchrist Muir built two chapels, one at the Well named for Saint Laurence and the other at Banked named for Saint Michael. The vestiges of these were still visible in 1876. He also built the chapel of Kilmarnock, commonly called Mures Isle (or aisle).[24]

A number of Mure heirs participated in a range of battles for Scotland, including Sir Robert Mure, who may have been among the slain at the Battle of Sark, in October 1448. His namesake was called the Rud of Rowallane, being large in stature, very strong and prone to pugilism; these characteristics neatly define the meaning of this archaic Scots word. He wasted his inheritance and during his lifetime a protracted feud took place with the house of Ardoch (Craufurdland) which resulted in much bloodshed. The 'Rud' resigned his lands in favour of his grandson John, who married Margaret Boyd a mistress of James IV.[25]

Sir Mungo Mure, credited with significant improvements to Rowallan, was killed in the Battle of Pinkie, in September 1547.[26]

Sir William Mure, (1594-1657), was also Laird of Rowallan, and was known for his contributions as a writer, politician, and a military leader, being wounded at the battle of Marston Moor, in 1644. Among his descendants were Dr. John Moore, and his sons, including Lt. Gen. Sir John Moore, Admiral Sir Graham Moore, and Dr. James Carrick Moore.

Campbells, later Lairds of Rowallan

Sir William Mure was the sixteenth and last Mure of Rowallan. He served in Germany under Gustavus Adolphus. One of his grand-daughters married Sir James Campbell of Lawers, third son of the Earl of Loudoun, who thus became Laird of Rowallan. His son, Major-General James Mure Campbell of Rowallan (1726–86), became the fifth Earl of Loudoun in 1782. His only daughter's great-grandson, Charles Rawdon-Hastings, 11th Earl of Loudoun succeeded in 1874 and held the lands of Rowallan as Laird.[17]

Cadet branches

Sir Adam Mure's three younger brothers gave rise to numerous branches of the Mure family who settled in Caldwell, Aucheneil, Thornton, Glanderstoun, Treescraig, Auchendrane, Cloncaird, Craighead Park, Middleston, Spittleside and Brownhill.[17]

The Mure of Rowallan coat of arms.
ARMS Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Argent, on a fess Azure three stars of the First (Muir); 2nd & 3rd, Azure, three garbs Or (Cumming) CREST A savage head couped Proper MOTTO Durum patientia frango SUPPORTERS Two blackamoors Proper.[27]

Clan Muir Roll of Arms and Clan Branches

Clan motto

"Durum Patientia Frango" (By patience I break what is hard[citation needed]).

Curiously, this is very close to the motto attributed to the Mure line of Caldwell, Renfrewshire, which is "Duris non frangor". Though the Mure line of Caldwell descends from the Mures of Rowallan, there is actually no motto[dubious – discuss] listed for the Mures of Rowallan.[28][29]

Clan Crest

The crest adopted (though there is no record of who did so and how the decision was made)[according to whom?] is "A savage head couped Proper".

Some[who?] have suggested that a Moor's head, often seen on different coa's of the Moore line, is indicative of genetic ancestry in the Moors.[citation needed] However, genetic information shows this is simply not true.[attribution needed] In Historie and Descent of the House of Rowallane, there is a footnote, attributed to a resource held at Rowallan, dating to 1377, and also appearing in the Genealogy Tree of Rowallan, dated 1597, which states (roughly interpreted from the original Latin):

This Gilchrist Moir for his reward of valiant service to King Alexander (III) at the battle of the Largs, in the year 1263; obtained the heretrix of Rowallane (Rowallan being passed from his wife to him, at the generosity of King Alexander III) and, entitlement to bear his arms with the bludy heid...[30]

Despite the note in Mure's Historie, and curiously, The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales shows no crest for the Mure line of Rowallan, but shows the "Saracen's Head" being used in the crest of the Mure line of Caldwell, Renfrewshire.[31]

So, apparently, sometime prior to his death, ca. 1280, the "bloody head" was part of the arms of Sir Gilchrist Muir,[citation needed] but it was not a Moor's head, but, rather, a Viking head,[citation needed] representing noteworthy service to Alexander III, against the Vikings, at the Largs.[citation needed] Indeed, though "Clan Muir" was a commemorative entity (sometime well after the Sir Walter Scott Clan "craze")[attribution needed] until the 19th or 20th century, it did adopt a "A savage head couped Proper", which, in contemporary images, has the appearance much more resembling a Viking's head than a Moor's head.[attribution needed][citation needed]

Clan Tartan

The Muir tartan is registered as the "Muir/Moore tartan" under the category Clan/Family, with no mention of it being associated with a "clan".[dubious – discuss] It has the traditional blue - black - green base, but with an unusual motif of three narrow red stripes appearing twice on the green square. A similar device is seen in the Cochrane tartan. The threadcount of this illustration comes from a sample in the collection of John MacGregor Hastie, who collected tartans between 1930 and 1950, and whose work formed the basis of the archive at the Scottish Tartans Society. The tartan was documented in John Ross's, Land of the Scottish Gael (1930). Samples in Scottish Tartans Authority Dalgety Collection. Per the Scottish Register of Tartans (2009), the date of this tartan is 1 Jan 1880.[32]

The tartan associated with the name Muir was documented in John Ross's, Land of the Scottish Gael published in 1930.

Associated names

Clan Muir does not have any septs, though common variations of the name Muir or Moore are associated with the clan. Muir/More/Moore/Mure are most prevalent in Ayrshire and areas in the Southwest lowlands, though branches had spread to Eastern Scotland as early as the 15th century.

Clan affiliation by spelling variation

Clan membership[relevant?]

Clan membership is determined by surname. According to Sir Crispin Agnew of Lochnaw, if a person has a particular sept name which can be attributed to a number of clans, either they should determine from which part of Scotland their family originally came from and owe allegiance to the clan of that area or, alternatively, if they do not know where they came from, they should owe allegiance to the clan to which their family had traditionally owed allegiance. Alternatively, they may offer allegiance to any of the particular named clans in the hope that the Chief will accept them as a member of his clan. Thus if a person offers his allegiance to a particular Chief by joining his clan society or by wearing his tartan, he can be deemed to have elected to join that particular clan and should be viewed as a member of that clan.[33] Members of Clan Muir who do not give their allegiance to any of the clans that list their surname as a sept or who do not have a family history of belonging to any of the aforementioned clans wear the Muir tartan.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Septs of Boyd Clan". Clanboyd.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  2. ^ "index". Clanlesliesociety.org. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  3. ^ Lois M Todd/House of Gordon USA. "House of Gordon USA About Us". Houseofgordonusa.org. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  4. ^ "Septs". Clangrant.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2003. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  5. ^ "Septs of Clan Campbell". Ccsna.org. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  6. ^ "Learn about the family history of your surname". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 24 October 2011.. This website cited: Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508137-4.
  7. ^ Black, George Fraser (1946). The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History. New York: New York Public Library. p. 617.
  8. ^ a b c "BY3364 and Subclades Y DNA: "Clan" Muir and Y-Related Surnames of Ayrshire, Scotland". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ^ "BY3364 and Subclades Y DNA Project, Robert H. Moore, II, Administrator". Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  10. ^ MacLennan, Malcolm (1991). A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language. Stornoway: Acair and Aberdeen University Press. ISBN 0-08-025713-5.
  11. ^ "BY3364 and Subclades Y DNA Project, Robert H. Moore, II, Administrator". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  12. ^ A Genealogical & Heraldric History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, John Burke, Esq., 1834.
  13. ^ History of the County of Ayr, with a genealogical account of the families of Ayrshire, James Paterson, 1847.
  14. ^ a b "David Mor, in People of Medieval Scotland, 1093-1371". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Muir". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Muir History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  17. ^ a b c d Miller, A. H. (1885). The Castles and Mansions of Ayrshire. Reprinted by The Grimsay Press, 2004. ISBN 1-84530-019-X p. 128.
  18. ^ Adamson, Archibald R. (1875), Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. T. Stevenson, Kilmarnock. pp. 144–145.
  19. ^ Dobie, James. (1876) Cuninghame Topographized by Timothy Pont. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow. Facing p. 364.
  20. ^ A painting of Elizabeth Mure
  21. ^ Cokayne, G. E., ed. (1910–98). The Complete Peerage. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 1:310–11. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  22. ^ Burke, Bernard, ed. (1885). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baonetage (47th ed.). London. p. cxiv. Retrieved 1 December 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ "Clan Mure: AS Home". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  24. ^ Dobie, James (1876), Cuninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont. Pub. John Tweed. Glasgow. p. 399.
  25. ^ Adamson, Archibald R. (1875), Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. T. Stevenson, Kilmarnock. p. 146.
  26. ^ "Ayrshire Scotland". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  27. ^ Way, George (1994). Collins Scottish clan & family encyclopedia. Internet Archive. Glasgow : HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 978-0-00-470547-7.
  28. ^ Burke, Bernard, The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Harrison and Sons, 1864; p. 716.
  29. ^ Dobie, James. (1876) Cuninghame Topographized by Timothy Pont. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow. Facing p. 402.
  30. ^ Mure 1825, p. 35.
  31. ^ Burke, 716
  32. ^ ↑ Muir/Moore Tartan - The Scottish Register of Tartans, Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  33. ^ "Clans, Families and Septs". Electricscotland.com. 13 August 2001. Retrieved 28 October 2011.

Bibliography

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