Jump to content

Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Dudman4567 (talk | contribs) at 23:16, 26 December 2023. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Mahmud's grave, buried next to his descendants Mir Jan and Mahmud II
Cultural site in Lahore, Punjab
Cultural site in Srinagar, Kashmir

The Imamiyya-Ridhawiyya-Mahdawiyya-Qadiriyya-Naqshbandiyya-Ishaniyya Line of Succession (short: Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya) also known as the Sayyid ul Sadatiyya (Template:Lang-ar), is a cognatic Sunni line of hereditary succession to Prophet Muhammad and vice-gerency of the 12th Imam Muhammad ibn Hasan al Mahdi in occultation. It is an Orthodox-Sunni school with a central emphasis on the teachings of the Muslim Saint Sayyid Mir Jan. It is furthermore the hereditary line of supreme leadership (Ishaniyat) over the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. The line is also called the Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya hereditary line of succession to Prophet Muhammad and representation of the 12th Imam, differing from the Twelver-Shia tradition in honor of the eponymous ancestors the Hanbali Imam Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani and his cognatic descendant the Hanafi Scholar Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband.

Mawaddat al-Qurba Bloodline

The Hazrat Ishaans and their followers substantiate their leadership as rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad on the occasion of a certain biological line of Mawaddat al-Qurba from Muhammad over leading Awliya, so called Ghaus or Aqtab reaching Sayyid Mir Jan as the promised Khwaja-e-Khwajagan-Jahan, meaning "scholar of all scholars of the world". They all are descending from each other.[1]

History

Khwaja Khawand Mahmud bin Sharifuddin Al Alavi, known by his followers as "Hazrat Ishaan" was directed by his Pir Ishaq Wali Dahbidi to spread the Islam in Mughal India. His influence mostly remained in the Kashmir valley, whereupon Baqi Billah has expanded the order in other parts of India.[10] Mahmud is a significant Saint of the order as he is a direct blood descendant in the 7th generation of Baha-ul-din Naqshband, the founder of the order[10] and his son in law Ala-ul-din Atar.[11] It is because of this that Mahmud claims direct spiritual connection to his ancestor Baha-u-din.[10] Furthermore Mahmud had a significant amount of nobles as disciples, highlighting his popular influence in the Mughal Empire.[12] His main emphasis was to highlight orthodox Sunni teachings.[12] Mahmud's son Moinuddin lies buried in their Khanqah together with his wife who was the daughter of a Mughal Emperor. It is a pilgrimage site in which congregational prayers, known as "Khoja-Digar" are held in honor of Baha-ul-Din on his death anniversary the 3rd Rabi ul Awwal of the islamic lunar calendar. This practice including the "Khatm Muazzamt" is a practice that goes back to Mahmud and his son Moinuddin[10] The Kashmiri population venerate Mahmud and his family as they are regarded them as the revivers of Islam in Kashmir.[13] Mahmud was succeeded by his son Moinuddin and their progeny until the line died out on the occasion of the martyrdom of the last Ishan Kamaluddin and his family members by the Shiite warlord Amir Khan Jawansher in the eighteenth century.[11]Moinuddin successors were:

  • Bahauddin son of Mahmud
  • Ahmad son of Mahmud
  • Nizamuddin son of Sharifudin son of Moinuddin, marrying a daughter of Aurangzeb
  • Nooruddin son of Nizamuddin
  • Kamaluddin son of Nooruddin, martyred by the Shiite warlord Amir Khan Jawansher

[11]

Notable Adherents of the family

  • Timur, as an immediate student of Bahauddin Naqshband

Role of Sayyid Mir Jan

Sayyid Mir Jan as the holy Ishan is a learned Alim, honored as the contemporary Qutb based on the psychospiritual Quranic concept of the Mawaddat al-Qurba. The idea of the pure-hearted Qutb is derived from the following Hadith of Muhammad:

"Allah Almighty has created three hundred people, whose hearts are like that of Adam, and He created forty people whose hearts are like Moses. He also created seven people whose hearts are like that of Abraham, and he created five people with a heart like that of Gabriel, and three people with a heart like that of Mika’il and only one person with a heart like that of Rafa’il (Raphael).  Such a person will live among the people, and through his prayers, by Allah Almighty’s permission, life and death, rain and prosperity will come and calamity will be averted."[14][15]

Prophecy of Mahmud

It is said that Mahmud and his son Moinuddin stated that under their progeny there will come a son of them, who will revive the spiritual lineage and legacy of the family after a tragic incident, that was to be the martyrdom of family members in Srinagar. It is accepted that this successor is Sayyid Mir Jan.[16][17][18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(Stammesverzeichnis der Hazrat Ishaan Kaste)(verfasst und geschriben von: Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi Verlag: Talimat Naqshbandiyya in Lahore), p. 281
  2. ^ "The Fifth Imam, Muhammad Ibn 'Ali al-Baqir (as)". www.al-islam.org. 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  3. ^ Al Ridha (pbuh) – The life and times of Imam Ali Ibn Musa Al-Ridha, retrieved 2022-09-29
  4. ^ Günther/Lawson in Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, p. 623 f.
  5. ^ Skeikh Abu Muhammad in Kitab Makhzaanul Qadiriyya
  6. ^ Imam Abu‟l Hasan „Ali ash-Shattanawfi Nuruddin Alli Ibn Jaleel in Bahjat al Asrar
  7. ^ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tadifi al-Hanbali in Qalaid Jawahir
  8. ^ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
  9. ^ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
  10. ^ a b c d "Google Books". books.google.com. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  11. ^ a b c Weismann, Itzchak (2007-06-25). The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-35305-7.
  12. ^ a b Richards, John F. (1993). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
  13. ^ Shah, Sayid Ashraf (2021-12-06). Flower Garden: Posh-i-Chaman. Ashraf Fazili.
  14. ^ Abd Alllah Ibn Mas’ud, cited in Imam Abu Nu’aym al-Asfahani’s Magnum Opus “Hilyat-ul-Awliya”
  15. ^ Ali Hujwiri in Kashf ul Mahjoob
  16. ^ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  17. ^ Sufi Sheikhs of Pakistan and Afghanistan
  18. ^ Nicholson, Reynold (2000). Kashf al-Mahjub of al-Hajvari. E. J. W. Gibb Memorial.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qadiriyya_wa_Naqshbandiyya&oldid=1191980018"