Limax

Limax
	Limax maximus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Eupulmonata; clade Stylommatophora; informal group Sigmurethra; clade limacoid clade
Superfamily:	Limacoidea
Family:	Limacidae
Subfamily:	Limacinae
Genus:	Limax; Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	at least 33, see text
Synonyms
	Chromolimax Pini, 1877; Eulimax Moquin-Tandon, 1855; Gestroa Pini, 1877; Heynemannia Malm, 1868; Limacella Brard, 1815; Limax (Brachylimax) Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008· accepted, alternate representation; Limax (Eulimax) Moquin-Tandon, 1855; † Limax (Heinemannia) Malm, 1868 (junior objective synonym; incorrect subsequent spelling); Limax (Heynemannia) Malm, 1868 (junior objective synonym); Limax (Limax) Linnaeus, 1758· accepted, alternate representation; Macroheynemannia Simroth, 1888; Opilolimax Pini, 1877; Prolimax Simroth, 1906; Stabilea Pini, 1877;

Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.

The generic name Limax literally means "slug".

Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus) and the tawny garden slug (Limacus flavus), are considered serious garden pests.^[2]

The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic.^[3]

Distribution

This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.

Species

The genus Limax includes at least 33 species:^[4]

Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008^[5]
Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822)^[6]
Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
- Limax dacampi dacampi Menegazzi, 1855
Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960
Limax doriae Bourguignat, 1861
Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax pironae Pini, 1876
Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009^[6]
Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960

Subgenus Limacus

Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881
Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms

Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is a synonym for Lehmannia nyctelia (Bourguignat, 1861)
Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Lehmannia valentiana (Férussac, 1822)

References

^ Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
^ Ebeling. W. Chapter 12: Miscellaneous Pests. Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Urban Entomology. Department of Entomology. UC Riverside. 2002.
^ Klee, B. 2006 Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.
^ Species in genus Limax. AnimalBase. Accessed 5 May 2009.
^ Falkner, G. (2008). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – ein neuer Hochgebirgsschnegel aus den Abruzzen (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – a new high mountain slug from the Abruzzi Mountains (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 133-142.
^ ^a ^b Nitz, B., et al. (2009). Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(3): 279-294. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp030.

[linn-1] Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).

[ebel-2] Ebeling. W. Chapter 12: Miscellaneous Pests. Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Urban Entomology. Department of Entomology. UC Riverside. 2002.

[klee-3] Klee, B. 2006 Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.

[4] Species in genus Limax. AnimalBase. Accessed 5 May 2009.

[falk-5] Falkner, G. (2008). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – ein neuer Hochgebirgsschnegel aus den Abruzzen (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – a new high mountain slug from the Abruzzi Mountains (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 133-142.

[nitz-6] Nitz, B., et al. (2009). Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(3): 279-294. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp030.

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