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Six-day racing

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For the foot race, see 6 Day Race.
Racing at the 2007 Six Days of Dortmund

Six-day cycling is a track cycling event that competes over six days. Six-day races started in Britain, spread to many regions of the world, were brought to their modern style in the United States and are now mainly a European event. Initially, individuals competed alone, the winner being the individual who completed the most laps. However, the format was changed to allow teams (usually of two riders each), one rider racing while the other rested. The 24-hours a day regime has also been relaxed, so that most six-day races involve six nights of racing, typically from 6pm to 2am, on indoor tracks (velodromes). Six-day events are annually hosted in London, Berlin, Copenhagen, Hong Kong, Manchester, Melbourne and Brisbane.

The overall winner is the team which completes most laps. In the event of teams completing the same number of laps, the winner is the team with most points won in intermediate competitions (see points race). As well as the 'chase' to gain laps over competitors, a typical six-day programme will include time trials, motor-paced, intermediate sprint and elimination races. In the main 'chase' or madison events (so-called after Madison Square Garden in New York City, where the two-man format was devised), both riders may be on the track at the same time, taking it in turns to race, hand-slinging each other back into action.

Origins

The first six-day event was an individual time trial at the Agricultural Hall in Islington, London, in 1878, when a professional called David Stanton sought a bet that he could ride 1,000 miles in six successive days, riding 18 hours a day. A Mr Davis put up £100 and the stake was held by the Sporting Life newspaper. Stanton started at 6am on 25 February and won the bet in 73 hours, riding on a high-wheeled machine at an average speed of 13.5 mph.[1]

Six-day cycle races involving more than one rider grew out of the 19th-century enthusiasm for endurance and other novelty competitions. A promoter at the Agricultural Hall held a six-day walking contest in April 1877. It was enough of a success for another to be held the following year. That inspired another organiser, name no longer known, to organise a six-day race in the same hall but for cyclists, also in 1878. He hoped to attract the crowd of 20,000 a day that had turned out for the walkers.

The Islington Gazette reported:

"A bicycle contest was commenced at the Agricultural Hall, on Monday last, for which £150 is offered in prizes for a six days' competition, the money to be allocated thus: £100 for the first man, £25 for the second, £15 for the third, and £10 for the fourth."[2]

The race started at 6am with only four of the 12 entrants on the track. Although it is often said that the first six-day was a non-stop, no-sleeping event that ran without pause for six days, in fact riders joined in when they chose and slept as they wished.

The winner was Bill Cann, of Sheffield, who led from the start and finished after 1,060 miles.[3]

The first American six-days

A six-day race at Madison Square Garden II in December 1908

However, the event did not become popular until 1891, when the first Six Days of New York were held in New York's Madison Square Garden. Initially, these races were contests of raw endurance, with a single rider completing as many laps as possible. At first, races were less than 24 hours a day. Riders slept at night and were free to join in the morning when they chose. Faster riders would start later than the slower ones, who would sacrifice sleep to make up for lack of pace. Quickly, riders began competing 24 hours a day, limited only by their ability to stay awake. Many employed seconds, as in boxing, to keep them going. The seconds, known by their French name, soigneurs, were said to have used doping to keep their riders circling the track. Riders became desperately tired. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle said:

The wear and tear upon their nerves and their muscles, and the loss of sleep make them [peevish and fretful]. If their desires are not met with on the moment, they break forth with a stream of abuse. Nothing pleases them. These outbreaks do not trouble the trainers with experience, for they understand the condition the men are in.

The condition included delusions and hallucinations. Riders wobbled and fell. But they were often well paid, especially since more people came to watch as their condition worsened. Promoters in New York paid Teddy Hale $5,000 when he won in 1896 and he won "like a ghost, his face as white as a corpse, his eyes no longer visible because they'd retreated into his skull," according to one report. The New York Times said in 1897:

It is a fine thing that a man astride two wheels can, in a six-day race, distance a hound, horse, or a locomotive. It confirms the assumption, no longer much contested, that the human animal is superior to the other animals. But this undisputed thing is being said in too solemn and painful way at Madison Square Garden. An athletic contest in which participants 'go queer' in their heads, and strain their powers until their faces become hideous with the tortures that rack them, is not sport. It is brutality. Days and weeks of recuperation will be needed to put the Garden racers in condition, and it is likely that some of them will never recover from the strain.[4]

Introduction of the two-man team events

Six-day racing remained popular in the US, even though the states of New York and Illinois led in 1898 in limiting races to 12 of 24 hours.[5] The intention was to allow riders to rest half the day, but promoters realised that teams of two, with only one rider on the track at a time, would give each the 12 hours' rest the law intended while still allowing the race to go around the clock.[6] Races lasted six days rather than a week to avoid racing on Sunday.[5] Speeds rose, distances grew, crowds increased, money poured in. Where Charlie Miller rode 2,088 miles alone, Alf Goullet and a decent partner could ride 2,790. The first such race was at Madison Square Garden and two-man tag racing has become known in English as a madison and to the French as l'américaine.

In the main 'chase' or madison sessions, both riders may be on the track at the same time, taking it in turns to race, hand-slinging each other back into action. The non-racing rider will circle the track slowly at the top of the banking until 'slung' back into the race. The hand-sling is an advanced skill that, in some countries, is only allowed for professional riders. The racing rider may also propel a teammate into the race by pushing the seat of the rider's racing shorts.

The historian Raymond Dickow said of riders in the post-1898 races:

The highest paid was Alfred Goullet of Australia. He earned $1,000 a day in addition to cash prizes won during sprints. Top riders like Bobby Walthour, US; Franco Giorgetti, Italy; Gérard Debaets, Belgium; and Alfred Letourneur, France, were making from $500 to $750 a day. Amateurs who had just turned pro, and still had to prove their worth, were paid the beginners' rate of $100 a day.[6]

Bing Crosby

Sixes attracted enthusiasts and celebrities. Knute Rockne, George Raft, Barbara Stanwyck, and Otto Kruger were fans. Kruger used to invite riders home.[6] Bing Crosby – whose presence at a track guaranteed he would be met by song-publishers' touts offering him music – was said to pay the hospital bills of riders who fell.[7][8] The actress Peggy Joyce – her wealth was such that Cole Porter wrote a lyric that said My string of Rolls-Royces, is longer than Peggy Joyce's – gave regular $200 bonus prizes, or primes. She was so delighted when a band in the track centre played Pretty Peggy with eyes of Blue that she put up $1,000.[8]

Racing was at its hardest when the stands were full. Riders took it easy when they were empty and circled the track reading newspapers, talking, even writing letters as they pedalled with one foot, the other steering the handlebars. But sometimes a team would attack when things were quiet. Jimmy Walthour remembered one such night in 1933:

[At 4am], Tino Reboli and his partner were 12 laps behind the leaders. In desperation, they decided that no one would sleep that night. They knew that they had to close the gap up to stay in the race. One shift of riders had gone to the dormitory in another part of the building. Reboli and his partner, however, remained on the track. The team made its bid and gained three laps before trainers of the other teams could shake the sleeping cyclists out of bed. The jam[9] turned into one of the wildest ever experienced in the history of the Garden. It necessitated turning on the huge lights over the track, costing the Garden thousands of dollars in lighting.[6]

The only spectators were a handful of puzzled floor sweepers, garbage collectors, and sleepy reporters. At first the riders were mad at Reboli and his partner for starting the ruckus. They pedalled furiously to grind them down. But in frustration and irritation over loss of sleep, the riders became angry at one another ... As for Reboli and his partner, the session of jamming set them 12 laps behind again. The referee withdrew them from the race.[6]

Six-day racing was popular in the United States until the Second World War. Then the rise of the automobile and the Great Depression brought a decline. Dickow said: "Attempts were made to revive the sport by several different promoters but none of them managed to restore bike racing to its former popularity."[6] A further problem was that the more promoters brought in European opposition to spice up races for a potential crowd, the more the Europeans dominated and lessened the appeal for spectators. Jerry Rodman, one of the American riders, said: "In previous years, six-day bicycle racing faded only as a result of war or depression. Under the promotion of Harry Mendel, however, the sport, for the first time began to decline due to lack of spectator interest."[6]

Jimmy Walthour said: "Six-day races began to fade in 1938. It was about that time when the skater Sonja Henie was given preference to appearance dates in Madison Square Garden. December was a traditional Garden date for the races but her show replaced the races for that month."[6]

Annual sixes in Boston were discontinued in 1933, Detroit in 1936, and Chicago in 1948. The Six Days of New York hung on until 1950. There were some revivals but none succeeded. Sporting Cyclist published a picture of the last night of the Chicago six in 1957 being ridden with seven people in the quarter of the stands that the camera caught.

European popularity

Riders rest in small cabins beside the track when the race is in progress

The success of madisons in America led to their introduction in Europe. The first was at Toulouse in 1906, although it was abandoned after three days because of lack of interest.[10] Berlin tried, three years later, with success. Five races were held in Germany in 1911-12.[5] Brussels followed in 1912 and Paris in 1913.

Riders compete not only in madisons but in subsidiary competitions behind pacers

The six-day race continued to do well in Europe. Its heart was in Germany – although races were curtailed in Germany by the Nazis, a six-day event was held in 1938 and was attended by a number of international representatives. These events were strong too, in Belgium and France. In 1923 the journalist Egon Erwin Kisch attended the tenth staging of the Berlin Six Day Race and wrote a celebrated piece "Elliptische Tretmuehle" (Elliptical Treadmill). London saw one race at Olympia in July 1923,[11] and then a series of races at Wembley starting in 1936. The local man, Frank Southall, crashed and left for hospital. So did another British hope, Syd Cozens. Only nine of the 15 teams lasted the race.[10] The series continued, with more success, until the start of the second world war in 1939.

Racing began hesitantly after 1945. The first in Germany for 17 years were in 1950;[5] two further races were held at Wembley in 1951 and 1952. Eventually, though, European races began to decline. Races continued through the night, as they had in the US, but the costs of keeping open stadiums for partygoers who'd missed the bus and a small number of dedicated fans was too great. London dropped night racing when it revived six-day racing in 1967 at Earls Court and the following year at Wembley a new organiser, former rider Ron Webb, scheduled just the afternoon and evening, with a break between sessions. Other organisers were not impressed and insisted Webb call his race a "six" and not a "six-day". One by one, however, they followed Webb's pattern and there are now no old-style 24-hour races left. The last was Madrid. There the riders trundled round all night or, if they could get away with it, slipped off for bed. Tom Simpson remembered:

Our mechanic and general runner was David Nice, an Englishman from Colchester, who was not unlike me in a way, for his nose appeared to be, profile view anyway, very similar to mine (poor lad!) and I hit on the splendid idea of putting him out on the track in my place during the neutralised period. Tracksuited, a scarf over the lower part of his face and a Russian hat that I had bought completed the disguise. He was me to anyone giving a cursory glance at the figures plodding round the track. The get-up was quite in order for it became very cold there at night as they used to turn off all the heating. Everything went well for the first night of the wheeze and I congratulated myself on the plan. It could not go on for ever, though, worse luck, for on the very next night the game was up. Dave was trundling round wrapped up to the eyebrows as before when, horrors upon horrors, the track manager, who often rode a bike round himself during the quiet time, started to talk to him.[12]

He thought it was me at first and chatted away quite happily to Dave, whose French was near enough non-existent. Well, it was not long before he sensed something was wrong and whipped the scarf off the poor lad's face. He stormed over to my cabin and dragged me out, half asleep, on to the track. That was that! He and the other officials kept their eyes on us after that and we had little chance of getting away with any more larks like that.[12]

The London Six at Wembley continued annually until 1980.[13]

Reinventing six day cycling

Founded in 2013, Madison Sports Group, a promoter of cycling events, decided in 2015 to reinvigorate the competition through the introduction of new Six day cycling events in six major cities across the globe, which together form the Six Day Series.[14] The series starts in London travelling across the world, where it touches down in Berlin, Copenhagen, Melbourne and Manchester, before concluding in Brisbane. Although the Six Day Series is their flagship concept, MSG have previously promoted the Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Mallorca Six Day events and are unveiling as Hong Kong the first host in Asia in March 2019.[15]

In 2015, not long after the London 2012 Olympic Games, Madison Sports Group brought Six day Cycling back to London, the event being held at the Lee Valley Velodrome, which had been built as part of the Olympic legacy. Sir Bradley Wiggins chose the 2016 London event as his last UK track appearance and riders like the Australian Olympic gold medallists Cameron Meyer and Callum Scotson have also featured.[16]

The women’s event has also grown with the opportunity to compete in the Madison, an added attraction for some of the world’s best exponents of track racing. Two-time world champion Kirsten Wild has attended in previous years, whilst Six Day Manchester 2019 will see Britain’s joint most-decorated female Olympic track cyclist, Laura Kenny, compete. Kenny will also be joined by Six Day London 2017 and Olympic team Pursuit champion Katie Archibald, and fellow British Cycling teammate Elinor Barker, an Olympic, two-time world and four-time European champion.

Outline of the event

The Men’s racing is broken into two separate competitions: The Elite Men’s (riders compete for the Six Day title) and The Sprinters competition.

The Elite Men’s competition

  • Teams of two riders race over six consecutive evenings
  • Each evening, there are multiple races across a variety of sprint and endurance disciplines
  • In some disciplines, it is possible for teams to lap the field. This is known as ‘taking a lap’. Taking laps lifts a team up the overall standings.
  • As well as trying to take laps, teams also race to accumulate points in each discipline. These are vital to establish the overall lead, known as the ‘general classification ‘. The team that has taken the most laps on the rest of the field will lead the general classification, but should teams find themselves on the same number of laps then the number of points will decide who wins.

For the Elite Men, teams compete in four events as outlined below:

  • The Madison – This race is the quintessential ‘Six Day’ event. With the Madison now part of the Olympic Games programme, both men and women will have Madison races in the Six Day Series. Riding in pairs, each team member takes turns to race, bringing his or her partner into the race with a ‘hand-sling’. Highly tactical, Six Day Madison races still concentrate on ‘taking a lap’ which is the traditional format and can lead to hugely tactical, as well as explosive racing. Throughout a Six Day event there are differing versions of the race, including a 45-minute chase, a 500m Time Trial and the Madison Finale which can often decide the entire event.
  • Team Elimination - Unlike most races, the action tends to take place at the back of the pack in the elimination. Every two laps the rider at the back of the race is eliminated – all the way through until there are only two riders left, who sprint it out for the win. It's not possible to take a lap in an elimination race and instead riders battle it out for points.
  • Derny – The Derny involves eight riders and eight Derny (motorbike) pacers. The pacer/rider combination is done by drawing names from a hat pre-race. In the Derny race, a rider from each team lines up behind a motorised pacer that can go up to speeds of 70 km/h, creating a slipstream for the rider behind. For the heats, the race takes place over 40 laps where the winner is the rider who is first to complete the set number of laps. For the finals it's over 60 laps and the riders compete as teams. Halfway through the race a second rider from each team will be hand-slung into the race by their partner behind the Derny and then the second rider completes the race. Again, first past the line wins and it's 20 points for the winner.
  • Points Race –takes place over 30 laps. Like the Madison, riders can take laps on their opponents- but this time acquires points. Lap the field and it's 20 points. Lose a lap and you lose 20 points. Every five laps, the bell rings signalling that there is a sprint competition for one lap. The winner of that sprint gets five points, second gets three points, third two points and fourth wins one point.

Sprinters

As well as the Elite Men’s racing, Six Day also features a competition for sprinters which is also raced over the six evenings. Sprinters compete in three disciplines, where the points accumulated determine an overall winner. These events are:

  • 200m Flying Time Trial – Sprinters have three laps to circle the track, where on the last lap their fastest time is recorded.
  • Sprint Competition – Depending on the results in the time trial, racers will be paired up against each other. Although labelled a ‘sprint’ and lasting only three laps, in the early part of the contest you can expect to see riders slowly circle the track in a game of 'cat and mouse', each trying to out-position their rival in order to launch a surprise dash for the line. The race often comes down to the last 50m but you may see some riders choosing to go early.
  • Keirin – Originated in Japan, where it is hugely popular. For the opening laps the riders must stay behind the motorbike (the Derny) which paces the riders with increasing speed. Positioning behind the Derny is paramount and riders will try to jostle each other out of position to get an advantage over their rivals. With 2.5 laps to go the Derny exits the track and the race is on.

The Six Day Series Women’s Event

Within the Women’s event are two categories: The Elite Women’s and The UCI Women’s Omnium. The Elite Women’s competition consists of three events as outlined below:

  • Scratch Race – The race takes place over 40 laps and the winner is the rider crossing the line first. Riders compete by taking laps from their opponents instead of first to finish the 40 laps.
  • Elimination Race – Same as the Men’s Elimination race
  • 20 km Madison – Is the same as the men’s event, however is 80 laps with sprint intervals of 10 laps.

The winning team is the one with the most points and this is important for the riders, as the race carries UCI International Rider Ranking Points

UCI Women’s Omnium

Since the start of the 2017 season Six Day now hosts a full UCI Omnium for the Women. This consists of four events:

  • 7.5 km Scratch Race – Same as Scratch race, however only 30 laps.
  • 7.5 km Tempo Race – After four laps of racing, the bell will ring on every lap with the first rider passing the line on each lap receiving a point. Should a rider take a lap she will receive 20 points and whose who lose a lap will be deducted 20 points.
  • Elimination Race – Similar to Team Elimination – but riders compete as individuals. After two laps of the race, the bell rings and the last rider across the line on the following lap is eliminated and has to leave the track. This happens every other lap and the final two riders sprint for the win. For this race the points system is as follows:
    • 1st – 40 points
    • 2nd - 38 points
    • 3rd - 36 points
    • 4th – 34 points

20 km Points Race – Takes place over 80 laps with 20 points to be won every time a rider laps an opponent and 20 points to be lost if lapped. The race also includes a sprint race every 10 laps five points for the winner, second gets three points, third receives two points and the fourth only one point – The Winner of the race is the rider with the highest points total.

Most six-day victories

Names in bold are riders still racing.

Nr. Name Nationality Races won Races ridden Win average
1 Patrick Sercu Belgian 88 223 0,3946
2 Danny Clark Australian 74 235 0,3149
3 René Pijnen Dutch 72 233 0,3090
4 Peter Post Dutch 65 155 0,4194
5 Bruno Risi Swiss 61 178 0,3427
6 Rik Van Steenbergen Belgian 40 134 0,2985
7 William Peden Canadian 38 127 0,2992
Etienne De Wilde Belgian 38 197 0,1929
9 Kurt Betschart Swiss 37 142 0,2606
Klaus Bugdahl German 37 229 0,1616
11 Gustav Kilian German 34 90 0,3778
Albert Fritz German 34 198 0,1717
13 Fritz Pfenninger Swiss 33 181 0,1823
14 Heinz Vopel German 32 74 0,4324
Piet van Kempen Dutch 32 110 0,2909
Franco Marvulli Swiss 32 112 0,3333
17 Dietrich Thurau German 29 97 0,2990
18 Silvio Martinello Italian 28 97 0,2887
19 Dieter Kemper German 26 165 0,1576
20 Emile Severeyns Belgian 25 151 0,1656
21 Andreas Kappes German 24 116 0,2069
Marco Villa Italian 24 141 0,1702
23 Iljo Keisse Belgian 23 72 0,3194
Rudi Altig German 23 79 0,2911
Ferdinando Terruzzi Italian 23 121 0,1901
Tony Doyle British 23 139 0,1655
Sigi Renz German 23 159 0,1447
28 Alfred Letourneur French 21 84 0,2500
Robert Bartko German 21 76 0,2800
Reggie McNamara Australian 21 119 0,1764
Palle Lykke Danish 21 122 0,1721
Urs Freuler Swiss 21 139 0,1511
33 Gert Frank Danish 20 143 0,1399
34 Gerrit Schulte Dutch 19 73 0,2603
35 Eddy Merckx Belgian 17 35 0,4857
Jan Pijnenburg Dutch 17 50 0,3400
Gerard Debaets Belgian 17 90 0,1889
Donald Allan Australian 17 107 0,1589
Matthew Gilmore Belgian 17 107 0,1589
40 Cecil Yates American 16 57 0,2807
Sid Patterson Australian 16 57 0,2807
Jean Roth Swiss 16 85 0,1882
Reg Arnold Australian 16 103 0,1553
Leo Duyndam Dutch 16 143 0,1119
Danny Stam Dutch 16 111 0,1744
Wilfried Peffgen German 16 188 0,0851
47 Francesco Moser Italian 15 35 0,4285
Alfred Goullet Australian 15 29 0,5172
Scott McGrory Australian 15 69 0,2029
Roman Hermann Liechtensteiner 15 182 0,0824
Adriano Baffi Italian 15 99 0,1515
52 Kay Werner Nielsen Danish 14 56 0,2500
53 Armin von Büren Swiss 13 58 0,2241
Jens Veggerby Danish 13 89 0,1461
Erik Zabel German 13 28 0,4643
56 Rik Van Looy Belgian 12 43 0,2791
Graeme Gilmore Australian 12 100 0,1200
58 Gregor Braun German 11 44 0,2500
Günther Haritz German 11 83 0,1325
Robert Slippens Dutch 11 70 0,1571
61 Rolf Aldag German 10 29 0,3448
Horst Oldenburg German 10 100 0,1000
Lucien Gillen Luxembourger 10 116 0,0862
Wolfgang Schulze German 10 135 0,0741

Six-days

Six at Number of editions First ridden Last ridden Most wins by
Adelaide (SA) 6 1960 1967 Sid Patterson, Nino Solari (2)
Amsterdam
Six Days of Amsterdam		 22 1932 2014 Danny Stam (4)
Antwerp
Six Days of Antwerp		 52 1934 1994 Peter Post (11)
Apeldoorn 1 2009 2009 Leon van Bon, Pim Ligthart and Robert Bartko (1)
Århus 9 1954 1961 Kay Werner Nielsen (4)
Atlantic City
Six Days of Atlantic City		 2 1909 1932 No repeat winners
Bassano del Grappa
Six Days of Bassano del Grappa		 8 1986 1998 Danny Clark (3)
Bendigo (Vic) 1 1960 1960 Bill Lawrie, Vic Brown (1)
Berlin
Six Days of Berlin		 108 1909 2019 Klaus Bugdahl (9)
Boston
Six Days of Boston		 13 1901 1933 Alfred Goullet, Alfred Hill, Norman Hill (2)
Bremen
Six Days of Bremen		 51 1910 2014 René Pijnen (7)
Breslau 8 1921 1931 Piet van Kempen, Willy Rieger (3)
Brisbane (Qld) 1 1932 1932 Richard Lamb, Jack Standen (1)
Brussels
Six Days of Brussels		 46 1912 1971 Rik Van Steenbergen (8)
Buenos Aires
Six Days of Buenos Aires		 27 1936 2000 Jorge Batiz (5)
Charleroi 3 1967 1969 Patrick Sercu (2)
Chicago 50 1915 1957 Gustav Kilian (6)
Cologne
Six Days of Cologne		 46 1928 1997 Albert Fritz (6)
Copenhagen
Six Days of Copenhagen		 52 1933 2014 Danny Clark (8)
Cremona 1 2009 2009 Walter Pérez, Sebastian Donadio (1)
Dortmund
Six Days of Dortmund		 67 1926 2008 Patrick Sercu, Rolf Aldag (8)
Fiorenzuola d'Arda
Six Days of Fiorenzuola		 17 1998 2016 Franco Marvulli(4)
Frankfurt
Six Days of Frankfurt		 37 1911 1983 Dietrich Thurau, Patrick Sercu (5)
Ghent
Six Days of Ghent		 79 1922 2019 Patrick Sercu (11)
Grenoble
Six Days of Grenoble		 44 1971 2014 Franco Marvulli (6)
Groningen 4 1970 1979 Klaus Bugdahl, Dieter Kemper (2)
Hanover 10 1913 1981 Emile Carrara (2)
Hasselt
Six Days of Hasselt		 4 2006 2009 Bruno Risi (3)
Herning 14 1974 1998 Gert Frank (5)
Launceston (Tas) 21 1961 1987 Keith Oliver (4)
London
Six Day London		 24 1923 2017 Patrick Sercu (8)
Maastricht 13 1976 2006 René Pijnen (6)
Madrid
Six Days of Madrid		 14 1960 1986 Rik Van Steenbergen (3)
Maryborough (Qld) 3 1961 1967 Bruce Clark, Robert Ryan, Jim Luttrel, Ronald Murray, Sid Patterson, Barry Waddell (1)
Melbourne (Vic) 24 1912 2017 Leandro Faggin, Sid Patterson (3)
Milan 29 1927 2008 Francesco Moser (6)
Montréal 37 1929 1980 William Peden (7)
Munich
Six Days of Munich		 46 1933 2009 Bruno Risi (9)
Münster 34 1950 1988 Jean Roth (5)
New York
Six Days of New York		 70 1899 1961 Alfred Goullet, Franco Giorgetti (8)
Newark
Six Days of Newark		 4 1910 1915 No repeat winners
Newcastle (NSW) 3 1961 1970 Sid Patterson (2)
Nouméa 18 1977 2003 Robert Sasson, Jean-Michel Tessier (4)
Paris
Six Days of Paris		 42 1913 1989 Piet van Kempen, Schulte, Achiel Bruneel, Albert Billiet, Jean Aerts, Georges Seres (3)
Perth (WA) 5 1961 1989 Peter Panton, Klaus Stiefler, Ronald Murray, Enzo Sacchi, Ian Campbell, Barry Waddell Sid Patterson, John Young, Kim Eriksen, Michael Marcussen (1)
Rio de Janeiro
Six Days of Rio de Janeiro		 1 1956 1956 Severino Rigoni, Bruno Sivilotti (1)
Rotterdam
Six Days of Rotterdam		 32 1936 2015 René Pijnen (10)
Stuttgart
Six Days of Stuttgart		 31 1928 2008 Andreas Kappes (6)
São Paulo
Six Days of São Paulo		 2 1957 1959 Severino Rigoni, Bruno Sivilotti, Antonio Alba, Claudio Rosa (1)
Sydney (NSW) 17 1912 1974 Ken Ross (3)
Tilburg 2 2009 2011 Tristan Marquet, Franco Marvulli, Nick Stöpler, Yoeri Havik (1)
Townsville (Qld) 1 1962 1962 Barry Lowe, Sid Patterson (1)
Turin 7 2001 2008 Marco Villa (4)
Whyalla (SA) 3 1966 1968 Sid Patterson, Robert Ryan, Joe Ciavola, Barry Waddell, Keith Oliver, Charly Walsh (1)
Zuidlaren 2 2007 2008 Bruno Risi, Franco Marvulli, Danny Stam, Robert Slippens (1)
Zürich
Six Days of Zürich		 58 1954 2013 Bruno Risi (11)

Six-day racing was portrayed in the 1934 movie 6 Day Bike Rider.

Six-day races

References

  1. ^ Sporting Cyclist, UK, October 1967, p. 12
  2. ^ Cited Woodland, Les, This Island Race, Mousehold Press, UK
  3. ^ "The Beginnings - in Victorian England". Six Day Cycle Races. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  4. ^ Cited Cycling, UK, 30 November 1982
  5. ^ a b c d Everything 2, Six-day racing by Albert Herring
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Silent Sixes of the States, Sporting Cyclist, UK, undated cutting
  7. ^ Chany, Pierre (1988), La Fabuleuse Histoire de Cyclisme, Nathan, France
  8. ^ a b Procycling, UK, December 1999
  9. ^ A dated term for a hectic chase during a madison race.
  10. ^ a b Islington 1878-Wembley 1951, Coureur, UK, undated cutting
  11. ^ "1923 - The First of the Modern Era". Six Day Cycle Race. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  12. ^ a b Simpson, Tom (1966), Cycling is My Life, Stanley Paul, UK
  13. ^ "1980 - Allen & Clark Take The Final Race". Six Day Cycle Race. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  14. ^ "What is Six Day?". Six Day Series. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  15. ^ "Nieuw evenement: ‘Six Day Hong Kong’", Baanwacht, 21 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Six Day London confirms line-up". Cyclingnews. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
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