Judo in the United States
| Judo in the United States | |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Governing body | USA Judo |
| National team(s) | United States Olympics team |
There are three main organizations that govern judo in the United States. The United States Judo Federation (USJF) started in 1952. The concentration of the USJF is on the east and west coasts, but also in Chicago and Hawaii. The United States Judo Association (USJA) was founded in 1968 as an extension of the Armed Forces Judo Association (AFJA) when it broke off from the USJF to focus on a more Americanized structure. The USJA is mostly concentrated in California and Florida, but also popular in the Midwest and Southeast. The United States Judo, Inc. (USJI), doing business as USA Judo, was founded in 1978 and has its headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It may be slightly larger than the USJA and USJF, as they have crossover members from both of these organizations, since they are the designated national governing body of the USOC for the Olympics.[1]
The sport was first introduced to the United States in about 1902 when then US President, Theodore Roosevelt, practiced in the White House.[2] Judo began to develop in the 1950s when it became required for the US Air Force. After these advances it was officially recognized as an AAU sport, and there have been national competitions and tournaments ever since. The United States formed an Olympic team and competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics, which it continues to do to this day. Judo is now practiced by and estimated 100,000 American men, women, and children (25,000 registered in either the USJA, USJF, and USA Judo).[3]
History
America's first major contact exposure to judo came through President Ulysses S. Grant in 1879.[4] He was in Japan for a state visit and observed a judo demonstration. In 1889, Kanō Jigorō gave a lecture on the philosophy of judo to several Americans; however, the lecture had little effect on mainstream judo growth. The first American to actually study judo was Prof. Ladd from Yale University, in 1889. He trained at the Kodokan in Japan for about ten years; by 1908 about 13 Americans were training there. In 1919, Prof. John Dewey of Columbia University came to visit Prof. Ladd and Master Kano, many years later he took his knowledge back to Columbia and began the first U.S. college judo program. While some students were training in Japan there was some action in the U.S.
Perhaps one of the most important figures in the U.S. development of judo is Yamashita Yoshitsugu, who came to the U.S. in 1902 in order to teach judo to the Japanese community.[5][6] Yoshiaki ended up teaching Senator James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.'s wife, who happened to attend the same country club as Theodore Roosevelt. Mrs. Wadsworth told Roosevelt about judo, and he became interested in the sport.
Yoshiaki was subsequently invited to Washington to give a demonstration at the White House. There was a contest with a wrestler by the name of John Graft, who was the coach at the U.S. Naval Academy and who was teaching President Roosevelt wrestling. Although Yoshiaki threw him time after time, Graft continued to get up. Finally, Yoshiaki decided that he would do mat work with Graft, since there seemed to be no end to the match. Yoshiaki got an armlock on Graft, but the wrestler would not give up. Yoshiaki kept up the pressure until Graft groaned as his arm came close to breaking. President Roosevelt was impressed and took judo lessons. After leaving office, he kept mats in his home. He studied judo for about a year, earning a brown belt.[citation needed]
Through the help of the president, Yoshiaki taught judo at the naval academy. Judo suddenly had its first strong roots in the United States. Yoshiaki decided to return to Japan, but other Japanese Judo participants followed his example. The judo concentration was mainly centered in Washington before World War II, but several centers existed on the west coast, including Tokugoro Ito's dojo in Los Angeles, which was founded in 1910.[7]
Judo first entered the Western United States when Dr. T Ito began teaching Judo in Denver in the 1930s. During World War II Judo was banned in many areas due to the Japanese fear; however, a boom followed the war. Many servicemen picked up martial arts during the war and returned home to teach them all across the country.[8] The official judo federations formed in the 50s and 60s.
Olympics
The United States is not a major power in judo.[9] Kayla Harrison is the most successful American Judo Olympian with 2 gold medals[10][11][12]Jimmy Pedro is the most successful male American Judo Olympian. [13]
References
- ^ "Judopedia". judopedia.com.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Theodore Roosevelt: Mojo in the Dojo". Mental Floss.
- ^ "Judo History". judoinfo.com.
- ^ file:///C:/Users/Leonard/Downloads/FushimiKatsutoshi1993.pdf
- ^ Inc, Active Interest Media (1 May 1977). "Black Belt". Active Interest Media, Inc. – via Google Books.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Lee, Jonathan H. X.; Nadeau, Kathleen M. (1 January 2011). "Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife". ABC-CLIO. Retrieved 11 October 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ Arnold, Bruce Makoto. "Pacific Childhood Dreams and Desires in the Rafu: Multiple Transnational Modernisms and the Los Angeles Nisei, 1918-1942".
- ^ Ling, Huping; Austin, Allan W. (17 March 2015). "Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia". Routledge. Retrieved 11 October 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ Perrotta, Tom (19 July 2016). "How an American Took Down Judo". Retrieved 11 October 2016 – via Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Carpenter, Les (11 August 2016). "USA's Kayla Harrison wins second straight Olympic judo gold". Retrieved 11 October 2016 – via The Guardian.
- ^ "Is Ronda Rousey the savior judo has been waiting for?". MMAjunkie. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ Mihoces, Gary (8 March 2012). "U.S. judo making move to become powerhouse after medal grab". usatoday.com. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
- ^ "Jimmy Pedro and his dad: Guardians at USA Judo gate | Sports". newburyportnews.com. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2016-08-17.