Snooker at the Summer Paralympics
In September 1943, the British government asked neurologist Ludwig Guttmann to establish the National Spinal Injuries Centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire.[1]: 1 When the centre opened in 1944, Guttmann was appointed its director and held the position until 1966.[2] Sport was introduced as part of the total rehabilitation programme for patients at the centre, starting with darts, snooker, punchball, and skittles, followed by archery.[1]: 1–3
Guttmann organised the first Stoke Mandeville Games for paraplegic persons in the form of an archery demonstration with two teams, which took place on 29 July 1948, the same day as the start of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Netball was then added as an event in 1949, and javelin throw in 1950. Snooker was first introduced into the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1951 and was included in every annual event up to 1959.[1]: 4–12, 45
Guttmann originally used the term Paraplegic Games, a name that eventually developed into the "Paralympic Games" (or "Paralympics"), which were first held in Rome alongside the Summer Olympics in 1960.[3]
Snooker was included at the inaugural Summer Paralympics of 1960, held in Rome. The event took place outdoors in a covered area of a running track, on a table that was sent over from Stoke Mandeville Hospital.[1]: 56 With the exception of 1980,[a] snooker was then contested at each subsequent Summer Paralympics until 1988, a total of seven Paralympic Games.[4]
Snooker was only open to male competitors at the Paralympics.[1]: 368 Over its Paralympic history, the event was dominated by Great Britain, who won eight gold medals in the sport, three of which were awarded to Nottinghamshire player Michael Shelton.
Medal winners
Men
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's paraplegic open | Cliff Keaton Great Britain
|
Michael Shelton Great Britain
|
Giovanni Ferraris Italy
|
George Portelli Malta
|
- 1964[6]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's paraplegic open | Michael Shelton Great Britain
|
Frank Vecera United States
|
Claude Markham Malta
|
| George Portelli Malta
|
- 1968[7]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's paraplegic open | Michael Shelton Great Britain
|
Jimmy Gibson Ireland
|
John Newton Australia
|
| Aroldo Ruschioni Italy
|
- 1972
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's paraplegic[8] | Michael Shelton Great Britain
|
Jimmy Gibson Ireland
|
Aroldo Ruschioni Italy
|
| Men's tetraplegic[9][1]: 112 | Peter Haslam Great Britain
|
Cliff Rickard Australia
|
Chris McGann Great Britain
|
- 1976
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's 2-5[10] | D. Mellway Canada
|
Brian Faulkner Great Britain
|
Michael Shelton Great Britain
|
| Men's A-C[11] | Tommy Taylor Great Britain
|
Rod Vleiger United States
|
P. Haslam Great Britain
|
- 1984
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's paraplegic[12] | Jimmy Gibson Ireland
|
J. Buchanan Great Britain
|
Mike Langley Great Britain
|
| Men's tetraplegic[13] | P. Haslam Great Britain
|
K. Ellison Great Britain
|
Tommy Taylor Great Britain
|
- 1988[14]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's open | Mike Langley Great Britain
|
Michael White Ireland
|
Maurice Job Great Britain
|
Notes
- ^ Snooker was not included in the 1980 Summer Paralympics possibly because it was not an established sport in the Netherlands.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Brittain, Ian (2012). From Stoke Mandeville to Stratford : a history of the summer paralympic games (PDF). Champaign, Illinois: Common Ground Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-86335-988-7.
- ^ Wilkens, Miriem (29 June 2019). "Ludwig Guttmann". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "History of the Paralympic Movement". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Going for Gold". World Snooker Tour. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Snooker (Rome 1960)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker (Tokyo 1964)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament Open (Tel Aviv 1968)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament Paraplegic (Heidelberg 1972)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament Tetraplegic (Heidelberg 1972)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament 2-5 (Toronto 1976)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament A-C (Toronto 1976)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament Paraplegic (Stoke Mandeville & New York 1984)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker – Men's Tournament Tetraplegic (Stoke Mandeville & New York 1984)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Snooker (Seoul 1988)". paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
External links
- Snooker. National Paralympic Heritage Trust.
- Snooker chasing Paralympic dream. BBC video (6 December 2015) with Nigel Mawner, chairman of World Disability Billiards and Snooker.
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