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Argulidae

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Argulidae
Argulus sp. on a stickleback
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Maxillopoda
Subclass:
Branchiura
Order:
Arguloida

Yamaguti, 1963
Family:
Argulidae

Leach, 1819
Genera & species

See text

The family Argulidae contains the carp lice or fish lice – a group of parasitic crustaceans of uncertain position within the Maxillopoda. Although they are thought to be primitive forms, they have no fossil record. The Argulidae are the only family in the order Arguloida (occasionally "Arguloidea"),[1] although a second family, the Dipteropeltidae, has been proposed.[2]

Description

Fish lice vary in size from just a few millimetres to over 30 mm (1.2 in) long, with females usually somewhat larger than the males.[3] Almost all species in the family are ectoparasites on fish, with a few on invertebrates or amphibians.[3][4] They have a flattened, oval body, which is almost entirely covered by a wide carapace. Their compound eyes are prominent, and the mouthparts and the first pair of antennae are modified to form a hooked, spiny proboscis armed with suckers, as an adaptation to parasitic life. They have four pairs of thoracic appendages, which are used to swim when not attached to the host.[3] They leave their hosts for up to three weeks to mate and lay eggs, and reattach behind the fish's operculum, where they feed on mucus and sloughed-off scales, or pierce the skin and feed on the internal fluids.[4] The eggs hatch into parasitic postnauplius larvae.

Classification

The 173 recognised species are divided among six genera.[5] The centres of diversity are the Afrotropical and Neotropical ecozones.[3]

Argulus O. F. Müller, 1785:[6]

Binoculus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1762:[7]

Chonopeltis Thiele, 1900:[8]

Dipteropeltis Callman, 1912:[9]

Dolops Audouin, 1837:[10]

Huargulus Yü, 1938:[11]

Impact

Fish lice occasionally reach high enough densities to cause fish kills in aquaculture operations, or more rarely in wild populations of fish. They can also become abundant in aquaria, sometimes resulting in the death of ornamental fish.[3]

References

  1. ^ Joel W. Martin; George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.
  2. ^ P. Myers; R. Espinosa; C. S. Parr; T. Jones; G. S. Hammond; T. A. Dewey (2006). "Animal Diversity Web: Arguloidea". University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2007-12-01. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  3. ^ a b c d e William J. Poly (2008). "Global diversity of fishlice (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) in freshwater". In Estelle V. Balian; Christian Lévêque; Hendrik Segers (eds.). Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Volume 198 of Developments in Hydrobiology. Vol. 595. Springer. pp. 209–212. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9015-3. ISBN 978-1-4020-8258-0. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b Ben Waggoner. "Introduction to the Branchiura". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
  5. ^ Geoff Boxshall (September 5, 2009). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Argulidae". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  6. ^ Geoff Boxshall (May 13, 2009). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Argulus O. F. Müller, 1785". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  7. ^ T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Binoculus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1762". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  8. ^ T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Chonopeltis Thiele, 1900". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  9. ^ T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Dipteropeltis Callman, 1912". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  10. ^ T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Dolops Audouin, 1837". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  11. ^ T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Huargulus Yü, 1938". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
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