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Run down

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For other uses, see Rundown (disambiguation).
Run down
TypeStew
Place of originJamaica, Tobago
Main ingredientsFish (typically mackerel), coconut milk, plantain, yams, tomatoes, onion, seasonings

Run down, also referred to as rundown,[1] run dun,[2] rondón, fling-me-far and fling mi for[3] is a stew dish in Jamaican cuisine and Tobago cuisine.[4] The traditional Jamaican dish is eaten in several Latin American countries that share a coast with the Caribbean Sea.

It consists of a soup made up of reduced coconut milk[2] with different types of seafood (fish, crabs, small lobsters or shellfish), plantain,[5] yam, tomato,[6] onion and seasonings.[4][7] Mackerel and salted mackerel[4][8] is often used in the dish. Other fish are also used, including locally-caught fish, cod, salt cod, shad,[2] other oily fish,[6] red snapper, swordfish[9] Pickled fish,[10] bull pizzle and cassava.[11] Traditionally, the dish is served with side dishes of dumplings or baked breadfruit.[5]

Run down is typically available in Jamaican restaurants,[9][12] and is also a traditional Jamaican breakfast dish.[8] It is a common dish in the Antilles, insular Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Venezuela too.

History

Rondón originated in Jamaica and was exported to Latin America by the Afro-Jamaican immigrant workers who migrated in the early 19th century to build projects such as the Panama Canal and the Costa Rican railroads.[13][14] The dish is unique to the island, which its population, having left their homes in Africa, Europe, and Asia, were forced to use the limited amount of goods (for example, fish and coconut milk) that were wildly available. Although most Jamaicans are of mixed African descent, the dish is not consumed on the African mainland nor on any other continent. It is now, however, consumed by small minorities on the island of Tobago as well as areas of South and Central America which have Jamaican expats.[15]

Rondón is a Jamaican Patois anglicism of the words "run down", which describes the "runny" or "liquefied" nature of the sauce. The name could also originate from the manner in which the fish is thoroughly cooked until it falls apart, or "runs down".[10]

Preparation

A plate of Rondón
Preparation of Rondón at San Andrés

Since rondón is a traditional dish shared by different countries, the ingredients may vary from region to region. However, coconut milk is an essential ingredient in all the variants.

In Nicaragua the meat used might be fish, beef, pork or even turtle meat—a common ingredient in Caribbean cuisine but also illegal in some countries—to which seasonings are added. It might include bell peppers, onion, bananas, cassava, elephant's ear and Argan. On the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, the ingredients include cassava, taro, yam, plantain and green bananas. The meat might be fish, lobsters or crabs and spices such as thyme, garlic, onions and yellow lantern chilli or "chile panameño", an important ingredient in Costa Rican cuisine. It can be served with flour dumplings. On the Colombian isle of San Andrés, the ingredients used are fish, snails, other seafood or pork. The vegetables include cassava, taro, plantain, potatoes and the spices used include basil, oregano, peppers, onion, garlic and poultry seasoning. In Panama, the seafood prepared with coconut milk can be served with rice, tostones or "patacones", and salad.

In coastal areas of Colombia, "rundown" refers to conch stew.[16] This dish may be prepared with conch meat, salt pork, root vegetables, breadfruit and plantains cooked in coconut milk.[16].

In Trinidad[4] Grenada, and Barbados[16] a similar dish that utilizes palm oil is referred to as "oil-down", which is generally prepared with salted beef or pork, breadfruit, palm oil and seasonings boiled in coconut milk until it reaches a thick consistency.[4] This dish is similar to yumma, a Koongo dish.[4]

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ^ Jamaica - Montego Bay, Port Antonio and Ocho Rios - John Bigley - Google Books p. (unlisted)
  2. ^ a b c Jamaica: A Visitor's Guide - Harry S. Pariser - Google Books p. 64.
  3. ^ Dictionary of Jamaican English - Google Books p. 182.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Jamaica in Slavery and Freedom: History, Heritage, and Culture - Google Books p. 99.
  5. ^ a b The Food of Jamaica: Authentic Recipes from the Jewel of the Caribbean - John Demers, Eduardo Fuss - Google Books p. 62.
  6. ^ a b Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World - Mark Kurlansky - Google Books p. (unlisted).
  7. ^ Caribbean - Bruce Geddes - Google Books p. 257.
  8. ^ a b Hartz, Deborah S. (August 1, 1991). "Authentic Jamaican breakfast". Ocala Star-Banner. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
  9. ^ a b Caribbean - Bruce Geddes - Google Books p. 133
  10. ^ a b Jamaica - Montego Bay, Port Antonio and Ocho Rios - John Bigley - Google Books p. (unlisted).
  11. ^ Jamaica Alive!. - Paris Permenter, John Bigley - Google Books p. 13.
  12. ^ Ebony - Google Books p. 142.
  13. ^ Lefever, Harry G. Turtle Bogue: Afro-Caribbean life and culture in a Costa Rican village. Susquehanna University Press. p. 198. ISBN 9780313305344.
  14. ^ Ayora-Diaz, Steffan Igor. Cooking Technology Transformations in Culinary Practice in Mexico and Latin America. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781474234696.
  15. ^ Higman, B.W. Jamaican Food: History, Biology, Culture. University of the West Indies Press, 2008. p. 168. ISBN 9766402051.
  16. ^ a b c Beyond Gumbo: Creole Fusion Food from the Atlantic Rim - Jessica B. Harris - Google Books pp. 235-236.
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