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144,000

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← 143999 144000 144001 →
Cardinalone hundred forty-four thousand
Ordinal144000th
(one hundred forty-four thousandth)
Factorization27 × 32 × 53
Greek numeral͵δ´
Roman numeralCXLIV or CXLMMMM
Binary1000110010100000002
Ternary210221121003
Senary30304006
Octal4312008
Duodecimal6B40012
Hexadecimal2328016

144,000 is a natural number. It has significance in various religious movements and ancient prophetic belief systems.

Religion

Christianity

144,000 with Trumpets, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld

Book of Revelation

The number 144,000 has religious significance for Christians because of its use in the Book of Revelation, where it appears three times:

  • Revelation 7:3–8:

... saying: "Do not harm the earth or the sea or the trees, until after we have sealed the servants of God on their foreheads."
And I heard the number of the sealed, a hundred and forty-four thousand, sealed from every tribe of the sons of Israel:
12,000 from the tribe of Judah were sealed,
12,000 from the tribe of Reuben,
12,000 from the tribe of Gad,
12,000 from the tribe of Asher,
12,000 from the tribe of Naphtali,
12,000 from the tribe of Manasseh,
12,000 from the tribe of Simeon,
12,000 from the tribe of Levi,
12,000 from the tribe of Issachar,
12,000 from the tribe of Zebulun,
12,000 from the tribe of Joseph,
12,000 from the tribe of Benjamin were sealed.[1]

  • Revelation 14:1:

Then I looked, and behold, on Mount Zion stood the Lamb, and with him 144,000 who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads.[2]

  • Revelation 14:3–5:

And they were singing a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and before the elders. No one could learn that song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed from the earth. For it is these who have not defiled themselves with women, for they are virgins. It is these who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These have been redeemed from mankind as firstfruits for God and the Lamb, and in their mouth no lie was found, for they are blameless.[3]

Page from an illuminated manuscript painted by an unknown artist, depicting the 144,000 from Revelation 7, from a copy of the Commentary on the Apocalypse by Saint Beatus of Liébana

The numbers 12,000 and 144,000 are variously interpreted in traditional Christianity. Some, taking the numbers in Revelation to be symbolic,[4] believe it represents all of God's people throughout history in the heavenly Church.[5] One suggestion is that the number comes from 12, a symbol for totality, which is squared and multiplied by one thousand for more emphasis. Others insist the numbers 12,000 and 144,000 are literal numbers and representing either descendants of Jacob (also called Israel in the Bible) or others to whom God has given a superior destiny with a distinct role at the time of the end of the world.[6] One understanding is that the 144,000 are recently converted Jewish evangelists sent out to bring sinners to Jesus Christ during the seven year tribulation period.[7] Preterists believe they are Jewish Christians, sealed for deliverance from the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. Dispensationalist Tim LaHaye, in his commentary Revelation: Illustrated and Made Plain (Zondervan, 1975), considers the 144,000 in Revelation 7 to refer to Jews and those in Revelation 14 to refer to Christians.[8]

Jehovah's Witnesses

Main article: The 'anointed' (Jehovah's Witnesses and salvation)

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that exactly 144,000 faithful Christians from Pentecost of 33 AD until the present day will be resurrected to heaven as immortal spirit beings to spend eternity with God and Christ. They believe that these people are "anointed" by God to become part of the spiritual "Israel of God".[9][10] They believe the 144,000 (which they consider to be synonymous with the "little flock" of Luke 12:32) will serve with Christ as king-priests for a thousand years, while all other people accepted by God (the "other sheep" of John 10:16, composed of "the great crowd" of Revelation 7:9,14 and the resurrected "righteous and the unrighteous" ones of Acts 24:15), will be given an opportunity to live forever in a restored paradise on earth.

Individual Witnesses indicate their claim of being "anointed" by partaking of the bread and wine at the annual Memorial of Christ's death. More than 19,500 Witnesses worldwide—an increase of about 11,000 since 1995[11]—claim to be of the anointed "remnant" of the 144,000.[12] The members of the Governing Body who exercise teaching authority over Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide claim to be among the anointed 144,000, and also consider themselves as a group to be the faithful and discreet slave of Matthew 24:45 and Luke 12:42.[13][14][15]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believes that the sealing of the 144,000 relates to the high priests, ordained unto the holy order of God, to administer the everlasting gospel; "for they are they who are ordained out of every nation, kindred, tongue, and people, by the angels to whom is given power over the nations of the earth, to bring as many as will come to the church of the Firstborn."[16]

Skoptzists

The Christian Skoptsy sect in Russia believed that the Messiah would come when there were 144,000 Skoptsy believers, based on their reading of the Book of Revelation.[17][18]

Unification Church

The Unification Church founded by Reverend Sun Myung Moon believes the 144,000 represents the total number of saints whom Christ must find "who can restore through indemnity the missions of all the past saints who, despite their best efforts to do God's Will, fell prey to Satan when they failed in their responsibilities. He must find these people during his lifetime and lay the foundation of victory over Satan's world".[19]

Islam

144,000 is alleged to have been the number of Sahaba of Muhammad, though other totals have been given.[20] The number is also given as the total number of prophets in Islam,[21] although this has also been reported as 124,000 or 244,000. The actual number of prophets or Sahaba (Companions) is not known, however, 25 prophets are mentioned by name in the Qur'an.

New Age movements

The number 144,000 is also significant in various New Age religious movements.

Other uses

References

  1. ^ Revelation 7:3–8
  2. ^ Revelation 14:1
  3. ^ Revelation 14:3–5
  4. ^ See "Numbers in the Book of Revelation" as an example of this view.
  5. ^ "144,000 sealed in Apocalypse [Revelation] 7:4ff; 14:1 ff: This is 12, the number of the tribes of Israel, multiplied by itself and then multiplied by 1000, the number of a military unit in the ancient Israelite army. The number indicates the fullness of Israel; the Church in the New Testament is conceived as the fullness of Israel, and this is the heavenly Church in its final completion." – Dictionary of the Bible, John L. McKenzie, S.J., p. 621.
  6. ^ "The earth-dwellers will stand in rebellion against God, but the 144,000 as slaves of God will faithfully proclaim the gospel." Robert L Thomas, "One Hundred Forty-Four Thousand: Who Are They?" Archived 2012-05-08 at the Wayback Machine, Ankerberg Theological Research Institute
  7. ^ "144,000 are Jewish evangelists". meaningofrevelation.com. Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-26. Retrieved 2010-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ What does the Bible Really Teach?, ch. 8, p. 79
  10. ^ Rhodes, Ron (2009). Reasoning from the Scriptures with the Jehovah's Witnesses. Harvest House Publishers. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-7369-2451-1.
  11. ^ "Questions From Readers". The Watchtower: 30. 15 August 1996.
  12. ^ "2018 Grand Totals". Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society.
  13. ^ "Annual Meeting Report 2012 - Jehovah's Witnesses". jw.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  14. ^ "The Faithful Steward and Its Governing Body", The Watchtower, June 15, 2009, pages 23–24.
  15. ^ 2011 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 51
  16. ^ "Doctrine and Covenants 77". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  17. ^ Heretz, Leonid (2010), Russia on the Eve of Modernity, New studies in European history, Cambridge University Press, p. 92, ISBN 9781139470667, The day of the Skoptsy's final triumph would come when their ranks reached the number of 144,000 (Revelation 7:4).
  18. ^ Brackney, William H. (2012), Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity, Scarecrow Press, p. 293, ISBN 9780810873650, The Skoptsy were perfectionists and Millennarians. Their practices were to lead them to qualifying for being admitted to a Millennial kingdom, which would begin when there were 144,000 Skoptsy believers (inspired by Revelation 14:1–4).
  19. ^ Exposition of the Divine Principle, p. 144.
  20. ^ Hughes, Thomas Patrick. A Dictionary of Islam, "Ashab"
  21. ^ Wherry, Elwood Morris & Sale, George. A Comprehensive Commentary on the Qurán
  22. ^ Raël (2005). Intelligent Design: Message from the Designers. Nova. p. 298. ISBN 2-940252-22-X.
  23. ^ E. Porcher, ed. and tr., Histoire d'Isaac, patriarche Jacobite d'Alexandrie de 686 à 689, écrite par Mina, évêque de Pchati, volume 11. 1915. Texts in Arabic, Greek and Syriac, p. 526.
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