Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies
| Maria Antonietta | |||||
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| Grand Duchess of Tuscany | |||||
| Tenure | 7 June 1833 – 21 July 1859 | ||||
| Born | 19 December 1814 Royal Palace of Palermo, Kingdom of Sicily, Italy | ||||
| Died | 7 November 1898 (aged 83) Gmunden, Austria | ||||
| Spouse | Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (m. 1833 – 1870; his death) | ||||
| Issue | Archduchess Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany Archduke Karl Salvator Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen Archduke Ludwig Salvator Archduke John Salvator | ||||
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| House | Bourbon-Two Sicilies | ||||
| Father | Francis I of the Two Sicilies | ||||
| Mother | Maria Isabella of Spain | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies (Maria Antonietta Giuseppa Anna; 19 December 1814 – 7 November 1898) was the Grand Duchess of Tuscany from 1833 to 1859 as the consort of Leopold II. In signature, she used Maria Antonietta.[citation needed]
Biography
Maria Antonia was born at the Royal Palace of Palermo on 19 December 1814, daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Maria Isabella of Spain, she was baptised Maria Antonia in honor of Maria Antonia-Anna's great-aunt Marie Antoinette, deceased sister of her grandmother Maria Carolina of Austria.
When she was born, the Neapolitan court had already moved to Sicily because Napoleonic troops had invaded the continental part of the realm. After a few months the royal family returned to Naples thanks to the Congress of Vienna.
She was particularly close to her brother the future Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, who affectionately dubbed her Totò.[citation needed]
Marriage and issue
In 1833, when she was eighteen, Maria Antonia married her first cousin Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who was seventeen years older. Marie Antoinette and Leopold had ten children:
- Archduchess Maria Isabella, who wed her maternal uncle Prince Francis, Count of Trapani, youngest son of Francis I of the Two Sicilies.
- Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (10 June 1835 – 17 January 1908).
- Archduchess Maria Theresa (29 June 1836 – 5 August 1838).
- Archduchess Maria Christina (5 February 1838 – 1 September 1849).
- Archduke Karl Salvator (30 April 1839 – 18 January 1892)
- Archduchess Maria Anna (9 June 1840 – 13 August 1841).
- Archduke Rainer (1 May 1842 – 14 August 1844).
- Archduchess Maria Luisa (31 October 1845 – 27 August 1917), who wed Karl, Prince of Isenburg-Büdingen.
- Archduke Ludwig Salvator (4 August 1847 – 12 October 1915).
- Archduke Johann Salvator (25 November 1852 – reported lost at sea in 1890, amidst speculation that he survived, subsequently using the alias "Johann Orth").
Tributes
The Piazza Maria Antonia – today Piazza dell'Indipendeza, the railway line Maria Antonia and the Maria Antonia train station, now called Firenze Santa Maria Novella, were named in her honour.
Revolution
In April 27th 1859, before the Franco-Piedmont war against Austria, Leopold II proclaimed neutrality. On the afternoon of 27 April, Leopold II chose to leave Florence with his family, in four carriages heading toward Bologna, rather than provoke any violence by what appeared to be a well orchestrated coup directed by the Piedmontese government. Shortly beforehand he had refused to abdicate in favour of his son, Ferdinand IV, which then became nominal Grandduke of Tuscany after Leopold II was forced to abdicate by the emperor Francis Joseph in July of the same year.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 19 December 1814 – 12 December 1816: Her Royal Highness Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily
- 12 December 1816 – 7 June 1833: Her Royal Highness Princess Maria Antonia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
- 7 June 1833 – 21 July 1859: Her Imperial and Royal Highness the Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, etc.
- 21 July 1859 – 7 November 1898: Her Imperial and Royal Highness the Most Serene Dowager Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Honours
Austria-Hungary : Dame of the Order of the Starry Cross[1]
Two Sicilies : Dame of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
Spain : Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa
Ancestry
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References
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich (1868), p. 110, Sternkreuz-Orden
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b Navarrete Martínez, Esperanza Navarrete Martínez. "María de la O Isabel de Borbón". Diccionario biográfico España (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia.
- ^ a b c d Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 9.
- ^ a b Genealogie ascendate, p. 1
- ^ a b Genealogie ascendate, p. 96
External links
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- Princesses of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
- Austrian princesses
- Neapolitan princesses
- Sicilian princesses
- House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
- 1814 births
- 1898 deaths
- People from Palermo
- Grand Duchesses of Tuscany
- Italian Roman Catholics
- Knights of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
- Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Joseph
- Dames of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa
- Dames of the Order of the Starry Cross